And if any person, being guilty of any of the offences aforesaid, while in the military service of the United States, receives his discharge, or is dismissed from the service, he shall continue to be liable to be arrested and held for trial and sentence by a court-martial, in the same manner and to the same extent, as if he had not received such discharge nor been dismissed.

Title XV.-The Navy.-Ch. 10.

* *

the United

Sec. 1624, Art. 14. Fine and imprisonment, or such Certain other punishment as a court-martial may adjudge, shall crimes of be inflicted upon any person in the naval service of fraud against the United States- * * * who enters into any States. agreement or conspiracy to defraud the United States 2d March, by obtaining, or aiding others to obtain, the allowance 1863, c. 67, 2 or payment of any false or fraudulent claim; or, * 1, v. 12, p. 696 and if any person, being guilty of any of the offences Agreement to described in this article while in the naval service, ment of false receives his discharge, or is dismissed from the service, claim. he shall continue to be liable to be arrested and held 2d March, for trial and sentence by a court-martial, in the same 1863, c. 67, % 2, v. 12, p. manner as if he had not received such discharge or been dismissed.

THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS RELATE TO CONSPIRACIES
AGAINST CIVIL RIGHTS:

Title XXIV.-Civil Rights.

obtain pay

697.

Sec. 1980. First. If two or more persons in any Conspiracy. State or Territory conspire to prevent, by force, intimi. 31st July, dation, or threat, any person from accepting or holding 1861, c. 33, v. 12, p. 284. any office, trust, or place of confidence, under the United 20th April, States, or from discharging any duties thereof; or to 1871, c. 22, 8 induce by like means any officer of the United States 2, v. 17, p. 13. to leave any State, district, or place, where his duties as 1st March, 1875, c. 114, 2 an officer are required to be performed, or to injure him 2, v.18, p. 336. in his person or property on account of his lawful discharge of the duties of his office, or while engaged in the lawful discharge thereof; or to injure his property so as to molest, interrupt, hinder, or impede him in the discharge of his official duties;

Second. If two or more persons in any State or Territory conspire to deter, by force, intimidation, or threat, any party or witness in any Court of the United States from attending any such court, or from testifying to any matter pending therein, freely, fully, and truthfully, or to injure such party or witness in his person or property

Action for

neglect to

on account of his having so attended or testified, or to influence the verdict, presentment, or indictment of any grand or petit juror in any such court, or to injure such juror in his person or property on account of any verdict, presentment, or indictment lawfully assented to by him, or of his being or having been such juror; or if two or more persons conspire for the purpose of impeding, hindering, obstructing, or defeating in any manner, the due course of justice in any State or Territory, with intent to deny to any citizen the equal protection of the laws, or to injure him or his property for lawfully enforcing, or attempting to enforce, the right of any person, or class of persons, to the equal protection of the laws;

Third. If two or more persons in any State or Territory conspire, or go in disguise on the highway or on the premises of another, for the purpose of depriving, either directly or indirectly, any person or class of persons of the equal protection of the laws, or of equal privileges and immunities under the laws; or for the purpose of preventing or hindering the constituted authorities of any State or Territory from giving or securing to all persons within such State or Territory the equal protection of the laws; or if two or more persons conspire to prevent by force, intimidation, or threat, any citizen who is lawfully entitled to vote, from giving his support or advocacy in a legal manner towards or in favor of the election of any lawfully qualified person as an elector for President or Vice President, or as a member of Congress of the United States; or to injure any citizen in person or property on account of such support or advocacy; in any case of conspiracy set forth in this section, if one or more persons engaged therein do, or cause to be done, any act in furtherance of the object of such conspiracy, whereby another is injured in his person or property, or deprived of having and exercising any right or privilege of a citizen of the United States, the party so injured or deprived may have an action for the recovery of damages, occasioned by such injury or deprivation, against any one or more of the conspirators. [See §§ 563, 629.]

Title XXIV.-Civil Rights.

Sec. 1981. Every person who, having knowledge that any of the wrongs conspired to be done, and mentioned prevent con- in the preceding section, are about to be committed, spiracy. and having power to prevent or aid in preventing the

commission of the same, objects or refuses so to do, if such wrongful act be committed, shall be liable to the party injured, or his legal representatives, for all damages caused by such wrongful act, which such person by reasonable diligence could have prevented; and such damages may be recovered in an action on the case; and any number of persons guilty of such wrongful neglect or refusal may be joined as defendants in the action; and if the death of any party be caused by any such wrongful act and neglect, the legal representatives of the deceased shall have such action therefor, and may recover not exceeding five thousand dollars damages. therein, for the benefit of the widow of the deceased, if there be one, and if there be no widow, then for the benefit of the next kin of the deceased. But no action under the provisions of this section shall be sustained which is not commenced within one year after the cause of action has accrued. [See § 629.]

THE FOLLOWING SECTIONS RELATE TO CONSPIRACIES
AGAINST THE INTERNAL REVENUE:

Title XXXV.-Internal Revenue.-Ch. I.

Sec. 3169. Every officer or agent appointed and act- Officers of ining under the authority of any revenue law of the Uni- ternal reveted States,

nue guilty, &c.

20th July,

Fourth. Who conspires or colludes with any other 1868, c. 186, 3 person to defraud the United States.

*

* Tenth.

98, v. 15, p.

165.

*** Shall be dismissed from office and shall be held to be guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall be fined not less than one thousand dollars, and be imprisoned not less than six months nor more than three years. The Court shall also render judgment against the said officer or agent for the amount of damages sustained in favor of the party injured, to be collected by execution. One-half of the fine so imposed shall be for the use of the United States, and the other half for the use of the informer, who shall be ascertained by the judgment of the Court. [See § 5484.]'

1 Under the above see: U. S. v. McDonald, 3 Dill, 543; U. S. v. McKee, 3 Dill-546, 551; U. S. v. Babcock, 3 Dill, 566, 571, 577, 581.

Liability of persons making false claims

against

United

States.

2d March, 1863, c. 67, 3, v. 12, p. 698.

Power to sup

rection in
violation of
civil rights.
20th April,
1871, c. 22,
3, v. 17, p. 14.

THE FOLLOWING SECTION RELATES TO CONSPIRACIES IN
RELATION TO DEBTS DUE BY OR TO THE UNITED
STATES:

Title XXXVI.-Debts Due by or to the United States.

Sec. 3490. Any person not in the military or naval forces of the United States, or in the militia called into or actually employed in the service of the United States, who shall do or commit any of the acts prohibited by any of the provisions of section fifty-four hundred and thirty-eight, title "Crimes," shall forfeit and pay to the United States the sum of two thousand dollars, and, in addition, double the amount of damages which the United States may have sustained by reason of the doing or committing such act, together with the costs of suit; and such forfeiture and damages shall be sued for in the same suit.

THE FOLLOWING SECTION RELATES TO INSURRECTION:

Title LXIX.-Insurrection.

Sec. 5299. Whenever insurrection, domestic violence, press insnr- unlawful combinations, or conspiracies in any State, so obstructs or hinders the execution of the laws thereof, and of the United States, as to deprive any portion or class of people of such State of any of the rights, privileges, or immunities, or protection, named in the Constitution and secured by the laws for the protection of such rights, privileges, or immunities; and the constituted authorities of such State are unable to protect, or, from any cause, fail in, or refuse protection of the people in such rights, such facts shall be deemed a denial by such State of the equal protection of the laws, to which they are entitled under the Constitution of the United States; and in all such cases, or whenever any such insurrection, violence, unlawful combination, or conspiracy, opposes or obstructs the laws of the United States, or the due execution thereof, or impedes or obstructs the due course of justice under the same, it shall be lawful for the President, and it shall be his duty, to take such measures, by the employment of the militia, or the land and naval forces of the United States, or of either, or by other means, as he may deem necessary, for the suppression of such insurrection, domestic violence, or combinations.

THE FOLLOWING SECTION RELATES TO SEDITIOUS CON

SPIRACIES:

Title LXX.-Crimes.-Ch. II.

Sec. 5336. If two or more persons in any State or Seditious Territory conspire to overthrow, put down, or to de- conspiracy. stroy by force, the Government of the United States, or 31st July, 1861, c. 33, v. to levy war against them, or to oppose by force the au- 12, p. 284, to thority thereof; or by force to prevent, hinder or delay April, 1871, the execution of any law of the United States, or by c. 22, 2, v. force to seize, take or possess any property of the 17, p. 13. United States contrary to the authority thereof; each of them shall be punished by a fine of not less than five hundred dollars and not more than five thousand dollars; or by imprisonment, with or without hard labor, for a period of not less than six months, nor more than six years, or by both such fine and imprisonment. [See §§ 5518, 5520.]1

THE SOLLOWING SECTION RELATES TO CONSPIRACIES TO
CAST AWAY VESSELS:

Title LXX.-Crimes.—Ch. III.

vessel.

Sec. 5364. Every person who, on the high seas, or Conspiracy to within the United States, wilfully and corruptly con- cast away spires, combines, and confederates with any other per- 3d March, son, such other person being either within or without 1825, c. 65, the United States, to cast away or otherwise destroy 23, v. 4, p. any vessel, with intent to injure any person that may 122. have underwritten, or may thereafter underwrite, any policy of insurance thereon, or on goods on board there. of, or with intent to injure any person that has lent or · advanced, or may lend or advance, any money on such vessel on bottomry or respondentia; and every person who, within the United States, builds or fits out, or aids in building or fitting out, any vessel with intent that the same be cast away or destroyed with the intent hereinbefore mentioned, shall be punished by a fine of not more than ten thousand dollars, and by imprisonment at hard labor not more than ten years.2

2

1 Under the above see, In re Impaneling and Instructing the Grand Jury, 26 Fed. Rep., 749, A. D. 1886. A conspiracy to drive the Chinese out of the United States.

2 Under the above see U. S. v. Cole, 5 McLean, 513; U. S. v. Hand, 6 McLean, 274.