covenants ariseth from the self-bind-chadnezzar, &c. Gen. xiv. 13. and ing act of the parties covenanting, xxi. 27. and xxvi. 28. and xxxi. 44. even as the obligation of a law ariseth and xxxiv. &c. The Jews' covenant from the authority of the lawgiver. with death, and agreement with hell, Anciently covenants were made with was their sinful league with the Asgreat solemnity; beasts were slain syrians or Egyptians, or their wicked with awful imprecations, that God dependence on the Romans, that might deal so with the breaker. The made them as secure against hell and scripture alludes to the solemnity of destruction, as if they had been in killing a calf, and rending it asunder, alliance therewith, Isaiah xxviii. 15, and passing between the parts, in 18.

token of a solemn wish, that so God When covenants are between men, might rend in twain the breaker of each party has power to accept or the covenant, Jer. xxxiv. 18. In co-refuse the terms. But, when God venants, there are the parties be- is a party it is inconsistent with his tween whom the agreement is made; grandeur to have the terms propothe condition which, when perform-sed by a creature: nor is it possible, ed, gives right to claim the reward; that what he proposeth, can, without the promise, which secures the re- great sin, be rejected. Immediately ward to him who fulfils the condi- after the flood, God made a covenant tion; and, if a party be fallible, a of safety with Noah and his family, threatening is ordinarily annexed, to and the beasts of the earth; importdeter him from breaking his terms. ing, that the earth should never more The Hebrew BERITH, denotes choos-be drowned with water, and that ing, or friendly parting: as, in cove-day and night, summer and winter, nants, each party, in a friendly man-seed-time and harvest, should, from ner, consented, and so bound him-age to age, return in their order. self to the chosen terms; and because Of this the rainbow was the seal, of the cutting asunder of beasts on Gen. viii. 21, 22. and ix. 9-17. that occasion, the making of cove- Jer. xxxiii. 20, 25. He made a nants is often called a cutting of them. covenant of property with Abraham, In the New Testament, God's cove-importing, that his seed should be nant is called DIATHEKE, or testa- very numerous, and have Canaan for ment, as all its blessings are freely their inheritance. This he confirm bestowed on us. Both words may, ed to Isaac and Jacob; and of this in general, be rendered an INSTITU- circumcision was the seal; for which TION; and this signification will reason it is called the covenant, Gen. answer in every place where the xiii. 15, 16, 17. and xv. 18. and words are found. In scripture, we xvii. 4-9, 13. Psal. cv. 8-11. Neh. read of a variety of covenants be- ix. 8. At Sinai, God made with tween men ; between Abraham, Esh- the Hebrews a national covenant, col, Aner, and Mamre; between importing, that he assumed them Abraham and Abimelech; between for his peculiar people, and gave Isaac and Abimelech; between Ja- them the peaceful and happy enjoycob and Laban; between Jacob's ment of Canaan, on condition of family and the Shechemites; between their obedience to his laws, Exod. Israel and the Gibeonites; between xix-xxiv. Deut. vi. 17-19. The David and Jonathan; between So- commandments which required the lomon and Hiram; between Asa and condition are called God's covenant, Benhadad; between Ahab and Ben-Deut. iv. 13. Psal. xxv. 10. The hadad; between Jekoiada and the Jewish nation, or their religion, are Jewish rulers; between Joash and called the holy covenant: the former his subjects; between Hoshea and were God's peculiar people, and the the Assyrians and Egyptians in their latter exhibited the whole substance turn; between Zedekiah and Nebu- of his covenants with men, Dan. xi.

28. The whole ceremonial service | Christ, he fully forgives it, Isa. Ixi. was a kind of seal of this national 10. Psal. xxxii. 1. Rom. iv. 7. Men covenant, Exod. xxiv. Deut. xxvi. cover their own sin, when they deny, and xxvii. Just before the death of excuse, extenuate, or defend it, Prov. Moses and of Joshua, and in the days xxviii. 13. Job xxxi. 33. Men cover of Asa, Joash, Hezekiah, Josiah, the sins of others, when they forZedekiah, Ezra, and Nehemiah, this give injuries done them, and hinder was solemnly renewed, and the He-the faults of others from being pubbrews devoted themselves to the licly known, Prov. x. 12. and xii. service of God: and herein the 16. and xvii. 9. A man's covering churches of Christ under the gospel his own head, face, or lips, imports ought to imitate them, as God gives shame, grief, and perplexity, Jer. opportunity, Deut. xxix. Josh. xxiv. xiv. 3. 2 Sam. xix. 4. and xv. 30, 2 Chron. xv. and xxiii. and xxix. Ezek. xxiv. 17, 22. and xii. 6. but and xxxiv. Jer. xxxiv. Ezra x. Neh. to have his face covered by another, ix. and x. Isa. xix. 18, 21. 2 Cor. imports condemnation to death, Est. viii. 5. God made a covenant of vii. 8. Seraphims covering their high priesthood with Phinehas, im-face and feet with their wings, are anporting, that, for his zeal in cutting gels and ministers unable to behold off two impudent fornicators, he and the brightness of the divine glory his family should mostly enjoy that that shines in the person and office office, till it should be abolished by of Christ; and blushing at their best the death and resurrection of Christ, | works before him, Isa. vi. 2. To be Numb. xxv. 12, 13. God also made covered with a cloud, anger, shame, a covenant of royalty with David, confusion, horror, ashes, violence, is importing, that he and his family through the anger of the Lord, to be should be kings and governors of reduced to a most wretched and the Hebrews, till the Messiah should shameful condition, and to be punishspring from his loins, and be the ever-ed for oppression of others, Lam. ii. lasting King of his church, 2 Sam. 1. Ezek. vii. 18. Hab. ii. 17. Obad. xvii. Psal. lxxxix. That these cove-10. Psalm 1xxxix. 45. A man's nants were only different dispensa-mouth is covered with violence, when tions of the covenant of mercy, the the obvious punishment of his opMessiah being represented and ex-pression convinces and confounds hibited to the faith of believers, by him, that he has nothing to say for sacrifices and other instituted rites, himself, Prov. x. 6. The waters cois evident to every careful inquirer, ver the sea; they cover the bed or Psal. xl. 7. Heb. x. 7. Marriage is channel of the sea; or the fresh called the covenant of God, as there- waters being lighter, cover the surin, according to his will, persons bind face of the sea, Hab. ii. 14. themselves one to another as in his COVERING, Vail, clothes, roof, presence, Prov. ii. 17. with Mal. ii. 14. Job xxvi. 6. and xxxi. 9. Gen. viii. To COVER, (1.) To hide, Prov. 13. The Jews covered with a xii. 16. (2.) To clothe, 1 Sam. xxviii. covering not of God's Spirit: they 14. (3.) To protect, Psal. xci. 4. depended on the assistance of the (4.) To veil, 1 Cor. xi. 6. (5.) To Egyptians, contrary to the will of inclose, Exod. xxix. 13. God covers God, Isa. xxx. 1. The face coverhimself with a cloud, when he with- ing, and vail spread over all nations, holds the smiles of his presence and is the gross ignorance of the Genprovidence, and manifests his wrath tile world, Isa. XXV. 7. He disand indignation, Lam. iii. 44. God covered the covering of Judah: God covered the Jewish prophets, rulers, exposed their hypocrisy and wickand seers, when he gave them up to edness; and the king of Assyria deignorance and stupidity, Isa. xxix. stroyed their armies, and demolished 10. God covers sin, when, through their walls, Isa. xxii. 8. He is a VOL. I.

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covering of the eyes to thee, and to all 1 Cor. iv. 5. God's council is, (1.) that are with thee; thy husband shall His purpose, Acts iv. 28. Isa. xlv. protect and govern thee and thy fa-10. Psal. xxxiii. 11. (2.) His will mily. But some think the words and doctrine, concerning the way of might be translated, It, the thousand salvation to sinful men, Luke vii. 30. pieces of silver, shall purchase vails to (3.) The direction of his word, the thee, and to all those with thee. Gen. motions of his Spirit, and the guidxx. 16. ance of his providence, Psal. lxxiii. COVERT, (1.) A shady place, 1 24. Rev. iii. 18. To stand in God's Sam. xxv. 20. (2.) A thicket of counsel, is to be familiar with him, trees or shrubs, Job xxxviii. 40. (3.) and know his will and purpose, Jer. Shelter, protection, Psa. Ixi. 4. The xxiii. 18, 22. COUNSELLOR, is one covert of the Sabbath, which Ahaz de- who deliberates about affairs, espe molished, was a place in the court of cially such an one as kings used to the temple, where the royal family advise with, Prov. xi. 14. Ezra. iv. sat to hear the law on the Sabbath; 5. Christ is called a Counsellor; be or a shelter there erected, to defend is possessed of infinite wisdom and the people in a storm, 2 Kings xvi. knowledge, and directs and admon18. He hath forsaken his covert as a isheth his people in every case, Isa. lion: God hath forsaken his city and ix. 6. God's statutes are the saints' temple of Jerusalem; or rather, Ne-counsellors, which they consult, and buchadnezzar hath furiously march-from which they receive direction in ed from Babylon, his capital, or from every hard and difficult case, Psal. his lodging at Riblah, Jer. xxv. 38. cxix. 24.

Jesus Christ is a covert to his peo- To COUNT, reckon, (1.) Tonumple; he protects them from the wrath ber, Lev. xxiii. 15. Ezek. xliv. 26. that is merited, the dominion of sin, (2.) To esteem, judge, Job xix. 15. and the rage of devils and men, Isa. (3.) To impute, place to one's account, iv. 6. and xxxii. 2. Gen. xv. 6. Psa. cvi. 31. Rom. iv.

To COVET, (1.) Sinfully and im- 3. (4.) To reason with one's self, moderately to desire earthly enjoy-and conclude from arguments, Isa. ments, as honour, wealth, pleasure, xxxviii. 13. Rom. vi. 11. and viii. Josh. vii. 21. (2.) To desire earn-18. (5.) To settle an account with estly in a lawful manner, 1 Cor. xii. one, Matt. xviii. 24. See ACCOUNT. 31. COVETOUSNESS, an inordinate COUNTENANCE, (1.) The face desire of earthly things, or of what or visage, 1 Sam. xvi. 7. (2.) Love, belongs to our neighbour. Covet-favour, Gen. xxxi. 5. Belshazzar's ousness is a vice that waxes strong countenance was changed, when, inin old age, when other vices are stead of cheerful, he looked sad and weakened; it can never be satisfied; affrighted, Dan. v. 6. Cain's counit renders men the abhorrence tenance fell, when he looked angry of God, cruel, oppressive, and thiev-and surly, Gen. iv. 5. As by the ish towards neighbours, and it be- show of our countenance, we manitrays the covetous wretch into sins fest our love, hatred, grief, joy, pleaand miseries unnumbered, Psal. x. 3. sure, and anger; the lifting up, or Mic. ii. 2. Deut. xvi. 19. Job xx. 15 shining of God's countenance, denotes -17. Prov. i. 19. 1 Tim. vi. 10. the manifestation of his favour and COULTER, that part of the plough love; and the hiding frown, or rewhich cuts the ground. It is gene-buke of his countenance, denotes the rally of iron, 1 Sam. xiii. 20. manifestation of his anger in just

COUNCIL, a meeting of rulers, judgments, Psal. xliv. 3. and lxxx. to decide pleas, and other affairs, John xi. 47. See SANHEDRIM.

COUNSEL, (1.) Advice, Dan. iv. 27. (2.) A secret purpose or thought,

16. Thou shalt not countenance a poor man in his cause: thou shalt not unjustly pity and favour him on account of his poverty, Exod. xxiii. 3.

COUNTERVAIL, to make up the ly to attend ordinances, and enjoy loss, Esth. vii. 4. God in them, Psalm lxv. 4. and COUNTRY, REGION, (1.) A king- lxxxiv. 2. (2.) COURT signifies a dom or province, Gen. xiv. 7. (2.) king's palace or household, Phil. i. That part of a kingdom or province 13.

which lies without the limits of ci- COURTEOUS, kind, affable, I ties, Isaiah i. 7. (3.) The people Pet. iii. 8. that dwell in a country, Matt. iii. 7. Heaven is called a country, in allusion

COW. See BULLOCK. COZBI, a liar, a daughter of Evi, to Canaan: how extensive its limits! prince of Midian. She, with a numhow wholesome its air of divine in- ber of her country-women, came into fluence! how wide the prospect the camp of the Israelites, to seduce how numerous the privileges and in-them to uncleanness and idolatry; habitants! And it is a better country, and being taken in the very act of as its inhabitants, privileges, exer- adultery with Zimri, the son of Sallu, cises, are far more excellent than any a prince of the Simeonites, Phinehas on earth, Heb. xi. 14, 16. It is a far thrust them both through the belly, in country, very distant from, and un- the moment of their infamous emknown in, our world, Matt. xxi. 33. braces, Numb. xxv. 6—15. and xxv. 14. Luke xix. 12. A state CRACKLING. The laughter of of departure from God, whether of a fool, is like the crackling noise of men in general, or of the Gentile thorns burning; is senseless, base, and world in particular, is called a far of short duration, Eccl. vii. 6. country, Luke xv. 13. A state or CRACKNELS, a sort of hard place of gross ignorance and wick-cakes or buns, 1 Kings xiv. 3. edness, is called the region and sha CRAFT, (1.) Deceit, guile, Dan dow of death, Matt. iv. 16. viii. 25. (2.) Trade, occupation, To COUPLE, to join together, Acts xviii. 3. and xix. 25, 27.— Exod. xxvi. 6. A COUPLE, two, a CRAFTSMAN, is one skilled in some few, 2 Sam. xiii. 6. mechanic trade, Deut. xxvii. 15, Acts xix. 24. CRAFTY, cunning, deceitful, Job v. 12. 2 Cor. xii. 16. CRAG, the top or sharp point of

COURAGEOUS, free from fear, full of boldness and hope, Josh. i. 7. COURSE, (1.) The running of a stream, or the channel where it runs, a rock, Job xxix. 28. Isa. xliv. 4. (2.) Motion, voyage, CRANE, a tall and long-necked journey, Acts xxi. 8. (3.) Success, fowl. Its beak is rather long, but progress, 2 Thess. ii. 1. (4.) Or-shorter than that of the heron. Its der, proper station, Psal. lxxxii. 5. head is cristated, and almost bare. (5.) Turn of service, 2 Chron. v. 1. The claw of the middle toe is not (6.) Class of priests appointed to serrated. Cranes are of three kinds; serve in a particular order or turn, 1. The common ones, whose weight Luke i. 5. (7.) Common manner, or is about ten or twelve pounds, and practice, Eph. ii. 2. (8.) The busi- their length, from the toe to the ness appointed for persons, whether beak, about five feet; their beak of ministers or others, 2 Tim. iv. 7.a greenish black, long and pointed; Acts xiii. 25. their wings large; their legs and COURT, (1.) An inclosed part of feet black, with long toes; their the entrance into a palace, house, or wind-pipe runs far down the breast, tent, Esth. v. 1. Jer. xxxviii. 6. The and then returns at the same pastabernacle had one court, the temple sage, and descends to the lungs. two, where the priests or Israelites They live on grain, and their flesh is assembled to worship God; and in very delicate. 2. The Indian cranes, allusion to which, the places of public which are smaller, but their beak worship are called God's courts; longer, their tail short, and a rough and to dwell in his courts, is frequent-red skin on. the top of their head.

3. Majorca cranes, having a crest earth created, in the opinion of like hog's bristles on the crown of those who deny that God made the their head. Cranes have a loud chaos. 3. Although matter may be voice, and before winter, remove the subject in producing a thing, yet with the storks, and return in the that thing may not depend on matspring; but where they spend the ter either with respect to its future cold season we know not. Heze- or present existence; such is the kiah, in his sickness, chattered as a human soul, for although it is creatcrane er swallow, Isa. xxxviii. 14. ed in pre-existing matter, it is not The Jews were more stupid than created out of pre-existing matter, cranes, storks, and turtles; they but of nothing, and therefore it is knew not the proper season of duty. noways dependent on matter for exJer. viii. 7. istence. But as these distinctions CRASHING, a noise occasioned are subjects whereon it is not our by treading down, breaking, or just-business to dwell, we shall give the ling. The great crashing from the Mosaic account of the creation of the hills, was the noise of the breaking world, which is to the following down of the temple, or palaces purpose. erected on hills, in Jerusalem, Zeph. i. 10.

CRAVE, earnestly to desire or request. A man's mouth craveth his labour; he is obliged to labour, that he may have wherewith to satisfy his craving appetite, Prov. xvi. 26.

In the beginning God created the heaven and the earth, Gen. i. 1, &c. The earth, after its immediate crea tion, was for some time a promiscuous, dark fluid, and unformed chaos or mass of matter, which God, in the space of six days, disposed and reTo CREATE, (1.) To make things duced into the present form of the from nothing, Gen. i. 1. (2.) To world; his Spirit moving or broodform things from unfit matter, Gen. ing over the surface of the water or

21. and ii. 19. (3.) To implant fluid matter, to influence and actuate graces and endowments where they the same. The first thing that apwere not, Eph. ii. 10. (4.) To re-peared in consequence of the Almighcover the heart from apostacy, and ty fiat, was light, the separation of cleanse it from great pollution, Psa. which from the darkness was the . 10. (5.) To bring things about work of the first day. Then God in the course of providence, Isa. xlv. made an expansion ypr Rakiah (and 7. (6.) To restore to vigour, Psa. not a firmament, as our English transeiv. 30. lators have rendered it from the CREATION, the producing some- Greek interpreters) in the midst of thing out of nothing, which strictly the waters, to divide the waters and properly speaking is the effect above from the waters below; which of the power of God alone, all other expansion Moses calls heaven, and creations being only transformations this was the second day's work. On or change of shape. Creation, say the third day, God caused the earth the schoolmen, from no pre-existing to be drained, and the waters to be subject, may be understood in dif- gathered together, chiefly into one ferent senses: First, that is said to great receptacle or the ocean, wherebe created out of no pre-existing upon the dry land appeared, after matter, in the production of which which the earth produced all sorts no matter is employed, as an angel. of plants, herbs, and trees, bearing 2. Although matter may be employ- their several seeds and fruits, accorded in the production of a thing, it ing to their various kinds. The may be so produced, as that both its fourth day, God made the sun and matter and form are caused by the moon, and placed them in the heasame agent, at the same time. In ven to illuminate the earth, to distinthis manner were the heaven and guish between day and night, and di