This word was invented some fifty years ago, to describe the usual way in which mattins and evensong were rendered in our churches, as a duologue between parson and clerk, the congregation remaining silent. Sometimes it was described as a parson and clerk duet." Happily, now a thing of the past. E. LEATON-BLENKINSOPP.

AUSTRIAN FLAG AT ACRE (8th S. iii. 427).— | Almanack' that I can find just at the moment is Your correspondent will have considerable difficulty that for 1885. On p. 69 is a list of new pieces in procuring an authentic copy" of this flag. produced at London theatres; and under the headHowever, he may try his luck by consulting G. ing of "Court" is "My Milliner's Bill, duologue, Koehler's or Boeheim's book on early war materials. by G. W. Godfrey, March 6" (1884). The former is in the British Museum, if not the E. S. N. latter. The duke whose flag Richard I. outraged at Ptolemais was Leopold V., who was Duke of Austria from 1177 to 1194. I believe the oldest known representation of a coat of arms borne by a Duke of Austria occurs on a seal affixed to a deed of 1202, and shows the lion of Styria, which Leopold VI. bore as duke of that country. earliest known representation of the well-known Austrian, or rather Babenberg, escutcheon-Gules, a fess argent-is shown on a seal to a deed of 1234, if I remember rightly. Cf. Sava, 'Die Siegel der oester Regenten '(Vienna, 1871). Old Siebmacher has, I believe, a legend about the origin of this device. L. L. K.

The

HAWISIA DE FERRERS (8th S. iii. 429).-The additional name of Havisa, wife of Robert, first Earl of Derby, was De Vitri. Probably further information may be given in 'Antiquities of Lacock Abbey,' by W. L. Bowles and J. C. Nicholls, p. 264. RADCLIFFE.

I have somewhere met with the statement that she was a De Vitré. If so, she was probably daughter of André de Vitré by Agnes, daughter of Robert, Comte de Mortain. André's grandBon Robert (the second) died in 1174.

THOS. WILLIAMS.

DUOLOGUE (8th S. iii. 406).—The word and the entertainment indicated by it are not of such recent date as DR. CHANCE seems to suppose, though it is quite true that dictionaries are silent on this head, even Cassell's edition of 1892 omitting it. The following two quotations may show (1) that some five years ago duologues took their rise in drawing-room entertainments, and (2) of what nature this kind of recitation is: "Her taste for recitations and drawing-room duologues is growing rapidly" (Punch, 1888, i. p. 229); "It reminds me of one of those duologue entertainments, where he lady comes on the stage first, and does her peech and solo; then exit 'she,' and enter on the other side 'he,' and immediately gives his speech, his solo; then exit 'he.' Re-enter she'; to her nter 'he' dialogue, duet, dance, and exit one of them, and so on, until the final duet, and Furtain " (Punch, 1888, i. p. 185). The two uotations prove one thing more-viz., that the Ford may be used both as a substantive and as an djective. K. TEN BRUGGENCATE.

Leeuwarden, Holland.

I believe this word is a good deal older than DR. CHANCE thinks. I have known it for a long time, hough I cannot say how long. The earliest Era

"DUMBLE" (8th S. iii. 447). Why not a variant of "dimble" (a form cognate with 'dimple "), a depression, hollow, or valley? Compare the name Dumbleton, in Gloucestershire. The word is used by Ben Jonson :

Within a bushy dimble she doth dwell.

CHAS. JAS. FERET.

In A Supplementary English Glossary,' by the Rev. T. L. O. Davies, I find the following:— "Betsey called it [monk's-hood] dumbledore's delight, and was not aware that the plant in whose helmetrather than cowl-shaped flowers that busy and bestnatured of all insects appears to revel more than in any other is the deadly aconite of which we read in poetry.' -Southey, 'The Doctor,' chap. cviii. S. J. A. F.

CHARLES II., THE FISH, AND THE ROYAL SOCIETY (8th S. ii. 526; iii. 234, 377).-MR. W. WEBB seems to have studied the problem of Archimedes imperfectly, or he would not have fallen in water" would displace a bulk of water equal to into the error of supposing that a body immersed its own weight."

73x in water, it displaces a quantity of water equal Suppose a mass of gold to weigh 77% in air, and to its own bulk, weighing 4x. If the weight in air be divided by the loss of weight in water, that 18, 77 by 4, we get 19 as the specific gravity of is 194 times heavier than its own bulk of pure gold, that of water being 1. In other words, gold water at 60° F.

Archimedes had to solve. A known weight of It may be useful to restate the problem that gold was delivered to an artist for conversion into a votive crown for Hieron, King of Syracuse (or, delivered was of the proper weight, but a suspicion as some say, for his son Galon). The crown as somehow arose that a fraud had been perpetrated. examination, but, as it had some artistic value, be The crown was accordingly sent to Archimedes for was not allowed to melt it down into some simple geometrical figure, so as to be able to compare it and measure it with a similar figure in pure gold. If the crown were an alloy of gold and of some less dense metal, and yet of the same weight as one of pure gold, the alloy would be of larger dimensions

INSCRIPTION ON BRASS, OXTED SURREY (8th S. iii. 387).-The following inscription upon a slab-now placed vertically-in the 100 north aisle of the church of Lanivet, near Bodmin, 1,925 is interesting, as not only recording the "last 1,053 words" but also the 'Cause of Death' (8th S. ii. 428, 533; iii. 76, 154, 275, 355):—

as a service of carrying salt by tenants for their
ords.
C. GOLDING.

Colchester.

of Rome a copy of King Henry's book against Luther, which led to that sovereign receiving the title of 'Defender of the Faith,' still used, though with a very different meaning. The church was not pulled down on REV. HENRY ADAMS (8th S. iii. 387, 417, the dissolution of the abbey, but remained until 1706, 78.)-The statement quoted from the Gent. Mag. when, being in a very dilapidated and dangerous state, it was taken down and rebuilt from the ground, with the of July, 1839, to the effect that Mr. Adams had exception of the north wall, upon which the chief monuDeen at the time of his death, in 1839, for forty-ments are placed. Then the writer says that the ine years chaplain to Lord Montagu, must be parishioners of St. Catherine Cree, in 1622, obtained qualified by the fact that the eighth and last Vis- leave of Charles I. to rebuild the priory church with the Count of Cowdray, was, as every one knows, drowned assistance of Lord Mayor Barkham. From this it is at the Falls of Laufenburg or Schaffhausen in 1793. quite evident that the writer of the article has mixed up our church and the abbey with another church and some It is true that Mark Antony Browne assumed the priory. What in the world could the parishioners of title, but as he had previously been a friar of the St. Catherine Cree have to do with Holy Trinity, Roman Church, in which communion he died in Minories? Also, as the church was not rebuilt until 1706, 1797, it is unlikely that he required the services of it in 1622; but Sir William Pritchard, who was Lord Lord Mayor Barkham certainly did not assist to rebuild the chaplain of Beaulieu. PERCEVAL LANDON. Mayor in 1683, purchased the abbey, and resided in it during his mayoralty, calling it, I believe, the Mansion House. EVERARD HOME COLEMAN.

ROBERT MONTGOMERY MARTIN (8th S. iii. 408, 477).—A memoir of this writer is prepared, and will appear in due course in the 'Dictionary of National Biography.' SIDNEY LEE.

RELICS IN A LONDON CHURCH (8th S. iii. 466). -The correctness of the statements contained in the paragraph which appeared in the City Press has been challenged by no less an authority than the learned vicar of Holy Trinity, Minories, who, in the following extract from a letter addressed to the editor of the Standard, says:—

71, Brecknock Road.
[Many replies to the same effect are acknowledged.]

Miscellaneous.

NOTES ON BOOKS, &c.

History of St. Edmund's College Old Hall. By the
Very Rev. Bernard Ward, the President. (Kegan
Paul & Co.)

THE Catholic College of Old Hall is the only existing 'An article has gone the round of the papers purport- educational institution which can trace its history back ing to give particulars of my church and its past history, to the times of the penal laws, when it was contrary to some extracts of which appeared in your morning and statute for the Roman Catholic body to have schools evening editions of the 25th instant. Will you permit of their own where their faith was taught. Twyford me, then, to say that none of the statements in that School was established in the reign of James II., when article are correct? In the first place, the name of my for a short time the penal statutes were suspended. church is not 'St. Mary in the Minories,' but Holy The Revolution does not seem to have materially affected Trinity, Minories'; secondly, the mummified head which Twyford, for Mr. Ward tells us that it continued to exist we have could not be that of the Duke of Norfolk, as the for more than fifty years. It was suspended during the writer states, for that nobleman never had anything to do Rebellion of 1745, but was revived at Standon eight years with the abbey or the church that I am aware of; but after, from which place it was removed to Old Hall, it may be the head of the Duke of Suffolk, to whom the where it yet remains, in 1769. In its earlier days it was a abbey was given for a residence, by royal letters patent, mere lay school; but when the French Revolution swept in the reign of Edward VI., and who, whilst resident away the English colleges on the Continent, Old Hall there, was beheaded for attempting to place his received a large influx from Douay, so that the present daughter, Lady Jane Grey, upon the throne. The college of Old Hall may be said to have a double parenthead was found in 1853 in one of the vaults, in a box of age, the one lay and the other ecclesiastical. Douay oaken sawdust, which, acting as an antiseptic, has was founded in the reign of Elizabeth as a place of marvellously preserved the skin of the face. Thirdly, education for Catholic exiles by Cardinal William Allen, the writer says that the ancient Priory of Holy Trinity a Lancashire man, who had been educated at Oriel was founded by Matilda, Queen of Henry I., in 1108,' College, Oxford. He graduated in arts in 1554, and whereas we know that the abbey (not priory) and its shortly after became head of St. Mary's Hall and a church were built in 1293 by Queen Blanche, widow of canon of York. When Protestantism was established Henry Le Gros, King of Navarre, who afterwards married by Queen Elizabeth he threw up his preferments and Edmund, Earl of Lancaster. The arms of the Queen, went over sea, where at length he founded Douay, which with those of the Earl of Lancaster, are now in our was an important educational centre until 1793. In a vestry. Fourthly, the writer states that on the dissolu- certain shadowy way Douay may be said to have repretion of monasteries by Henry VIII., the priory and its sented the old traditions of Oxford, and to have handed precincts were given to Thomas Audley, Lord Chancellor them on to its daughter Old Hall. of England, who, after pulling down the church, made the place his residence until his death in the year 1554.' These mistakes are even worse than the former ones, for Henry VIII. gave the abbey to the Bishop of Bath and Wells (Dr. John Clerk) for a place of residence, where he died, and was buried in the vaults of our church, though afterwards his body was, for some cause, removed to Aldgate Church. This was the man who took to the Pope

We have seldom met with a fuller or more accurate history of an educational establishment. From the first page to the last Mr. Ward's book overflows with facts, many of which will prove of interest to all personswhatever their form of religious belief-who care for the educational progress which has been so marked a characteristic of the century now closing. The fifth chapter, which gives an account of the sufferings

INDEX.

EIGHTH SERIES.-VOL. III.

[For classified articles, see ANONYMOUS WORKS, BIBLIOGRAPHY, BOOKS RECENTLY PUBLISHED, EPIGRAMS, EPITAPHS,
FOLK-LORE, HERaldry, Proverbs AND PHRASES, QUOTATIONS, SHAKSPEARIANA, and SONGS AND BALLADS.]