A. S. Cleghorn as governor of Oahu. Justices of the supreme court were Rosa and V. V. Ashford. Tho professing to hate all white men and to desire only natives in her country, the ex-queen was willing to place white men in her cabinet when she could get such as were willing to do her bidding.

The dispute in Hawaii is not so much a race-quarrel as a conflict of certain foreigners against American influence, and of a certain other influence against the missionary element. There are natives and white men on both sides. English influence and the lottery are arrayed on one side, and the American missionary and all moral, liberty-loving men, without regard to nationality, on the other.

Among those who took part in the suppression of the rebellion were several ministers of the Gospel. Mr. D. W. Corbett, who is a local preacher, was a sharpshooter. Rev. H. W. Peck, pastor of the M. E. church at Honolulu, was another; but no fighting parson or praying man was found on the other side.

The ringleaders were tried, convicted, and sentenced, but ultimately pardoned as has been related. Since then, with the exception of two more agents of the Louisiana Lottery, Sherman and Underwood, being captured, December, 1895, while trying to stir up an insurrection in the interest of the lottery, Hawaii has enjoyed perfect peace. The lottery and opium men will receive little encouragement there

in the future, for the people of Hawaii are heartily tired of being made catspaws to rake out other people's chestnuts.

The three years of the republic have been wonderfully prosperous. In September, 1895, cholera was brought to the islands in a ship from China, but the prompt action of the Board of Health stamped out the disease. The republic has proved a success, it is growing stronger every day, and tho it has foes without and within, it has successfully baffled them all. The people are prosperous, happy, and blessed beyond average mankind.

CHAPTER XXXII

INTER-ISLAND COMMERCE

INTER-ISLAND commerce in Hawaii has been of phenomonally rapid growth. Our ignorance of the business and of the possible future of business developments of the islands often leads to the expression, "What is the use of making such a fuss over such a little, insignificant country anyway?"

When I determined to visit the Hawaiian Islands the question that perplexed me most was how I could get from one to another. I did not know that there was any packet line other than a native canoe for conveying passengers from island to island. On my arrival I found two steamship companies wholly engaged in inter-island commerce, with from sixteen to twenty steamers making regular trips on schedule time.

No doubt the only navigation known in early days was the double canoe, which in later years gave place to the sailing schooner or coaster. There are many people living on the islands who can remember the days of the sailing schooners, when adverse winds might make it necessary to spend a week in the passage from one island to another. Miss Bird, in

her book on the "Sandwich Islands," published in 1876, refers to the inter-island schooner, The Rolling Moses, as an uncomfortable means of going from island to island.

The importance of inter-island steam navigation, and the great advantage it has been to the development of the sugar and other industries, can hardly be overestimated. It is but fifteen years since the transportation facilities of the islands consisted exclusively of the boat Kilauea, which was run at a continuous loss by the Government, and the most sanguine would not have dreamed that in less than a score of years two large steamship companies, with an aggregate fleet of sixteen to twenty vessels, would be kept busy with the inter-island trade.

But the growth of the sugar and rice industries was watched by keen, sagacious business men, who were no false prophets when they declared there was a golden future in store for Hawaii. Among the most sagacious and sanguine of these inter-island navigators was Mr. S. G. Wilder, who took the agency for the Kilauca, and subsequently purchased the vessel. When he assumed the management and proprietorship of the Kilauea, that vessel, instead of being run at a loss, became a paying property. In 1877 the increasing business demanded another steamer, and the Likelike was ordered in San Francisco, and built under his direction and according to his plans. Upon the

arrival of the Likelike, she was bought from the Government at cost price; the Kilauea was also acquired about this time, and the transportation business carried forward as a private enterprise. In 1878 the Mokolii was built at San Francisco, and the following year the Lehua was added to the fleet.

In 1883 the Kinau, a magnificent iron vessel, was built in Philadelphia. These vessels were run as a private enterprise by S. G. Wilder until the incorporation of the Wilder Steamship Company in 1883. In 1884 the Kilauea Hou (New Kilauea), built in Honolulu, was purchased by the company.

In 1890 the steamer Hawaii, especially constructed for the sugar-carrying trade, and the Claudine, a beautiful ship of eight hundred and forty tons, were built in Scotland and entered into the inter-island service. The Claudine and the equally handsome and efficient steamer Kinau do the largest part of the passenger traffic of the company, and are the only steamers of the line running on regular schedule time. The other vessels are now used as freight-boats, but sometimes carry passengers as an accommodation.

The Claudine and Kinau are elegantly appointed, with all the latest improvements throughout, including electric lights. The service and attendance are equal to those of the larger steamers. Some of my most pleasant voyages were made in these vessels. The Kinau makes regular trips to Hilo and return, stopping at