ARTICLE LXVII.

ITINERARIES OF MARCH-MAPS.

991. The commanding officer of every body of troops ordered to march will select a competent person-preferably a commissioned officer-to whom will be intrusted the special duty of making the field-notes and sketches, and keeping the journal necessary for the preparation of a map and report of the route traversed.-[ Circ. Hdqrs. Army, June 6, 1873.]

992. The person so selected should, if possible, be relieved of a part of his routine duties to enable him to give due attention to this subject.-[Circ. Hdqrs. Army, June 6, 1873.]

993. The commanding officer will daily, or more frequently if necessary, inspect and verify the notes and journals. If there be no competent subordinate to perform the duty, the commanding officer will himself make the notes and keep the journal.-[Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 708, 709; G. O. 4, Hdqrs. Army, 1873; Circ. Hdqrs. Army, June 6, 1873.]

994. When a detachment leaves the main column, the point on the "route" will be noted, and the reason given in the remarks. The commander of the detachment will see that the notes and journals are continued over his new line of march, and after its completion will transmit them to the commanding officer of the main body.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 715.]

995. On the completion of the march, the notes and journals will be sent, through the regular channels, to the Department Headquarters, where their contents will be embodied upon the maps in course of preparation there. The notes and journals will then be forwarded to the Chief of Engineers at Washington.-[G. O. 60, 1879.]

996. Suitable instruments and note-books for use in keeping itineraries of march will be obtained through the officer on Engineer duty at the Headquarters of Geographical Departments, who will from time to time renew his supply by requisition on the Chief of the Corps of Engineers.-[G. O. 60, 1879.]

ARTICLE LXVIII.

TROOPS ON BOARD OF TRANSPORTS.

997. Military commanders charged with the embarkation of troops, and officers of the Quartermaster's Department intrusted with the selection of the transports, will take care that the vessels are entirely seaworthy and proper for such service, and that suitable arrangements are made in them for the health and comfort of the troops. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 851.]

998. If, in the opinion of the officer commanding the troops to be embarked, the vessel is not proper or suitably arranged, the officer charged with the embarkation shall cause her to be inspected by competent and experienced persons.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 852.]

999. The President may detail, temporarily, three competent naval officers for the service of the War Department in the inspection of transport vessels, and for such other services as may be designated by the Secretary of War.-[R. S., § 1437.]

1000. Immediately after embarking, the men will be assigned to quarters, equal parties on each side of the ship, and no man will be allowed to loiter or sleep on the opposite side. As far as practicable, the men of each company will be assigned to the same part of the vessel, and the squads, in the same manner, to contiguous berths.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 853.]

1001. No officer is to sleep out of his ship, or quit his ship, without the sanction of the officer commanding on board.-[ Regs. 1863, ¶856.]

1002. At sea the guard will mount with side-arms only. The officer of the guard will be officer of the day.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 857.] 1003. Sentinels will be kept over the fires, with buckets of water at hand, promptly to extinguish fires. Smoking is prohibited between decks or in the cabins at all times. Lights shall not be allowed between decks, except such ship lanterns as the master of the transport may direct, or those carried by the officer of the day in the execution of his duty.-[Regs. 1863, 858.]

1004. The commanding officer will make arrangements, in concert with the master of the vessel, for calling the troops to quarters, so that in case of fire-alarm, or the approach of the enemy, every man may repair promptly to his station.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 860.]

1005. All the troops will turn out at a prescribed hour a. m., without arms or uniform, and (in warm weather) without shoes or stockings; when every individual will be clean, his hands, face, and feet washed, and his hair combed. The same personal inspection will be repeated thirty minutes before sunset. The cooks alone may be exempted from one of these inspections per day, if necessary. [Regs. 1803, ¶ 861.]

1006. Officers will enforce cleanliness as indispensable to health. When the weather will permit, bedding will be brought on deck every morning for airing.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 863.]

1007. The men will not be allowed to sleep on deck in hot weather or in the sun; they will be encouraged and required to take exercise on deck, in squads by succession, when necessary.[Regs. 1833, ¶ 870.]

1008. At morning and evening parades the Surgeon will examine the men, to observe whether there be any appearance of disease.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 871.]

1009. In fitting up a vessel for the transportation of horses, care is to be taken that the requisite arrangements are made for conve

niently feeding and cleaning them, and to secure them from injury in rough weather by ropes attached to breast-straps and breeching, or by other suitable means; and especially that proper ventilation is provided by openings in the upper deck, wind-sails, &c. The ventilation of steamers may be assisted by using the engine for that purpose. Horses should not be put on board after severe exercise or when heated.-[Regs. 1863, ¶¶ 876, 877.]

1010. On board, care is to be taken that the horses are not overfed; bran should form part of their ration. The face, eyes, and nostrils of each horse are to be washed at the usual stable hours, and, occasionally, the nostrils of the horses sponged with vinegar and water.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 878.]

1011. In loading vessels with stores for a military expedition, the cargo of each should be composed of an assortment of such stores as may be available for service in case of the non-arrival of others; and they should be placed on board in such a manner that they may be easily reached in the order in which they are required for service. Each store-ship should be marked, at the bow and stern, on both sides, in large characters, with a distinctive letter and number. A list is to be made of the stores on board of each vessel, and of the place where they are to be found in it; a copy of this list to be sent to the chief officer of the proper department in the expedition, or at the place of destination.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 879.]

ARTICLE LXIX.

TROOPS IN CAMPAIGN.

ORGANIZATION OF AN ARMY IN THE Ffield.

1012. The formation by divisions is the basis of the organization and administration of armies in the field.-[Regs. 1863, 473.] 1013. A division consists usually of two or three brigades, either of Infantry or Cavalry, and troops of other corps in the necessary proportion.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 474.]

1014. A brigade is formed of two or more regiments.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 475.]

1015. As the troops arrive at the rendezvous, the General commanding-in-chief organizes them into brigades and divisions.[Regs. 1863, ¶ 477.]

1016. Brigades in divisions and divisions in corps receive permanent numerical designations, as first, second, and third. In a single army, corps are designated in like manner. If there be more

than one army, corps are numbered consecutively from the first to the last one organized. In reports of military operations, brigades and divisions are designated by the name of the General commanding them.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 481.]

1017. The General commanding-in-chief assigns the Generals

of divisions and of brigades to their respective commands, when the assignment is not made by the Department of War.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 483.]

1018. The General of brigade inspects his troops in detail, by companies, when he takes the command and at the opening of the campaign, and as often as may be necessary to ascertain exactly their condition. The General of division makes similar inspections when he thinks proper. At these inspections the Generals examine the arms, clothing, equipments, harness, horses, &c., direct the necessary repairs, and designate the men and horses to remain in depot or march with the train.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 484.]

1019. Reports of inspections are made by the General of brigade to the General of division, and by the General of division to the next superior commander.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 485.]

1020. During marches and all active operations, Generals of brigade keep themselves exactly informed of the actual strength of the regiments, so as always, especially after an engagement, to make accurate returns to the General of division.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 486.]

1021. Staff officers, and officers of Engineers, Ordnance, and Artillery, according to the nature of the service, are assigned to the headquarters of armies and divisions, and detached brigades, by order of the General commanding-in-chief, when the distribution of these officers has not been regulated by the War Department. The necessary Staff will be assigned to commanders of brigades.— [Regs. 1863, ¶ 487.]

1022. Staff officers, and officers of Engineers, Ordnance, and Artillery, report to their immediate commanders the state of the supplies and whatever concerns the service under their direction, and receive their orders, and communicate to them those they receive from their superiors in their own corps.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 489.] 1023. The senior officer of Engineers, of Ordnance, and the departments of the general Staff serving at the chief headquarters in the field, will transmit to the bureau of his department at Washington, at the close of the campaign, and at such other times as the commander in the field may approve, a full report of the operations of his department, and whatever information to improve its service he may be able to furnish.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 490.]

1024. The report of the officer of Engineers will embrace plans of military works executed during the campaign, and, in case of siege, a journal of the attack or defense.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 490.]

ORDERLIES.

1025. At the opening of a campaign, the commander of an Army determines and announces in orders the number of orderlies, mounted or foot, for the Generals. Orderlies for Corps, Division, and Brigade commanders of Infantry are detailed from the Infantry,

and are mounted; for Artillery and Cavalry commanders from their commands. [Regs. 1863, ¶ 492.]

1026. Officers will not detach orderlies or body-guards from other commands and departments. When officers are transferred from one command or department to another, all orderlies or bodyguards so detached will be sent to their regiments.-[G. O. 15, 1864.] 1027. In marches, the mounted orderlies follow the Generals, and perform the duty of escorts, or march with orderlies on foot at the head of the division or brigade.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 493.]

1028. The Staff officer who distributes the orderlies to their posts sends with them a note of the time and place of departure; those relieved receive a like note from the Staff officer at the headquarters.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 494.]

TENTS AND BAGGAGE.

1029. In active campaign, troops must be prepared to bivouac on the march, the allowance of tents being limited, as follows: For the headquarters of an army corps, division, or brigade, one wall tent to the Commanding General, and one to every two officers of his Staff. For the Colonel, Field, and Staff of a full regiment, three wall tents; and for every other commissioned officer, one shelter tent each. For every two non-commissioned officers, soldiers, officers' servants, and authorized camp followers, one shelter tent. One hospital tent will be allowed for office purposes at corps headquarters, and one wall tent at those of a division or a brigade. All tents beyond this allowance will be left in depot.-[Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 43.]

1030. Hospital tents are for the sick and wounded, and, except those allowed for army corps headquarters, must not be diverted from their proper use.-[Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 46.]

1031. Officers' baggage will be limited to blankets, one small valise or carpet-bag, and a moderate mess-kit. The men will carry their own blankets and shelter tents, and reduce the contents of their knapsacks as much as possible.-[Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 44.]

1032. The Depot Quartermaster will provide storage for a reasonable amount of officers' surplus baggage, and the extra clothing and knapsacks of the men.-[Regs. 1863, Ap. B, ¶ 45.]

CAMPS.

1033. A camp is the place where troops are established in tents, in huts, or in bivouac. The camping-party is a detachment detailed to prepare a camp.-[Regs. 1863, ¶ 498.]

1034. Reconnoissances should precede the establishment of the camp. For a camp of troops on the march, it is only necessary to look to the health and comfort of the troops, the facility of the communications, the convenience of wood and water, and the resources in provisions and forage. For an intrenched camp, or a