Electronic Noise and Interfering Signals: Principles and Applications

Portada
Springer Science & Business Media, 2005 M01 12 - 709 páginas

"Electronic Noise and Interfering Signals" is a comprehensive reference book on noise and interference in electronic circuits, with particular focus on low-noise design. The first part of the book deals with mechanisms, modeling, and computation of intrinsic noise which is generated in every electronic device. The second part analyzes the coupling mechanisms which can lead to a contamination of circuits by parasitic signals and provides appropriate solutions to this problem. The last part contains more than 100 practical, elaborate case studies. The book requires no advanced mathematical training as it introduces the fundamental methods. Moreover, it provides insight into computational noise analysis with SPICE and NOF, a software developed by the author. The book addresses designers of electronic circuits as well as researchers from electrical engineering, physics, and material science. It should be of interest also for undergraduate and graduate students.

 

Contenido

Introduction
xv
112 Definitions Pertinent to Particular Fields
xvii
12 Overview
xviii
122 Extrinsic Noise
1
132 Bandwidth
2
135 LowNoise Design
3
14 Why Is Noise a Concern?
4
141 Noise in Communication Systems
5
7106 Conclusion
243
711 Noise in Operational Amplifiers
245
Interfering Signals
249
External Noise
251
81 External Noise Sources
252
812 ManMade Noise Sources
256
82 Glossary of Terms
261
83 Interference Problem
263

142 Noise in Industrial Applications
6
143 Benefits of Noise
7
144 Conclusion
8
Intrinsic Noise
9
Fundamental Concepts
11
Signal Theory Approach
12
221 Average Value
13
223 Form Factor
16
Probabilistic Approach
19
232 Two Random Variables
25
233 Energy and Power Spectra
29
234 Fourier Analysis of Fluctuations
31
235 Correlation Matrix
35
Physical Noise Sources
41
32 Noise Sources
42
322 Diffusion Noise
47
323 Shot Noise
48
324 Quantum Noise
52
325 GenerationRecombination Noise GR Noise
54
326 1f Noise Flicker Noise or Excess Noise
56
327 Popcorn Burst Noise
60
328 Avalanche Noise
61
33 Conclusion
63
Noise Parameters
65
42 Definitions Concerning Electrical Power and Bandwidth
66
422 Various Definitions of Power
68
423 Available Power and Available Power Gain
70
424 Exchangeable Power and Exchangeable Power Gain
73
425 Various Gain Definitions
75
426 Noise Bandwidth
76
43 Noise Parameters of Linear OnePorts Spot Values
79
432 Equivalent Noise Current
81
434 Noise Ratio
83
435 Noise Equivalent Power NEP
84
44 Noise Parameters of Linear OnePorts Average Values
85
452 SignaltoNoise Ratio
87
453 Input Noise Temperature
88
454 Operating Noise Temperature
92
455 Effective Noise Temperature
93
457 Operating Noise Factor
99
458 Extended Noise Factor
100
459 Noise Measure
101
46 Average Values of TwoPort Noise Parameters
103
47 Noise of a Linear Multiport
104
472 Input Noise Temperature
105
473 Operating Noise Temperature
106
Noise Analysis of Linear Circuits
109
52 Noise Models of OnePort Circuits
110
521 OnePort at Uniform Temperature
111
522 OnePort at Different Temperatures
115
523 Conclusion
117
532 Noisy TwoPort
120
533 Model of Rothe and Dahlke
121
534 Basic Relationships Among Noise Parameters
125
54 Correlation Matrices
130
542 Linear Multiport Circuits
136
55 Conclusion
138
Frequency Domain Noise Analysis of Linear Multiports
139
62 Method of Hillbrand and Russer
140
622 Noise Parameters of an Attenuating Pad
142
623 Collection of Elementary Passive Circuits
145
63 Noise Analysis of Linear Multiport Circuits
148
64 Algorithm
152
65 Example
154
652 Concluding Remark
157
Noise Models of Electronic Devices
159
72 Capacitor Noise
165
73 Inductor Noise
167
74 Noise in Junction Diodes
168
742 ForwardBiased Diodes
170
743 ReverseBiased Diodes
172
744 PSPICE Model
173
76 Noise in Bipolar Transistors
174
761 Preliminary Remarks
175
762 Physical Aspects of Noise
176
764 Hawkinss Model 97
182
765 Model of Motchenbacher and Fitchen 99
184
766 Fukui Model 100
187
767 Model of Voinigescu et al
191
768 PSPICE Model
192
7610 Noise in Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors HBTs
195
77 Noise of Junction Field Effect Transistors JFETs
198
772 Noise Mechanisms
202
773 Van der Ziel Model
204
774 Robinson Model
205
775 Ambrozy Model
206
777 PSPICE Model
208
78 Noise in MOS Transistors
209
782 PSPICE Model
210
783 Model of Nicollini Pancini and Pernici
212
784 Model of Wang Heliums and Sodini
213
785 Lees Scalable Model
214
786 Conclusion
215
792 Physical Aspects
216
793 Bachtold Model
218
794 Model of Pucel Haus and Statz
219
795 Fukui Model
222
796 Podell Model
224
797 Heinrich Model
226
798 Model of Escotte and Mollier
229
799 HSPICE Model
230
7910 Conclusion
231
710 Noise of HEMT Transistors
232
7102 Cappy Model
235
7103 Pospieszalski Model
236
7104 Model of Hickson Gardner and Paul
239
84 Coupling Paths
264
841 Methods of Noise Coupling
265
842 Coupling Modes
269
Interference Reduction Methods
275
912 Circuit Shielding
282
913 Estimating Shielding Effectiveness
285
914 Performance Degradation
286
915 Conclusion
291
921 Filtering Interfering Signals
292
922 Balanced Circuits
295
93 Grounding and Bonding
297
932 Noise Related to Grounding
302
933 Miscellaneous
304
94 Proper Use of Cables
305
Methods of Reducing Emission of Interfering Signals
311
101 Disturbances Associated with Mains Distribution
312
102 Noise Arising from DC Power Supplies
316
1022 Voltage Regulators
318
1023 Ungrounded Floating Power Supplies
320
1024 SwitchingMode Power Supplies
321
1025 Ripple Filtering
322
103 Noise Generated by Mechanical Contact Switching
323
1031 Gas Discharge
324
104 Noise Emitted by Digital Circuits
328
1042 Inductive Noise
330
1043 Noise Related to Clock Radiation
332
1044 Reflections Due to Mismatch on the Lines
334
1045 Abrupt Demand for DC Supply Current
335
105 Transformer Noise
336
1052 Solutions to Reduce Noise Coupling
337
106 Noise Due to Electrostatic Discharge
339
1061 Accumulation of Electrostatic Charge
340
1062 Discharge Phase
343
1063 Prevention and Control
345
Interconnection Modeling and Crosstalk
347
112 Interconnect Modeling
348
1121 Interconnect Resistance
349
1122 Mutual Capacitance and Mutual Inductance
350
1123 Capacitance Estimation
354
1124 Inductance Estimation
357
1125 Modeling a Multiconductor Line
360
1126 Modeling a Trace on a Printed Circuit Board
362
113 Crosstalk
366
1132 Crosstalk Due to Dominant Capacitive Coupling 178182
367
1133 Crosstalk Due
369
1134 Crosstalk Due to Electromagnetic Coupling 178185
371
114 Interconnect Optimization
376
1142 Managing PCB Optimization
377
1143 Coupling Effects in VLSI Design
381
Methods of Increasing Immunity to Interfering Signals
385
122 Filtering
389
1222 Filtering of Wires and Cables
392
123 Grounding
394
124 Practical Advice on Reducing Noise and Interference at the Circuit Level
398
1241 Interference Control
399
1242 Guidelines for Circuit Design
400
Bluetooth Approach
404
Case Studies
407
LowNoise Circuit Design
409
132 LowNoise Design Techniques for LowFrequency Circuits
411
1322 Noise Performance of Amplifiers
413
1323 Noise Matching with a Coupling Transformer
420
1324 Noise Matching by Paralleling Input Devices
422
1325 Selection of Active Devices
424
1326 Feedback
426
Sensor and Its Preamplifier
430
Dolby Noise Reduction System
433
133 LowNoise Design Techniques for Microwave Circuits
435
Noise Performance Measurement
439
1412 Case Studies
440
142 Noise Power Measurement
447
143 TwoPort Noise Performance Measurement
453
144 Miscellaneous
464
1442 Impedances at Unequal Temperatures
472
1443 LowFrequency Amplifier
478
Noise in Sensing Circuits
481
1512 Case Studies
483
152 Sensing Circuits
500
1522 Case Studies
501
153 Circuits with Operational Amplifiers
511
Noise in Communication Systems
531
162 Multistage Amplifiers
538
163 LowNoise Input Stages
545
164 Receivers
549
1642 Case Studies
550
165 Space Communication Systems
563
1652 Case Studies
568
ComputerAided Noise Analysis
579
171 Noise Simulation with PSPICE
580
1712 Noise Analysis
588
1714 Case Studies
593
172 Noise Simulation with NOF
617
1722 Case Studies
619
Protection Against Interfering Signals
625
1812 Filtering
636
1813 Grounding
644
182 Interconnect Modeling
650
1822 Crosstalk
659
183 Interfering Signals
665
1832 Logic Circuits
673
1833 Contact Protection
680
References
685
Values of General Physical Constants
699
Index
701
Derechos de autor

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