man can meet with. He is so far from having any dealings with truth or honesty, that his solemn word, which he calls as good as his bond, is a studied falsehood, and he scandalizes truth and honesty, in pretending to write for it."-Dunton's 'Life and Errors.' However, when, in calmer mood, Dunton drew the characters of the most eminent men of his profession, he wrote upon Harris the paragraph given us by MR. ROLAND AUSTIN at p. 515. This is no place for panegyric, but one would like to invite a tender thought for who stood Mrs. B. Harris, the "kind Rib by her husband when he was in the pillory to defend him against the mob. MR. AUSTIN'S quotation is not, I think, quite accurate. In line 1 was should be has been. In line 15 "invention" should be plural. In line 16 "allay" should be alloy; and in line 20 "ingenuous should be ingenious. A. T. W. JONATHAN KING AND HIS COLLECTIONS (11 S. vi. 483).-I believe that it was in a note by myself that mention was first made in N. & Q. of King's collection of Christmas cards. He called upon me in the way of business in the early seventies, and in the course of the chat between seller and buyer I asked him if he had any very early valentines in his old stock, for I was at that time seeking some. His reply was in the negative, but he said he had specimens of nearly all that had appeared; and he was greatly interested when I told him that a relative of mine living in Southport had kept all the Christmas cards she had received since the sending of them had become general. I showed him several old valentines that I had collected, with which he was pleased. He was a very genial man, and in one thing and another I had business dealings with him, and was sorry when he left "the road in favour of, I believe, one of his FIRE-RITUAL (11 S. vi. 489).-I do not think it either needful or desirable to interpret as a survival of fire-worship the practice, once universal in districts where sea-coal came not, of keeping fire constantly aglow on the hearth. Where peat or wood is the staple fuel, burnt on a hearth, not in a grate, no effort is required to ensure the red embers lying overnight, to be fed with fresh fuel in the morning. I have recorded elsewhere a picturesque instance of this occurring on my own property. I took an English friend to fish for trout on a moorland lake. Rain came on; we rowed ashore, and took shelter in the house of the worthy As it peasant who looked after my boat. was past midday, I asked his wife (whose name, curiously enough, was Hester Stanhope) to bake us some scones for luncheon. She complied willingly, went down on her knees, and began blowing away the top of the heap of white ashes on the hearth, thereby disclosing the live red peat below. My English friend surprised. "I that thought," said he to the gudewife, fire was out. How long has it been alight?" had been fresh laid that morning. The He told me afterwards that he supposed it gudewife looked up at him from her knees, and said: "It's just seeven-and-twenty year come Marti'mas since Rab an' me cam to the hoose, and the fire 's never been oot sin' syne. was 66 Five-and-twenty years have gone by since those words were spoken. Rab and Hester are both "in the mools," the cottage has been improved out of all recognition, and a patent cooking-range has replaced the HERBERT MAXWELL. primitive hearth. Monreith. CONSECRATION CROSSES (11 S. vi. 390, 451).-At Tideswell Church, Derbyshire, often designated "The Cathedral of the Peak," are two excellent examples of consecration crosses cut on the moulded shafts in the jambs of the doorway (on either side) at the south entrance of the church. They are about 5 ft. above the pavement, and are 4 in. in length with forked ends. Consequently they are somewhat similar in shape to a cross moline. Their perfect condition is doubtless due to the severity of the Peak winters, which necessitated the addition of an external porch shortly after the erection and consecration of the church, the consequence of which was that these crosses, instead of being, as when first incised, on the outside of the church and exposed to the weather, became protected. An illustration of one of them will be found on p. 45 of the fifth edition of my Tideswell and its Church' (Tideswell, Chapman). JAS. M. J. FLETCHER. Wimborne Minster. HUGH PETERS (11 S. vi. 463).-In the second paragraph of MR. J. B. WILLIAMS'S note on the early career of H. Peters there is a surmise concerning the origin of the family and the family name, including a suggestion that both may have had a Continental source. May I point out that in the early days of British Christianity it was quite leadership of his party. With reference to a common practice to give Bible names to this announcement, the English hymn was converts on their baptism? Consequently amusingly, if somewhat profanely, parodied we find that in Wales proper and in West as a skit upon Gladstone-perhaps in Wales such names as Matthew, David, Truth, but I regret that I cannot give the John (Jones), Paul, Peter, and others, reference. EDITH MAYNE. with variations of spelling, have been very usual; and that many of them exist at the EXCISEMAN GILL (11 S. vi. 490).-An present day. It is not at all necessary to look old inhabitant told me many years ago that to the Continent for the early generations of the "Riding Officer Gill of Folkestone was a family with any of the above surnames.supposed to be the original Exciseman Gill; A similar custom holds in India among the native Christians. FRANK PENNY. ZODIAC OF TEN SIGNS (11 S. vi. 309).— What degree of credit may be due to the names of H. P. Blavatsky and Eliphaz Lévi in a question of the history of astronomical science I do not know, but as no evidence has so far been produced in N. & Q.' to support the view that a zodiac of ten signs was in use before the zodiac of twelve signs, it seems worth suggesting that it may be based on the statements of certain Latin writers that the Roman year in early times was one of ten months. The best known, though not the most important, passages where this system is mentioned are in Ovid, 'Fasti,' i. 27 sqq., and iii. 99 sqq. Recently such statements have been regarded by scholars with very great suspicion, and supposed to rest on a misunderstanding among the ancient authors. See Dr. G. F. Unger in vol. i. pp. 784 ff. of the second edition of Iwan Müller's Handbuch der klassischen Altertums - Wissenschaft (Munich, 1892), and Dr. J. S. Reid under Chronology in J. E. Sandys's A Companion to Latin Studies' (Cambridge, 1910). his son was a surgeon ; but from the following extract from Seymour's Survey of Kent,' published 1776, it would appear that Gill was doctor and custom-house officer combined :— "Dr. Gill has laid out his garden in a pretty whimsical state....This gentleman, who is one of the officers of Customs, deserves, by his unwearied zeal in the execution of his duty, some He is also a favour of the Honourable Board. man of great skill and knowledge in his profession." In 1711 there was a Lytcott Gill, an apothecary, who became a freeman of Folkestone, 18 Aug., 1712, on payment of 51. He was buried 27 Jan., 1771, aged 86. In 1777 John Gill was riding officer at a salary of 60l. Licence to marry, dated 29 Aug., 1780, was issued to John Gill, bachelor, and Margaret Minter, a minor, with parents' consent. Witnesses, Michael Minter and John Gill. In 1792 I find under Physic' John Gill, surgeon, and in a general list John Gill, riding officer, both freemen. In 1806 John Gill is Mayor of Folkestone, and in 1844 John Gill, the oldest member of the Corporation, is buried, aged 83; he died at Sandgate. R. J. FYNMORE. CAMPDEN HOUSE (11 S. vi. 468).-With reference to MR. JAMES'S inquiry, I may say that my mother was educated at Great Campden House, and I have an old number (undated) of The Sunday at Home containing a description of the house and school. The house was built about 1612, and burnt down on 23 March, 1863. The article contains two illustrations one of the house, which represents a mansion fronting a spacious lawn. There is nothing to indicate High Street (or Church Street), but it may have been behind the house. The other illustration is of the "little schoolroom, 1820." If MR. JAMES would care to see the article, I should be glad to lend it to him. I am sure he would treat the pamphlet tenderly. WILLOUGHBY DADE, 6, Montague Road, Richmond Hill, Surrey. Replies. DESCENT OF DARNLEY. (11 S. vi. 488.) MATTHEW STEWART, fourth (or twelfth) Earl of Lennox (1516-71), Regent of Scotland, was son of John, third Earl, by Anne, eighth daughter of John Stewart, first Earl of Atholl, half-brother of James II. John Stewart, third (or eleventh) Earl of Lennox (d. 1526), was son of Matthew, second (or tenth) Earl, by Elizabeth, daughter of James, first Lord Hamilton, and a niece on the spindle-side of James III. Matthew Stewart, second (or tenth) Earl of Lennox (d. 1513), was son of Sir John Stewart or Stuart, Lord Darnley and first (or ninth) Earl, by Margaret, eldest daughter of Alexander Montgomerie, Knight, Lord of Ardrossan. Sir John Stewart, Lord Darnley and first (or ninth) Earl of Lennox (d. 1495) of the Stewart line, was son of Sir Alan Stewart by Catherine Seton, probably a daughter of Sir William Seton, killed at Verneuil in 1424. Sir Alan Stewart (slain at Linlithgow in 1439) was second son of Sir John Stuart of Darnley, first Seigneur of Aubigny, by Elizabeth, daughter of Duncan, Earl of Lennox. Sir John Stuart or Stewart of Darnley, Seigneur of Aubigny (1365 ?-1429), was son of Alexander Stewart of Darnley by Janet, daughter and heiress of Sir William Keith of Galston. Sir Alexander Stewart of Darnley was son of Sir Alexander Stewart of Derneley. Sir Alexander Stewart of Derneley was youngest son of Sir Alan Stewart of Dreghorn. Sir Alan Stewart of Dreghorn was second son of Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl by Margaret, only daughter and heiress of Sir Alexander Bonkyl of that ilk. Sir John Stewart of Bonkyl was second son of Alexander, High Steward of Scotland, by Jean, daughter and heiress of Angus Macrory, or Roderick, Lord of Bute. John's elder brother, James the High Steward, was grandfather of Robert II. A. R. BAYLEY. Sir There is a genealogical table in 'Some Account of the Stuarts of Aubigny in France,' by Lady Elizabeth Cust. The pedigree commences with Alexander, High Steward of Scotland, great-grandfather WRECK OF THE ROYAL GEORGE (11 S. vi. 110, 176, 374, 436, 496).—The poet' account of this disaster certainly states, as mentioned at the last reference by R. B., that A land-breeze shook the shrouds ; but I have always taken this to be a poetical way of saying that there was not much wind at the time. The real cause of the sinking of the vessel is given in the previous stanza : Eight hundred of the brave, Whose courage well was tried, Had made the vessel heel And laid her on her side. T. F. D. HOGMANAY (11 S. vi. 506).-Is there any connexion between this word and Old Norse hökunótt, explained by Eiríkr Magnússon ("Saga Library," vol. vi. p. 349) as Midwinter night [which], corresponds to Hogmany night, the last day of the year. Another form is höggunótt, which comes nearer to the English form. But as midwinter night in Norway was the 9th of January, it is possible that the resemblance between the Engl. and Icel. term is accidental, yet höku, höggu defies etymological explanation, and has all the appearance of a loan-word.' King Hakon the Good of Norway, or "Athelstan's fosterling been brought up as a Christian in England, (934-61), who had made a law that Yule should be holden the same time as Christian men hold it....But aforetime was Yule holden on [Hökunótt], that is to say, midwinter night, and Yule was holden for three nights."—"Saga Library," vol. iii. p. 164. This name must be much older than the tenth century in Norway, and so could not be borrowed from England. ALFRED W. JOHNSTON. 29, Ashburnham Mansions. Chelsea. CURIOUS ENTRY IN REGISTER: NICKNAMES (11 S. vi. 429, 513).-The burial of people described by their nicknames is so common in Lancashire that in many registers printed by the Parish Register Society a list of them forms a separate entry in the Index of Names. In the Registers for Blackburn between 1600 and 1660 there are forty-nine such entries; and at Ribchester, a small parish, between 1598 and 1695 thirteen nicknames appear. Amongst them are some very curious Chrunchon, Dicked, Baculus, Thick Skin, names, such as Thinke on, Numbd hard, My Lordes, Guyley, Frapps. HENRY FISHWICK. 66 66 but latterly for short coasting voyages. Etymologically the word is. I suppose, the same as trough ; and as trug," meaning a trough-shaped garden basket. The term 'ketch," on the other hand, has for at least 100 years past applied exclusively to the rig of a vessel, and not at all to its form of hull. It is not to the point here that the term "ketch" is applied now to a rig entirely different from that which was denoted by it in the eighteenth century. An article by Mr. R. Morton Nance in The Mariner's Mirror for July, 1912, describes and illustrates "trows rigged as cutters, sloops, ketches, schooners, and in other fashions as well. But the ketch-rig has been increasing in favour for some years past on all parts of the coast, and perhaps nowhere more so than in the Bristol Channel, to which the " trows" belong. HERALDIC: L. G. C. L. BEARER OF COAT SOUGHT (11 S. vi. 410, 475).-The nearest coat to this in Papworth's Ordinary' is: Or, on a bend engrailed az. a plate in chief (Clarke, Baron of the Exchequer, on the authority of Withie's additions to Glover's Ordinary,' Harl. MS. 1459). CHRISTIE OF BABERTON (11 S. vi. 488). I have the Chippendale book-plate of " John Christie Esquire of Baberton " (No. 5825 in the Franks Catalogue). The arms are: Or, a saltire engd. sa. between four mullets arg. (The mullets should be sable, I think, as in all the Christie coats given in Burke's General Armory'; otherwise the heraldry is bad.) Motto: Sic viresco." S. A. GRUNDY-NEWMAN, F.S.A.Scot. Walsall. RECORDS OF NAVIGATION IN INDIA (11 S. vii. 9). MR. KNOTT might consult Indian Shipping: a History of the Sea-Borne Trade and Maritime Activity of the Indians from the Earliest Times,' by Radhakumud Mookerji, M.A., Professor of Indian History in the National Council of Education, Bengal, 4to (Longmans, 1912). WM. H. PEET. TOKEN - MONEY (11 S. vi. 248). May I place on record that a reply to this query appeared in The Guardian of 29 Nov., 1912, referring to the token-books of St. Saviour's, Southwark, in use in 1559, and to the trial, in 1634, of John Richardson, who farmed the tithes and oblations of The Chapelrie of St. Margaret's, Durham,' recorded in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 1906-7, pp. 454-5? A. C. C. 66 ANTHONY WOOD'S ATHENE OXONIENSES' (11 S. vi. 381, 404, 474).-There is little doubt about the identity of Anthony Ettrick suggested by W. B. H. The particulars of his career are given in the recently published Middle Temple Bench Book by Mr. A. R. Ingpen, K.C., and show that, like Aubrey, who was also a member of the Middle Temple, he was at Trinity College, Oxford. To the reference given by Mr. Ingpen to Burke's Commoners.' iii. 16, may be added Hutchins's 'Dorset,' iii. 218, 245. C. E. A. BEDWELL. Middle Temple Library. CHAINED BOOKS (11 S. vi. 69, 136, 177, 215, 274, 373, 473).-John Angier, pastor of the Church of God at Denton, Manchester, by his will, dated 27 Aug., 1677 (P.C.C. 112 Hale), bequeaths to Denton Chapel Mr. Hildersham's 'Lectures upon the One and Fiftieth Psalm' and Bishop Jewell's Works against Harding as a remaining testimony of my love, to be chained up in a convenient place at the charge of the Chapelry," and hopes that others will make additions. 6 266 WILLIAM GILBERT. 35, Broad Street Avenue, E.C. LONDON'S "TERRITORIALS IN LAMBARDE MSS. (11 S. vi. 323, 364, 457).Yes, the manuscript of William Lambarde's Perambulation of Kent' is at Bradbourne Hall, Sevenoaks. One page is missing. But I cannot trace his own copy of the 1576 edition, from which the second edition was published in 1596. F. L. |