Imágenes de páginas
PDF
EPUB
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]
[merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][ocr errors][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small][merged small]

Note: Data Element 8 is not included above (e.g. ISSN or Coden).

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION,
New York, N.Y., March 27, 1975.

To: Working Group Conference on Resolution of Copyright Issues.
From: Committee to Compare Variable Pricing and Transaction or Usage
Charges.

The Committee (J. K. Burgess, R. L. Kenyon, S. A. McCarthy and F. E. McKenna) met on Mar 24, 1975 at the American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C. (10:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.).

This report is presented in 4 major sections:

A. Definitions

B. Caveat re Information Available

C. Variable Pricing

Advantages

Disadvantages

D. Transaction or Usage Charges

Advantages

Disadvantages

A. Definitions:

1. Variable Pricing. This should refer to any system under which separate prices may be established by the publisher for each serial1 or periodical for various classes of customer. The price set for a particular class of customer could be based on the subscriber's status or could relate to the usage of the material, such as for a library not carrying out photocopying activities, a library doing modest photocopying or a library doing a large amount of photocopying.

2. Transaction or Usage Charges.-This should refer to any method by which royalties or payments are directly related to individual instances of photocopying or duplicating material by any means. Such royalties or payments will be according to a specified charge per unit. (These royalties or payments may vary from publication to publication and would be established by the publisher; the royalty charges established for the copying of a particular item or unit would be the same for all libraries.) The transaction or usage charges are independent of any subscription price charged by a publisher.

1 The definition of "serial" is being considered by another Committee; and the WG has not yet reached a consensus on the types of serials to be covered. This footnote applies to each use of the word, "serial," in this document.

B. Caveat re Information Available:

In order to place the advantages and disadvantages of both procedures above in better perspective, this Committee is aware of the absence of certain necessary information and the need for some study of the impact of both systems on the future operations of libraries, on the business of publishers, and on the dissemination of knowledge. The advantages and disadvantages as listed do not necessarily imply their relative importance.

C. Variable Pricing-Advantages:

(1) Libraries would know, in advance, their cost of serials for budgeting

purposes.

(2) If limited to a single varied price level; the varied subscription rate could be collected/paid to a normal subscription agency.

(3) Libraries would not be called upon to do any additional work or record keeping.

(4) Libraries would not need to distinguish between types of material being photocopied-provided that all subscriptions placed by a library were at the price-level applicable to photocopying.

(5) Would cost the least administratively for both publisher and libraries. (6) Publishers would receive revenue which they might otherwise not receive from unsupervised copying machines.

Variable Pricing-Disadvantages:

(1) Prices of subscriptions to libraries under a variable pricing policy would, by and large, undergo greater increases than they would under a transaction system.

(2) If multiple levels of pricing-according to photocopying usage anticipated or intended-were in effect, both publisher and library would be involved in some analysis (perhaps statistical sampling) of the amount of copying: (a) The publisher so as to set appropriate rates; and

(b) The library so as to determine at what rate they would select for a subscription.

(3) If there were more than one level of pricing, subscriptions and payments might not be handled by a subscription agency.

(4) Even if only one additional or separate level were instituted (that is a normal rate for libraries or users without intended photocopying, and one rate for those with intended photocopying), this would in smaller or more specialized libraries make it necessary for the library photocopier to know for which periodicals the photocopying rate had been paid and for which it had not been paid, and cause additional work with regard to requests for photocopying of periodicals for which the higher rate had not been paid.

(5) Cause additional work for both publisher and librarian if the publisher is to know the extent of photocopying either within a particular library or of a particular serial,' assuming that such information be made available.

(6) Without statistical information make it impossible for publishers to judge the financial success of a particular journal.

(7) There is no necessary relation between the subscription price and the amount of photocopying. Therefore a single photocopying subscription price causes libraries preparing few photocopies to subsidize those libraries preparing many photocopies. Some publishers may be undercompensated and other publishers may be overcompensated.

(8) Payment would be required "in front," i.e. as payment when the subscription is started or renewed.

(9) Would eliminate applicability of "fair use."

(10) The publisher may establish prices that are so high as to restrict usage of the material.

D. Transaction or Usage Charges-Advantages:

(1) Payment for photocopying usage would be directly related to the amount of copying done.

(2) Publishers would know exactly how financially successful certain serials1 or periodicals were.

(3) Small, occasional usage libraries would not subsidize the larger, big user type of library.

(4) The exact costs would be known to the library unit by unit.

(5) It is anticipated that a reduction in numbers of subscribers to a particular serial when offset by income from extended usage by photocopying would tend

1 The definition of "serial" is being considered by another Committee: and the WG has not yet reached a consensus on the types of serials to be covered. This footnote applies to each use of the word "serial" in this document.

to limit price increases; that only those serials with a reduction in total income (subscriptions and photocopying) would require price increases-other than those due to increased costs.

(6) This method would require no work on the part of subscription agencies or subscription departments of publishers.

(7) Since the charges for photocopying would be specified item by item, the costs incurred in this part of a library's budget could be determinable.

(8) It is possible that libraries could obtain other useful by-products from any mechanism necessary for this method.

(9) Libraries would know for which serials 1 or periodicals photocopying privileges are available.

(10) Payment would not be required "in front," i.e. it would be charged after the event.

(11) This method would lend itself to some reduction in unit charges to high usage libraries when a certain volume was reached.

Transaction or Usage Charges-Disadvantages

(1) Additional record-keeping would be required by libraries: minimally-so far as the publisher is concerned-the making of a second copy of the first page or other record to be sent to a clearing house. So far as the library's own requirements are concerned-depending on method of audit or record keeping— a further copy or other record may be required internally.

(2) In large or complex library organizations, correct reporting, and verification of payments, etc. will impose a burden on such libraries.

(3) The person making the copy would have to distinguish between royaltypayable and royalty-not-payable types of material.

(4) Problems will arise in regard to the making of copies of only sections of an article; and the method of computing charges would require definition. (5) The library would initially not be able to estimate its budgeting requirements.

(6) The clearing house or other authority would have to establish a library account number.

(7) There would be substantial administrative costs which would diminish the income to publishers unless offset by increased charges to libraries.

(8) The method requires clarification of "fair use" so as not to eliminate the concept of "fair use."

(9) The publisher may establish prices that are so high as to restrict usage of material.

SPECIAL LIBRARIES ASSOCIATION,

New York, April 1, 1975.

To: Working Group Conference on Resolution of Copyright Issues From: Committee to Consider Definition of Serials (Periodicals). The Committee (J. Barsky, Mr. Harris, J. Marke and F. E. McKenna) met for the second time on March 31, 1975 at Special Libraries Association, New York (2:15-4:15 p.m.).

The first meeting of the committee had brought to light differences in usage regarding words such as "serials” and “periodicals" in the library community and in the publishing community. At the second meeting consideration focussed on finding a definition that already had been recognized in a national or international effort for standardizations-with such adjustments that would appear to be appropriate for copyright discussions.

The American National Standards Institute (ANSI formerly USASI) had adopted and published American National Standard ANSI Z39.9-1971, "Identification Number for Serial Publications." This number is referred to as SSN (Standard Serial Number). Thru the cooperation of ANSI and ISO (International Organization for Standardization), the addition of a code for the country of publication converts the SSN to ISSN (International Standard Serials Number). The ISSN is a series parallel to the ISBN for books. For a more detailed discussion of the evolution, adoption and use of ISSN, there is attached as Appendix A a copy of p. xi-xiii (as well as p. vii) from Irregular Serials & Annuals, 2d ed. Bowker, N. Y. 1972.

For additional background there is attached as Appendix B a copy of p. vii of Ulrich's International Periodicals Directory 15th ed., 1973-1974, Bowker, N.Y. 1973.

1 The definition of "serial" is being considered by another Committee; and the WG has not yet reached a consensus on the types of serials to be covered. This footnote applies to each use of the word "serial" in this document.

A copy of ANSI Z39.9–1971 is attached to this report as Appendix C. Explanatory material is presented in the Foreword (p. 3 & 5). A footnote on p. 3 indicates that the definition of "serial" used is from Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, Chicago, ALA. 1967. p. 346.

The definition as presented on p.5 of ANSI Z39.9–1971 is:

Serial. A publication issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely.

The above definition in the ANSI Standard is the first of two sentences in the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (p.346):

Serial. A publication issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations and intended to be continued indefinitely. Serials include periodicals, newspapers, annuals (reports, yearbooks, etc.), the journals, memoirs, proceedings, transactions, etc., of societies, and numbered monographic series.

The committee considered the two statements above and agreed to modifications of the AAC definition by two subtractions and one addition. The committee presents to the Working Group the following:

Recommendation 1.—That the following definition of serial be accepted for use in discussions of the Working Group:

Serial. A publication issued in successive parts bearing numerical or chronological designations, which is intended to be continued indefinitely and which is identified by an ISSN. Serials include periodicals, newspapers, and the journals, memoirs, proceedings, transactions, etc. of societies. Serials are subject to subscription prices paid in advance. (This eliminates publications that appear annually or less frequently.)

Recommendation 2.-That the Working Group recommend the use of the above definition to the Conference.

During the committee's discussions, it was recognized that whatever definition or variant is agreed on at this time, that of necessity the definition may have to be changed from time to time to reflect on-going changes by both publishers and librarians, as well as to reflect experience gained from whatever initial steps are attempted.

APPENDIX A

INTERNATIONAL STANDARD SERIAL NUMBERING (ISSN)

Since publication of the first edition of Irregular Serials and Annuals in 1967, significant movements toward standardization have been implemented. These changes provide for more efficient compilation, storage, and dissemination of serials bibliographic data. Chief among these changes is the introduction of the International Standard Serial Numbers, which have been assigned to titles listed in the Bowker Serials Bibliography.

BACKGROUND

The Standard Serial Numbering (SSN) plan was prepared by Subcommittee 20 of the American National Standards Institute Committee Z39 on standardization in the field of library work, documentation, and related publishing practices. Committee Z39, organized under the procedures of the American National Standards Institute (ASNI), is sponsored by the Council of National Library Associations.

SSN AND ISSN

At the 1970 Oslo meeting, the International Organization for Standardization Technical Committee 46 (ISO/TC 46), Working Group No. 1, approved the present Z39 SSN as the basis for an international standard serial numbering (ISSN). The ISO/TC 46 plenary meeting in Lisbon, May 1971, approved this recommendation.

Following this meeting, ISO/TC 46 assigned a block of ISSN numbers to the United States; the R. R. Bowker Company's Serials Bibliography file was selected as the starting point for the implementation of the ISSN.

The SSN was formally approved and published by ANSI as Identification Number for Serial Publications, (Z39.9–1971, $2.25 per copy). The ISSN, though approved, has not yet been published by ISO/TC 46. However, for practical purposes, in order to avoid later changes in the format (this occurred when the SBN became the ISBN), and in order to conform to the content of the Bowker Serials Bibliography, which is international, the abbreviation used from the beginning will be ISSN.

« AnteriorContinuar »