elects anti-slavery members to House of Delegates, 36; irregular secession convention in, 227; remains in Union, 235; Lincoln tries to bind faster to Union, 252; rejects amendment against negro suffrage (1905), 383 note; rejects 15th amendment, 385. Mason, George, opposes strengthening of slave power, II, 12. Mason, James M., 89; with Buchanan and Soulé issues Ostend manifesto, 128. Massachusetts, slaves freed in, 9; negroes granted suffrage in, number of negroes in, 1780; in slave trade, 9; aids extreme South to prolong slave trade, 13; indifferent to slave trade, 20; "Know-nothings" carry election of 1854 in, 115; leads North in opposing secession, 229; Republicans in fail to indorse Pres. Johnson, 276. May, Samuel J. (Rev.), 44; conversation with Dr. Channing on anti-slavery, 61 ff. Mexico, war with, 76 ff; ends, 79; proposal to annex, Calif. taken from, 79. Middle States, in slave trade, 9; slavery abolished in, 20. Mississippi, admitted as slave State, 23; considers secession (1860), 221; secedes, 225; emancipation in, 260; gives qualified assent to 13th amendment, 262; provisional gov't formed in, 275; delays her return to Union, 310; negro voters outnumber white in, 311; under martial law, 316; "carpet-bag rule in, 333 ff; statistics on misgovernment in, 334 ff; misgovt. and corruption in exaggerated, 338; Democrats organize opposition and practice intimidation in, 339 ff; legal limitation of suffrage in, 383. Missouri, bill to organize as State, 23; geographical relation of to free States, 24; debate on admission, 24 ff; Compromise, 25 ff; admitted as slave State, 27; mobs form in struggle for Kansas, 116; votes not to secede, 227; remains in Union, 235; Lincoln tries to bind faster to Union; Republican party breaks up in, 327. Morgan, Edwin P. (ex-Gov.), supports Pres. Johnson, 294. Morton, Oliver P., party leader, 331; favors "Force bill" in Senate, 345; Presidential candidate, 346. Moses, F. J., Jr., governor of So. Carolina, 332. Mott, Lucretia, 56. Mount Holyoke Seminary, founded, plan for students to earn expenses fails at, 362. Murphy, Edgar G., "The Present South," 388; on negro problem, 408. NASHVILLE Convention, to promote interests of South, 90, 138. Nation, The, supports Independent Republicans, 327; refuses to support Greeley, 329. Nat Turner insurrection, 41. Negroes (see also SLAVES, SLAVERY, EDUCATION), superiority of over Indians as slaves, 5; advantages and disadvantages of slavery to, 5; granted suffrage in Mass. and other States, 9; number of in Mass. in 1780, 9; number of in other States, see SLAVES; condition of in North before the war, 37; (for condition of in South, see SLAVERY, SLAVES); proposed college for, 37; violence against in North, 74; status of in America defined by Dred Scott decision, 147, 148; citizenship rights of declared in New York, 149; U. S. army and navy opened to enlistment of, 260; enlist in Union armies, martial qualities of, 261; good qualities of displayed in war, 263; Pres. Johnson favors qualified suffrage for, 276; Henry Ward Beecher's views on suffrage for, 278; education of urged by Beecher, 279; South's estimate of after war, 280, 287; behavior of after emancipation, 287; repressive laws against, following war, 287, 288; their misconception of freedom, 289; laws governing labor of after war, 290 ff; law against association of whites with, 290; abuse of by Southern whites, 292; their necessities force them to labor, 293; leaders in Georgia plead for rights of, 301; suffrage for in South the central feature of Reconstruction bill, 308; suffrage for favored by North, 308, 309; broad conception of, 309; number of voters among in Southern States compared to white voters, 311; many Northern States refuse suffrage to, 314; unfitness of in South for suffrage, choose delegates to const. conventions, 317; sudden political power of doubtful benefit to, 318; as a body lack independence; affiliate with Republican party; become estranged from old masters, 319; in high political offices, 321, 333, 336; not guilty of physical violence, 323; national education of neglected, 325, 326; manner of toward whites, 338; organized resistance to voting of in South, 340; intimidated at polls, 352; problem of disposition of, 355; views on in North and South, 356; condition and needs of after war, 357, 358; beginnings of higher education for, 358; religion of, 359; Gen. Armstrong's labors in behalf of, see Armstrong, Samuel; problem of disappears as central feature in national politics, 371; polit. preponderance of in South ended, 371; suffrage of practically nullified in South, but large degree of civil rights secured to, 372; Southern whites undertake education of with energy and success, 373; refused social equality at South, and often at North, 373 ff; improved social conditions, and increased num bers of, 374 ff; present wealth, skill, intelligence, and moral status of, 375 ff; development of leadership among, 376 ff., 379; legal limitation of suffrage of in South, 382 ff; practical disfranchisement of, 384, 388; threatened narrowing of industrial opportunities the greatest danger to, 385; unfortunate social position of, 386; hopes of future betterment, 387; estimated amt. paid out for education of to date; better industrial education for, 388; necessity for all to face the problem of; great responsibility on leaders of, 392 ff; present phase of problem, necessity of abolishing caste spirit, 393; industrial position of, 394 ff; attitude of trade unions toward, 385, 395; dangers consequent upon exclusion from unions, 396; need of higher education for, 398; present polit. status of, 400; attitude of toward suffrage, 401; should have fair share of public offices, 403; government aid in education advocated, 404; growing recognition of in North, 406 ff; results of social ostracism on, suggested means to avoid, 408. Negro Problem, The, by Booker Washington and others, 379. New England (See also NORTH, MASSACHUSETTS,) Washington's opinion of, 2; slave labor unprofitable in; industries in, 6; negroes granted suffrage in, 9; aids extreme South in extension of slave trade, 13. New England Anti-slavery Society, founded, 44. New England Emigrant Aid Society, formed, 116. New Hampshire, number of slaves in in 1790, 9; slavery abolished in, 21. New Haven, labors in for negroes, 36. New Jersey, votes against extension of slave trade, 13; passes emancipation law, 22; counted as free State, 23; declares for emancipation, 35; rejects 15th New Mexico, South demands per- Independent Republicans, 327; refuses support to Greeley, 329. New York Herald, 141, 164, 193. New York Times, 141, 347. New York Tribune, influence of, 140, 141; against forcible repression of secession movement, 228; criticises Lincoln, 255; supports Independent Republicans, 328; unearths HayesTilden telegrams, 352. New York State, number of slaves in in 1790, 9; passes emancipation law, 22; counted as free State, 23; delegation of to "Free Soil" convention (1848), 82; declares right of citizenship for negroes, 149. Nicholls, Francis T., claims governorship of Louisiana, 349; becomes governor, 353. North, the (see also NEW ENGLAND), slavery unprofitable in, 5; aids extreme South in extending slave trade, 13; slavery abolished in, 20; surpasses South in population and wealth; increased representation in House, 24; its economic advantages over South, 69 ff; violence against negroes in, 74; disputes with South over new territory, 80; dissatisfaction in over Compromise measures of 1850; passes "Personal Liberty Laws," 91; outstrips South in industrial, literary, and religious growth, advantages of South over, 94; growth of anti-slavery feeling in, 113 ff; best intelligence of in early Republican party, 127; resents polit. aggression of South more than slavery, 128; leaders of (1850-60), 132; leaders of, 140 ff; attitude of clergy in toward slavery, 141; economic conditions in compared with those of South, 156; John Brown's raid intensifies conviction against slavery in, 167; growing distrust of South in, 169; position of on secession, etc., 200 ff; underlying divergences from South in sentiment and character of, 205 ff; religious life in, 206; inflamed against South; sources of misunderstanding, 207; varied occupations in, 208; secession movement causes con sternation in, 209; strongly inclined to peace; disbelieves in Southern courage, 210; grounds for resistance of secession in; impatient of Southern political dominance, 212; reasons for failure of disunion movement in, 218 ff; disinclination in to use force against secession movement, 228; Mass. becomes leader in, 229; united in resistance to secession, 235; views on Civil war in, 237; bitter feeling against South in, 241; moral effect of war on, 244; Unionism the absorbing issue in, 248; party divisions in, 253; growing sentiment in against slavery, 254; courage of in war, 262; advantages of over South, 264; joy in over prospect of success, 268; opposes Johnson's reconstruction plans, 288; current opinion in on cause of secession, 300; hatred of Jefferson Davis in, 301; general temper in hostile to Pres. Johnson, 312; feeling of relief in after Grant's election, 315; resumption of business in, 316; immigration from into South, 319; growing tendency in to accord social equality to negroes, 373 ff, 406. North Carolina, emancipation favored in, 36; right of free speech vindicated in, 129; votes against secession convention, 229; secedes, 235; emancipation in, 260; provisional govt. formed in, 275; reconstructed, 310; relative number of negro voters in, 311; Democrats regain, 323; legal limitation of suffrage in, 383. Northwestern Territory, slavery prohibited in, 10. Nullification, So. Carolina claims right of, 32; denounced by Jackson, 33; opposed in "Force bill of 1833, 33; question dropped, 34; 214. OBERLIN COLLEGE, becomes antislavery stronghold, 37; plan for students to earn expenses fails at, 362. O'Conor, Charles, nominated for President, 329. Ohio, admitted as free State, 23; declares for emancipation, 35. Olmsted, Frederic Law, on condition of slaves in South before the war, 49; volumes of travels in the slave States, 107 ff. Ordinance of 1784, fails to limit slave territory, 10. Ordinance of 1787, limits slave territory, 10. Oregon, boundary dispute, 80; rejects 15th amendment, 315; double returns from in HayesTilden election, 351. Ostend manifesto, 128. PACKARD, S. B., in govt. of Louisiana, 341; claims governorship, 349. Paine, Thomas, 8. Parker, Theodore, influence of in church and state, 143; supports John Brown, 160, 168. Peace Congress, proposed, to find means to preserve the Union, 228. Pendleton, George H., candidate for Presidential nomination, 313. Pennsylvania, number of slaves in in 1790, 9; votes against extension of slave trade, 13; passes emancipation law, 21; counted as free State, 23; declares for emancipation, 35; Republicans fail to indorse Pres. Johnson, 276. Peonage cases, prosecution of, 388. Personal Liberty Laws, passed in North, 91. Petigru, James L., 223. Petitions to Congress, anti-slavery, 71 ff. Pettus, Gov., of Mississippi, 221. Philadelphia, convention in behalf of Pres. Johnson at, 303. Phillips, Wendell, becomes ally of Garrison, 54; scorns Republican party, 127; declares all war unChristian, 210; favors disunion, 217, 228; abuses Lincoln, 254. Pierce, Franklin, nominated for, and elected President, 93; recognizes usurpers in Kansas struggle, 117. Pierce, Henry L., in House, 331; vote of in Hayes-Tilden contest, 352. Pinckneys, Charles and Thomas, demand freedom of slave trade, 12 ff. Pittsburg, counter convention at, 303. Platte country, the, 112. Polk, James K., nominated for President, 75; elected; declares war with Mexico, 76. Poor whites, evil effects of slavery on, IIO. 271; congressional bill (1864), rejected by Lincoln, 269; Lincoln's plans for opposed by Congress, 270; first Congressional plan of, 274 ff; President Johnson's plan of, 275; Henry Ward Beecher's plan of, 277 ff; John A. Andrew's plan of, 280; both latter plans too advanced for the time, 280; action taken on by Congress (1865-6), 281 ff; Pres. Johnson's plan of opposed in Congress, 285; second Congressional plan of, 294 ff; difficulties of question increased by lack of statesmen to handle, 302; two policies of before the country, South indorses Pres. Johnson's plan of, 303; final plan of, 306 ff; bill passed, 306; results of bill, 307, 310; verdict of country on work of, 312 ff; the working out of, 316 ff; the last act, 344 ff. "Reconstruction and the Constitution," by Prof. J. W. Burgess, 290. Reeder, Governor, of Kansas, 117. Republican party (see also REPUBLICANS), beginnings of, 114 ff; components of, 115; first Presidential convention of, 124 ff; principles, leaders, constituency, successes, and failures of in first (1856) campaign of, 127; opposition to in first campaign, 128; weakness of in South, 129; composition of opposition to, and causes of defeat of in first campaign, 130; stand of on negro question (1860), 186; origin of protectionist character of, 190; geographical lines of in 1860 campaign, 192; denounced in 1860 campaign, 193 ff; restriction of slavery the supreme principle of, 212; Sumner's belief in, 319; freedmen instinctively turn to, 319; leaders of in Grant's second term, 331. Republicans, hold first (1856) Presidential convention, 124 ff; nominate John C. Fremont for President, 126; Wm. L. Dayton for Vice-President, 129; platform, 126; denounce Ostend manifesto, 129; dissent from Dred Scott decision, 148, 149; gain in numbers, name Lincoln for U. S. Senator, 153; first Illinois convention of, 179; campaign, 180 ff; not in John Brown's raid, 183; hold convention (1860), 189 ff; platform, 190; struggle bet. Seward and Lincoln men in, 190, 191; nominate Lincoln and Hamlin, 192; elect candidates (1860), 194; results of success of, 221; oppose secession, 223, 224, 225; oppose schemes for extension of slavery, 228; vainly concede many points to South, 229; divide over war questions, 253; reaction against in elections of 1862, 261; success of in 1864, 262, 265; indorse President Johnson, 276; assert right of Congress to direct reconstruction, leaders oppose Pres. Johnson's plan of, 286; opinion of turns against Johnson, 294; increased strength of in Congress (1866-7), 306; in Senate vote to acquit Pres. Johnson, 312; adopt moderate platform, nominate and elect Grant (1868), 314; in temporary control of South, 323, 327; change attitude tword South, independent movement among, 327; Independents hold convention (1872), 328; in gov't of South, 332 ff; lose heavily in Congressional elections of 1874, suspected of maladministration, 344; many oppose Force bill of 1875, 345; hold convention (1876), 346; nominate Hayes, campaign, 347; claim election of Hayes, 348 ff. "Residence on a Georgia Plantation, A." 103. Rhett, Senator, proposes secession, 89. Rhode Island, in slave trade, 9; passes emancipation law, 21. Rhodes, "History of the U. S.," quoted, 301, 302. Robinson, Chas. S., gov. of |