Contains rotating element of generator and shaft shown in No. 27. Note housing over extended shaft and use of band iron." Case complete weighs 33,200 lbs.

Courtesy of General Electric Co. (29 and 30) PACKING OF X-RAY TUBE. (31) FIRST STEPS IN PACKING TRANSFORMER LEAD. tube. (Left) Shows tube suspended in cotton ticking ribbons drawn up to engage spring sides of case. Crate containing X-Ray Note fan extensions at bottom to indicate position in which crate should ride, also handle at top. (Right) Note that in the packing of transformer lead, partitions A, B, and C are fastened against a metal shoulder.

(Center)

absorbing qualities, these sides being made of about 14inch lumber. As evidence of the success of this packing, it may be said that about 4,000 of these X-ray tubes were shipped overseas during the last year of the World War with resulting breakage amounting to only about onetenth of 1 per cent.

Partitions Inside Cases.-Cross partitioning is a feature which provides protection to the contents of cases. These partitions can be either lateral or longitudinal and should be fixed in position by nailing, either through the sides or the ends of the case. This method prevents the contents of the case from surging, for when the case gets a severe jar on one end, cross partitions prevent the blow imparted by the whole weight of the contents being delivered to the articles at the bottom. Partitions also add strength and rigidity to the case.

A good example of the commonest way in which partitions may be used in export packing cases is to be noted in photograph No. 31, page 100, which shows the packing of a transformer lead made of porcelain and metal, the metal section being a sleeve shown between partitions A and B. The balance of the lead is made up of sections of porcelain fastened together by cement. The section from partition C to the end of the case is a glass globe or oil indicator, the center of this lead being filled with oil. This lead weighs about 700 pounds net. It could not be handled in a horizontal position without protection, for otherwise it would break of its own weight. Partitions A, B and C are fastened against a metal shoulder which prevents the lead from moving. Other forms of packing to guard against the shifting of machines inside of cases are to be noted in many of the accompanying photographs. Note, for example, in No. 1, page 11, that in addition to bolting the machine to the skid, it is blocked both longitudinally and laterally so as to relieve from a shearing strain the bolts holding the machine to the skid. Similar protection is notable in photograph No. 8, page 22, in which attention may be drawn to the fact that the shaft is blocked at the end, the block

being fastened through the outside of the box. In photograph No. 18, page 52, attention is called to the five sets of braces equally spaced around the piece, engaging the piece at the center where it is strongest and extending to each side of the case. This will be securely nailed through the side of the case in order to provide a support for the piece, and prevent the throwing of severe leverage on the bolts which fasten the load to the skid, in the event that the case happens to be turned on its side during transportation. Photograph No. 24, page 93, shows an armature clamped in place and wedged at each end. Very valuable hints are to be found in photograph No. 27, page 94. It should be noted that in addition to the cradle which supports the body of the field, bearings are also provided under the shaft on each side close to the field and a further bearing is provided at the end of the extended shaft, which is simply a balancing bearing and carries no weight. The blocking on each side of the field, providing the bearings, is held in position by angular braces on the outside and, being wedged on the inside between the field body and this blocking, makes the entire container and its contents a solid mass and prevents any movement of the field in the container. Attention is called to the character of these angular braces on the outside. They are let into the skid at the toe and at the other end support the wall of the cribbing and the timber, providing the bearing for the shaft, with crow foot construction. These are securely nailed at the ends but since this photograph was taken the experience of the manufacturer has shown that it is necessary further to fasten these braces and this has been accomplished by scabbing the toe to the skid. The scab consists of a one inch or one and a quarter inch board nailed over the joint which engages the brace and the skid.

Floating Fragile Material.-Delicate apparatus can often to advantage be packed in a lightly constructed case and this case "floated" in excelsior or other packing material inside of an outer case. This very effective cushion of excelsior between the inner and the outer case

should be made of a thickness to correspond with the nature and weight of the contents.

An illustration of how fragile materials may be carefully packed in a case which is then "floated" inside of an outside container, should be carefully studied. In photograph No. 32, page 105, the manner in which the contents of the inner case is protected from shifting has already been described under "partitions." This case is enclosed in an outer case as shown in the photograph with a cushion of excelsior about 5 inches thick on all sides, ends, top and bottom. Other ways in which fragile goods receive adequate packing are illustrated in photograph No. 29, page 100, which so far as the cotton ticking ribbon supports are concerned has been already described under the heading of "shock absorbers." It is further notable (see also photograph No. 30, page 100), that the crate is of very light construction so that any jar imparted by handling would be more like the blow of a tack hammer than the blow of a sledge hammer, as it might be in case the crate were made of heavier lumber and the weight increased. A point to be carefully observed in the packing of apparatus of this character is to make the case as light as possible consistent with the safe carrying of the apparatus.

No Loose Small Parts.-Wrenches, accessories, other tools or small parts are often enclosed in the case with a machine. These, however, should always be securely fastened, because they are likely to do severe damage due to their movement inside the case during transportation and handling.

The best method is to place these small parts in a box and then to have the box, not only nailed, but also fastened by band iron to the skid or the inside of the box. Heavy boxes should be both spiked and strapped to the skid. The lighter boxes should be nailed and strapped to the sides, end or top.

The accompanying photographs, No. 34, page 106, and No. 36, page 111, illustrate in a general way the fashion in which parts may be packed in cases contain