CHAPTER IV. MEDIATION DECLINED

The Emperor of France Proposes Mediation, January

9, 1863. Reply of Mr. Seward Declining to Entertain

His Proposal. Passages from Confederate Archives

Throwing Light on This Subject. Mr. Benjamin, Con-

federate Secretary of State, Offers Money for Media-

tion. Mr. Slidell's Conversations with the Emperor.

Unfriendliness of European Diplomats to the United

States Government. M. Mercier. Lord Lyons. His

Letter, Predicting the Failure of the North. Resolu-

tions of Congress

CHAPTER V. SIGNS OF THE TIMES

Hunter's Order of Military Emancipation. The Con-

dition of His Department. Organization of the Blacks.

Hunter's Experiment with Negro Soldiers. Lincoln

Revokes Hunter's Order. Congressional Antislavery

Enactments. The Army Forbidden to Return Fugi-

tive Slaves. Virtual Amendment of the Fugitive-Slave

Law. Act for the Recognition of Hayti and Liberia.

Act for the Suppression of the African Slave-trade.

Execution of Gordon, the Slave-trader. Prohibition

of Slavery in the Territories. Act Abolishing Slavery

in the District of Columbia. Provisions of the Con-

fiscation Act, Emancipating Slaves. Provisions for

Emancipation through Military Service. Lincoln's

Draft of Veto Message on the Confiscation Act. Lin-

coln's Second Appeal to the Border State Representa-

tives

68

90

CHAPTER VI. EMANCIPATION PROPOSED AND POST-

PONED

Lincoln's Interest in the Richmond Campaign. Mc-
Clellan's Cry of Despair. Lincoln's Letter to Seward,
"I Expect to Maintain this Contest," etc. His Letter
to the Loyal Governors, Asking Reënforcements.
Correspondence About a Call for Troops. Call for
Three Hundred Thousand Volunteers. The Policy of
Emancipation Decided upon. Lincoln's Interview with
Seward and Welles. Cabinet Discussion about Arming

Negroes. Lincoln reads the First Draft of the Eman-
cipation Proclamation. Discussion of the Measure.
Emancipation Proclamation Postponed .

McClellan's Army at Antietam. Lincoln's Orders.

Lee's Purpose in Invading Maryland. The March of

McClellan. He Finds Lee's Orders. The Battle of

South Mountain. McClellan's Procrastination. The

Battle of Antietam. Straggling on Both Sides. Lee

Retreats across the Potomac. Lincoln's Disappoint-

ment

CHAPTER VIII. EMANCIPATION ANNOUNCED

Defeat instead of Victory. Political Embarrassments.
Lincoln's Letter to Reverdy Johnson. His Letter to
Bullitt. Greeley's Open Letter to Lincoln. Lincoln's
Reply to Greeley. Effect of Pope's Defeat. Lincoln's
Sensitiveness to Criticism. His Reply to a Chicago
Deputation. "The Pope's Bull against the Comet."
The Antietam Victory. An Important Cabinet Meet-
ing. The Preliminary Emancipation Proclamation.
The President Serenaded. The Altoona Meeting of
Governors. Their Address to the President. The
Proclamation Analyzed. The Fall Elections

CHAPTER IX. THE REMOVAL OF MCCLELLAN
McClellan's Delay after Antietam. The President Vis-
its his Camp. "McClellan's Body-Guard." Lincoln
Orders a Forward Movement. McClellan's Excuses.
Stuart Rides around the Union Army. McClellan's
Action in Regard to the Emancipation Proclamation.
The President Gives McClellan a Plan of Campaign.
McClellan Crosses the Potomac. Allows Lee to Get in
his Front. Headquarters Disloyalty. McClellan Re-
moved. Lord Lyons's Comment

CHAPTER X. FREDERICKSBURG

Burnside appointed to Command the Army of the Po-

tomac. His Characteristics. Transfers the Army to

113

. 131

147

173

Fredericksburg. His Plan of Battle. He Crosses the

Rappahannock. The Battle of Fredericksburg. Frank-

lin's Fight. Sumner and Hooker Assault Marye's

Heights. Defeat of the Union Army. Burnside With-

draws his Force across the River. Gloom and Depres-

sion in the Army. The "Mud March." Burnside's

Order Dismissing some of his Generals. Disapproved

by Lincoln, who Relieves Burnside

CHAPTER XI. FINANCIAL MEASURES.

Evarts's Eulogy of Chase. Low Credit of the Govern-

ment in Buchanan's Administration. Chase's First

Measures. Borrows Money on Better Terms. Tem-

porary Loans. The Financial Measures of Congress.

Demand Notes. Vast Increase of Expenses and

Taxes. Growth of the Public Debt. The Legal

Tender Act. Mr. Chase's Advocacy of it. Debates in

Congress. Speculation in Gold. The National Bank

System. The Confederate Finances at Home and

Abroad

CHAPTER XII. SEWARD AND CHASE

The Comparative Attitudes of Seward and Chase in

the Cabinet. Mr. Chase's Relations to his Colleagues.

His Letters Criticizing the Government. His Treat-

ment of Generals in the Army. His Opinion of the

President. The Opposition to Seward in the Senate.

The President's Treatment of the Case. Seward and

Chase Resign. The President Induces them both to

Return. The Results of the Incident. "Now I Can

Ride"

196

. 223

253

CHAPTER XIII. PERRYVILLE AND MURFREESBORO

Bragg's Invasion of Kentucky. Buell Pursues, and

Marches to Louisville. The Confederates Inaugurate

a Governor at Frankfort. The Battle of Perryville.

Bragg's Retreat from Kentucky. Buell Relieved, and

Succeeded by Rosecrans. Rosecrans Advances South-

ward. The Union and Confederate Armies at Stone's

River. Battle of Murfreesboro. Rosecrans Holds his

Position. Demoralization of Bragg's Army. He Re-

tires to Tullahoma. Results of the Campaign
. 273

CHAPTER XIV. WEST VIRGINIA ADMITTED

The Formation of West Virginia. The October Vote.

The Wheeling Constitutional Convention. The Name

"West Virginia " Adopted. Constitution Ratified by

Popular Vote. Application to Congress for Admis-

sion. Provisions of the Senate Bill. Senate Bill

Passed. Passage of the Bill by the House. Cabinet

Consideration of the Bill. Secretary Smith Retires

from the Cabinet. Cabinet Opinions on the Admis-

sion of West Virginia. Opinion by President Lincoln.

The President Approves the Act. The Constitutional

Convention Reassembled. The Conditions of Congress

Adopted. The President's Proclamation to Admit

West Virginia. New State Government Inaugurated.

Slavery Abolished in West Virginia. The Peirpoint

Government Removes to Alexandria

CHAPTER XV. LINCOLN AND THE CHURCHES

The Voice of the Pulpits. Church Conventions. Bap-

tist Board of Foreign Missions. Congregationalists.

German Reformed Lutheran and Moravian Synods.

Presbyterian General Assembly. The Covenanters.

The New School Presbyterians. The Protestant Epis-

copal Church. The Methodists. The Catholics. The

Society of Friends: Lincoln's Relation to Them. The

Sanitary and Christian Commissions. The Churches

of the Southern States. Military Interference with the

Churches. Lincoln's Respect for Religion. A Medita-

tion upon Providence

Changes of Authority in Conquered Districts. Ap-

pointment of Military Governors. Andrew Johnson

appointed Military Governor of Tennessee. Edward

Stanley Appointed Military Governor of North Caro-

lina. Colonel G. F. Shepley Appointed Military

Governor of Louisiana. John S. Phelps Appointed

Military Governor of Arkansas. Language of Lin-

coln's Inaugural and Special Message. His Letters

to Reverdy Johnson and Cuthbert Bullitt. Lincoln's

Letter to Butler and Shepley about Reconstruction.

297

314

Letters about Tennessee and Arkansas. Lincoln's

Letters to Governor Shepley. Congressional Election

in Louisiana. Election of Flanders and Hahn. They

are Admitted to Seats .

CHAPTER XVII.

COLONIZATION

Lincoln's Belief in Colonization. His Views in the

Lincoln-Douglas Debates. Recommends Colonization

in his First Annual Message. Appropriations by Con-

gress for Colonization. Seward's Circular to Foreign

Governments. The Chiriqui Project. Ile A'Vache.

Contract with Bernard Kock. An Ominous Rumor.

The Contract Cancelled and Renewed. A Colony on

Ile A'Vache. Bernard Kock as Governor. Action of

the Haytian Authorities. The Mission of Special Agent

Donnohue. His Report to the Government. Destitu-

tion and Dissatisfaction. The Colonists Return to the

United States.

343

354

CHAPTER XVIII. MISSOURI GUERRILLAS AND POLI-

TICS

Schofield Assigned to Command District of Missouri.

Rivalries and Antagonisms. Guerrillas and "Red

Legs." Hindman's Report about Arkansas. He Au-

thorizes Guerrillas in Missouri. Schofield's Order to

Hunt Down Guerrillas. Assessments on Rebel Sym-

pathizers. The Enrolled Missouri Militia. Difficulties

and Errors in the Organization. General Guerrilla

Rising. The Guerrillas Defeated. Military Compli-

cations. Department of the Missouri Created. Curtis

Assumes Command. Battle of Prairie Grove, Arkan-

sas. Lincoln's Letter about Missouri State Militia.

His Correspondence with General Curtis. Assess-

ments for Damages Suspended. Breckinridge's Bill

for Compensated Abolishment. Emancipation Vic-

tory in the November Election. Missouri Emancipa-

tion in Congress. Lincoln's Telegrams to Missouri.

Assignment and Death of Colonel Sumner .
. 368

CHAPTER XIX. THE EDICT OF FREEDOM

The President's Annual Message of December 1, 1862.

Draft of Final Emancipation Proclamation Read to