Normal School. There is a State Normal School at Winona, to which the State has contributed $5000 for buildings and makes an annual grant of $1500 to $2000 for support. Two others are authorized whenever the citizens of any town or city in the State shall raise $5000 or more towards the erection of buildings for them, the State offering to grant that sum in addition for the same purpose. Charitable Institutions.-There are none of these as yet in operation, though several have been projected. The erection of a Deaf and Dumb Institution was commenced at Faribault in 1859 or 1860, but we have no information of its completion. A hospital for the insane has also been projected and, we believe, a grant of land made for it. State Prison.-This prison is at Stillwater. John S. Proctor is Warden. The State expenditure for it in 1861 was $6668, and the Auditor reported on the 1st of December, 1861, a deficiency due the prison of $2000. His estimate of the expenses for 1862 was $3050. Criminal Statistics.-The Commissioner of Statistics, Hon. J. A. Wheelock, in his report of 1860, gave the number of indictments (partly estimated) at 122; convictions, 44; cases undecided, 60. The insecurity of the jails and the difficulty of arresting criminals in a sparsely-settled country had something to do, doubtless, with this small proportion of crimes; but the population of Minnesota was largely composed of the more intelligent and virtuous class of emigrants, and is undoubtedly above the average of new States in morality. GENERAL STATISTICS OF THE STATE.-Minnesota established a Bureau of Statistics in February, 1860. The Commissioner made his second report in 1862, and embodied in it a considerable portion of the statistics of the U.S. Census, as well as a large amount of other valuable statistical information in relation to the State. The following items show the quantity of some of the crops of 1860 (one year later than the census returns). Wheat, 230,315 acres cultivated, 5,101,432 bushels produced, or an average of 22.05 bushels per acre; oats, 68,714 acres, 2,912,857 bushels, an average of 42.39 bushels per acre; corn, 88,126 acres, 3,143,577 bushels, or 35.67 bushels per acre; potatoes, 16,687 acres, 2,303,308 bushels, or 138 bushels per acre; sorghum, 159 acres, 11,830 gallons of syrup, or 72.5 gallons per acre. The number of pounds of butter made was 2,839,500; of cheese, 186,527; of wool grown, 19,306; value of slaughtered animals, $480,162. The number of horses was 16,879; of neat-cattle, 106,009; of swine, 104,479; d sheep, 12,595; value of live stock, $3,210,769. The total capital employed in agriculture in 1860 (including value of farms, farming-implements, and live stock) was $21,241,754; and the value of the animal products, $6,748,707,-over 29 per cent. ca the capital invested. The manufacturing industry and resources d the State are well illustrated in Commissioner Wheelock's Report. Iron and coal of great purity and excellence exist in the State in large quertities, and, when developed, can be furnished in market at much less than present rates. Roofing and writing slates, a fine white sandstone adapted to the manufacture of the best qualities of flint glass, limestone for building-purposes, and the production of lime and cement, clay for a brick of the same quality and color as the celebrated Milwaukee brick, and still better adapted for pottery, and porcelain clay of excellent quality. Twelve salt springs of remarkable strength of brine, yielding a bushel of salt to 24 gallons of brine, are owned by the State. The lumber trade of the State is already large, and is increasing with great rapidity. The number of feet of pine logs scaled in two of the four lumber districts (which, however, comprised about 85 per cent. of the pine-lumber trade of the State) in 1861 was 92,590,528; and the amount of pine lumber manufactured during the year in the pine-lumber dis-able promptness. On the first call for threetricts was 69,950,000 feet. Over 15,000,000 feet of hard-wood lumber was also sawed during the year. There were in the State 21 establishments for making shingles, sash, blinds, doors, &c. These employed a capital of $75,000, and turned out goods to the value of $66,088; 29 furniture-manufactories, employing a capital of $47,000, produced furniture of the value of $63,269; 29 establishments for the manufacture of agricultural implements and vehicles, employing a capital of $33,750, produced goods of the value of $49,390; 85 flour-mills, employing a capital of $582,900, produced $1,310,431 worth of flour and meal. The value of brewery and distillery products was about $80,000; the value of butcher's products, set down at $242,356, is, according to the Commissioner, much below the truth; tanneries produced $11,400; the boot and shoe manufacture, $133,395; saddlery, $41,003; tin and sheet-iron manufactures, $83,292; foundries, $33,240; and miscellaneous manufactures, $36,045. The total capital invested in manufactures was $2,320,380, and the value of the annual product $4,295,208. The exports of wheat in 1861 were about 3,000,000 bushels; of lumber and logs, 52,237,870 feet; of ginseng, 265,000 lbs., worth about $106,000; of furs, $280,000 value; of hides, $50,000 value; grain other than wheat, 250,000 bushels; potatoes, 50,000 bushels; wool, 40,000 lbs. ; butter, 50,000 lbs.; cranberries, 10,000 bushels. The Contribution of Minnesota to the Volunteer Army.-Though so young a State, and with a small and scattered population, Minnesota has furnished her quotas for the war with remark months men she sent one full regiment of 930 men, who did good service at Bull Run and elsewhere; and she has since raised 10,957 men for three years or the war, viz.: 10 regiments of infantry, numbering... 9,065 1,485 212 195 10,957 making the entire force sent into the field, from a population of less than 200,000 inhabitants, 11,887 men, or about one-eighth of the entire male population of the State. Her regiments have been conspicuous for daring and good conduct, and her officers have been among the most efficient of those of the West. XXXII. KANSAS. Organized as a Territory, May, 1854. Admitted into the Union, January 29, 1861. Capital, Topeka. Area, 80,000 square miles. Population, 1860, 107,206. JUDICIARY. The judges of the Supreme Court are elected for six years; the judges of District Courts, for four years. The valuation of the State în 1860, according to the Census, was $31,327,895, and the State valuation the same year was-real estate, $16,088,602; personal property, $6,429,630. The State has been so recently admitted into the Union, and has been so constantly involved in border frays and civil war since the commencement of its territorial and State existence, that it has had neither the opportunity nor resources for thoroughly organizing the school system or the charitable institutions which are a part of the organic life of the other States. It had in 1860 one bank, with $52,000 capital, $48,256 loans, $8,268 specie, $8,895 circulation, and $2,695 deposits, but we believe this has wound up. It has several projected, but as yet no completed, railroad. It has made a beginning in the way of education. Four colleges have been chartered, and one of them at least is moderately well endowed. Two are sustained by the Methodists, one by the Congregationalists, and one by the Roman Catholics. There are as yet no professional schools in the State. The land-grants (16th and 36th sections) made to every new State for the support of schools have furnished the means for the maintenance of public schools in the larger towns; and there are many good academies and private schools. In its facilities for popular education it is probably, notwithstanding its constant troubles, as well provided as most of the new States. There is as yet no institution for deaf-mutes or the blind, and no hospital for the insane; but these will come in time. Some provision has been made for a convict prison, but we believe the buildings are not yet completed. Census Statistics.-The State had in 1860 but 372,835 acres of improved land in farms, yet its farms had a cash value of $11,394,184, and its farming implements and machinery were worth $675,336. Its area is larger than that of Missouri, and but little smaller than that of Minnesota; and it has a large amount of arable land. Its population is larger than that of Oregon, and, when it can enjoy peace, will undoubtedly rapidly increase. It has made a fair beginning in manufactures, having in 1860 produced goods to the value of $2,800,000,-an amount greatly increased since that time. Contributions of Kansas to the Volunteer Army. -The experience of the State in border warfare had disciplined her citizens for the contest so suddenly sprung upon the nation, and she has sent into the field in proportion to her population a larger number of volunteer troops, many of them cavalry, than any other State in the Union. The exact number is not known; but it exceeds 14,000 in a population of 107,206. XXXIII. CALIFORNIA. Settled in 1769. Ceded to United States in 1848. Admitted into the Union in 1850. Capital, Sacra. mento. Area, 188,982 square miles. Population, 1860, 379,994, of whom 23,348 are Chinese and Mexican half-breeds, and 14,555 Indians. The justices of the Supreme Court are elected table below, but the' amendments of the Constituby the people for six years, and are so classified tion adopted recently provide that the term of that one goes out of office every two years. The office of the judges of the Supreme Court, the senior judge in office is the Chief-Justice. The district judges, and the county judges shall expire judges were elected for the terms specified in the January 1, 1864. Terms.-Sacramento, first Monday in January, April, July, and October. 66 1864 4,000 66 1864 Fees. Reporter... 4,000 66 1864 Fees. Outstanding bonds issued under Act 28 April, 1857.. Outstanding bonds issued under Act 30 April, 1860............................................................................................................................... ..$3,727,500 00 197,500 00 346,614 61 $4,271,714 61 Annual interest on funded debt....................................... $274,750 00 $167,235 68 |