If the yeas and nays be called for, and no objection be made, he states the question, if needed, and says: "As the roll is called, members will vote in the affirmative or negative. The Secretary will call the roll." After the ayes and nays have been determined, the chairman states the number and declares the result. If no quorum be present at the hour of meeting, after waiting a reasonable time, he says: "The hour for which this meeting was called having arrived and passed, and no quorum being present, what order is to be taken ?" Or, he may simply announce the fact, and wait for a member to move an adjournment. If during a meeting some member calls for a count, he counts, and announces if a quorum be present or not. If not, he says: "This meeting is in want of a quorum. What order is to be taken?" Or he may state the fact only, and wait for a motion to adjourn. But while there is no quorum present, business must be suspended. After the minutes have been adopted, he says: "The next business in order is the reports of standing committees." If none, or after they have reported, he says: "The reports of special committees are next in order." And so he announces each business in its proper succession. When the hour for the orders of the day arrives, on call of a member, he says: "Shall the orders of the day be taken up? So many as are in favor," etc. In case of disorder in committee of the whole, which its chairman cannot repress, the presiding officer may say: "The committee of the whole is dissolved. tion, as the case may be) will come to order. The society (or club, or associa Members will take their seats." He will then take the chair, instead of the chairman of the committee of the whole. In taking the question on amendment, he says: "The question will be on the amendment offered by the member from " naming his place or otherwise indicating him), and then puts the question. If on an amendment to an amendment, then : "The question will be on the amendment to the amendment," and the rest as before. If either the amendment or the amendment to the amendment be carried, he will say: "The question now recurs on the resolution as amended. Are you ready for the question?" And if no member rises to speak, he will put the question. On the motion to amend by striking out words from a resolution, he says: "It is moved to amend by striking out the words (naming them). Shall those words stand?" And then he puts the question. Objection being made to the reading of a paper, he will say: "Shall the paper (naming it) be read?" and then put the question. And on an objection being made to the reception of a report, he will say: "Shall the report of the committee be received?" and after the demand he puts the question. When in doubt as to which member was up first, he says: "The chair is in doubt as to which member is entitled to the floor. The society (or club, or association, as the case may be) will decide. Was the gentleman from (indicating any one) first up?" and puts the question. If the body decide against that member, he puts the question on the next, and so through, until the society decides that some one of them has the floor. If but two contend, however, and the society decide against the first named, the decision virtually entitles the other to the floor without further vote. If a member is out of order, he will say: "The member (indicating him) is out of order." He will make him take his seat, and then state wherein the member is out of order. If the point of order is raised by a member, he will say: "The member (indicating him) will state his point of order." When this has been done, he decides the point. On a question of the time of adjournment, he says: "It has been moved and seconded that when this meeting (or club, etc., as the case may be) adjourns, it adjourns to (naming time and place). Are you ready for the question?" And if no one rises to speak, puts the question. On a question of adjournment he says: "It has been moved and seconded, that this meeting (or club, etc.) do now adjourn;" and puts the question. When adjournment is carried, he says: "This society (or club, etc.) stands adjourned to" (aming time and place); vr if without any time, he says: "This society (or club, etc.) stands adjourned without day." The chairman of a society or meeting should be chosen for his familiarity with parliamentary rules. He is not chosen to give the members the benefit of his own opinions, but to decide questions in accordance with established principles and with impartiality. With a List of Books Giving Information upon each Subject. 1. Which was the greater Man, Oliver | 3. Has the Invention of Gunpowder Cromwell or Napoleon Bonaparte? See CARLYLE'S Letters and Speeches of Crom well. CHANNING'S Character of Napoleon. SOUTHEY'S Cromwell. SCOTT's Life of Napoleon. MITCHELL'S Fall of Napoleon. HAZLITT'S Life of Napoleon. CARLYLE'S Hero-Worship. "The Hero as King." ROBERT HALL on Bonaparte. been of Benefit to Mankind? See CHANNING on War. GIBBON'S Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, chap. lxv. Edinburgh Review, vol. v., p. 147. NOTE. It is intended to inquire by this question, Whether Gunpowder, by making war more dreadful and abhorrent, has not tended to lead mankind to its discontinuance ? whether, in fact, perfection in War does not MACAULAY'S Critical Essays, vol. i., pp. necessarily lead to the preference of Peace? 180-187. HALLAM'S Constitutional History. The use of Gunpowder in Mechanics may be taken into consideration with advantage to LORD BROUGHAM'S Statesmen in the reign the discussion. of George III., "Napoleon." 2. Was the Execution of Mary Queen of Scots Justifiable ? See History of England.-HUME. P. FRASER TYTLER'S Life of Mary. MRS. JAMESON'S Life of Mary. NOTE. This discussion will embrace the following considerations: For what crimes did Mary suffer? Did she commit the offences alleged against her? And had the law of England any jurisdiction over her? 4. Which is the more valuable Member of Society, a great Mechanician or a great Poet? See CHANNING on the Age. EMERSON'S Essays. writers of the day, that our age is too mechan- | 8. Is Corporal Punishment justifiable? ical, and needs to be spiritualized; this debate will open that question. 5. Which was the greater Orator, Demosthenes or Cicero ? See LORD BROUGHAM'S Essay on the Elo- Edinburgh Review, vol. xxviii., p. 60. 66 246. See EDGEWORTH'S Practical Education. WILDERSPIN'S Education of the Young. Edinburgh Review, vol. xii., p. 420. 9. Was Brutus justified in killing Edinburgh Review, vol. xxxvi., pp. 86- See the Speech of Brutus in Shakspeare's 109. DR. ANTHON'S Cicero. With English Commentary. NOTE. The discussion of this question must include references to style, aim and effect; artistical, mental and moral power. 6. Which is the more despicable Character, the Hypocrite or the Liar? See LORD BACON'S Essay on Truth. TILLOTSON on the Advantages of Truth and Sincerity. Julius Cæsar, Act III., Scene 2. SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH'S Works, vol. iii., p. 274, vol. ii., pp. 318-325. HUME'S Essays, vol. i., pp. 471, etc. vol. ii., p. 228. NOTE. This question must be tried by the morals of the time when the act took place, and not by the present standard of morality. It is quite necessary to make this distinction, 10. Should Emulation be encouraged in Education? BISHOP HALL. Character of the Hypo- See EDGEWORTH'S Practical Education. 7 Has the Fear of Punishment, or the Hope of Reward, the greater Influence on Human Conduct? See ADAM SMITH's Theory of the Moral Sen- MILL on the Human Mind. BENTHAM'S Rationale of Reward and NOTE. This question involves considerations of great importance. It has to do with Education, Government, and Religion. The fear of punishment is the principle usually supposed to influence us; and upon this principle, for the most part, education, laws, and religious instruction are founded; but many of the wisest men are beginning to doubt this system. GODWIN'S Reflections on Education. COWPER'S Tirocinium. ADAM SMITH'S Theory of the Moral Sen. COLERIDGE'S Lines, entitled " Love, Hope, least the debate may serve to lead the debaten to a proper selection of novels. See THIRLWALL'S Greece, vol. i., p. 24. ture and Art. Epic Poetry," and the 15. Is the Character of Queen Elizabeth deserving of our Admiration? authorities there quoted. NOTE. This debate will turn upon the facts that Homer is the more real, life-like, and human poet, whilst Milton is the more imaginative, sublime, and spiritual; the decision must depend upon which are the nobler qualities. 12. Is Military Renown a fit Object of Ambition? See CHANNING'S Essay on War. CHANNING on Napoleon Bonaparte. See HUME'S History of England. LUCY AKIN's Memoirs of Elizabeth. SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH'S Works, vol. iii., MACAULAY'S Critical Essays, vol. ii., pp. I-34. 16. Is England rising or falling as a Nation? 13. Is Ambition a Vice or a Virtue ? See BACON'S Essay on States: and his Essay See HUGHES' Essay on Ambition in the "Guardian." LORD BACON'S Essay on Ambition. Paradise Lost. Satan's Address to the ADAM SMITH on Misdirected Ambition. M'CULLOCH'S Political Economy, pp. 527- on the Greatness of Kingdoms. SIR JAMES MACKINTOSH'S Works, vol. iii., pp. 500, 501. Edinburgh Review, vol. xxi., pp. 22, et seq. M'CULLOCH's Statistics of the British Compare the Elements of Modern with the 17. Has Nature or Education the greater Influence in the Formation of Character? 14. Has Novel-reading a Moral Ten- See LOCKE's Thoughts on Education. COMBE'S Constitution of Man. WATTS on the Mind. AIME MARTIN on Education. LORD JEFFREY's Essays, vol. i., p. 138. 18. Which is the more valuable Metal, LEYDEN'S Ode to an Indian Gold Coin. |