AUTHORS OF QUOTATIONS WANTED (8th S. ix. since the translation of the MS. has it taken us to get it 409).— They eat the fruit and blame the woman still, is the last line of a clever little poem, called Man,' which appeared in the Spectator of 7 Nov., 1891. It was signed "Dorothea A. Alexander." H. C. B. He sleeps his last sleep, &c., The Grave of Bonaparte,' by Leonard Heath, in 1842. See Bela Chapin, The Poets of New Hampshire,' 1883, p. 760. From Bartlett's 'Familiar Quotations,' 1891, p. 666. ED. MARSHALL, F.S.A. (8th S. ix. 449.) Hoc Matthæus agens, &c. From Sedulius, translated in Neale, 'Medieval Hymns,' 1851, p. 82. W. C. B. Sedulius, Carmen Paschale,' lib. i. vv. 355-8, ap. "Poett. Christ. Saec. iv.," Migne, col. 591. (8th S. ix. 469.) ED. MARSHALL. He was born a man, he died a grocer. In 1860, a grocer's apprentice in Paris hanged himself, leaving a letter, in which he said, "I always think of that caricature representing a grocer standing on the threshold of his door, and making this reflection, Born to be a man and condemned to become a grocer.'......I beg my parents to erect a simple tombstone to my memory, and to inscribe upon it these words, Born to be a man; died a grocer.' See Illustrated London News, 6 October, 1860, p. 305. W. C. B. Miscellaneous. NOTES ON BOOKS, &c. The Diary of Samuel Pepys, M.A., F.R.S. Vol. VIII. Edited, with Additions, by Henry B. Wheatley, F.S.A. (Bell & Sons.) So far as regards the text of the Diary,' Mr. Wheatley's authoritative edition of Pepys is complete. A further and indispensable volume will contain an introduction, a paper on the London of Pepys's time (with a map in illustration of his wanderings from east to west), an elaborate index, appendices, and, it is to be hoped, the correspondence. Other appetizing items include a corrected pedigree by Windsor Herald. What is of most importance is the index, awaiting which the work, how ever delightful for purposes of reperusal, is useless for literary or historical pursuits. It is with a feeling of keen regret that the long chat with the most expansive and truthful of companions is closed. So long have we been accustomed to anticipate a further instalment that we read the termination with a sigh, and feel a disappointment kindred to that of the reader of Pamela' or Dombey and Son' or 'Vanity Fair' when the last was known concerning the characters peopling that microcosm. It is all very well for Coleridge, quoted by Mr. Wheatley, to say: "It makes me restless and discontented to think what a diary equal in minuteness and truth of portraiture to the preceding, from 1669 to 1688 or 1690, would have been for the true causes, process, and character of the Revolution" (see 'N. & Q.,' 1st S. vi. 215). This is the correct and edifying thing to say. No doubt it is the most serious aspect of the loss we have sustained through Pepys's fears, happily needless, for his eyesight. We regret less, however, the uncompleted history than the death of the friend. No more long, curious, stimulating, and outspoken gossips can be prolonged into the late hours. It is, of course, as a contribution to history that the Diary' was first published, its unedifying passages being cut out. Very long indeed . "nearly" all, which represents the point, supposedly final, now reached. As a revelation of humanity, as what it is the fashion to call a human document, its value is most signal. Mr. John Morley has dwelt upon the revelations of character in Rousseau. A well-known and vivacious contributor to N. & Q.' is now telling us at some length how much there is that is true in the revelations of that unmitigated scapegrace and vagabond Jacques Casanova. Schiller dwelt with approval on the pictures of social life and morals (!) in the confessions of M. Nicholas. Mr. Craik is throwing all the light he can on the scorching cynicism of Swift. Desforges, even, has found his defenders. In some respects, at the affectations of sincerity of Jean Jacques as the least, Pepys stands facile princeps. He scorns as much boasts of impossible prowess (!) of the Chevalier de Seingalt. He never lies. His meanest and most contemptible thoughts he reveals with the same frankness as his personal maladies. He is inconceivably sincere, and, had he not said what he has, we should have thought it impossible that it ever should have been said. In this respect it is that Pepys is most marvellous. Mr. Wheatley, as in duty bound, holds a brief for him. It is supererogatory, needless. We adinire Pepys and we condemn, are shocked at him and love him. He is, let it be owned, indifferent honest, standing with the Coventrys and Gaudens in an age of Petts and Mennises. He is one of the loyallest and most trustworthy servants the king has. All sorts of good things may be said about him. Nathless, he is the most unmitigated and unpardonable scapegrace and scamp ever known. Goethe says, somewhere or other, that every man has in him that which, if known, would make us love him or hate him. Pepys reveals both. He is as true as conscience itself. In this latest volume he is very "down on his luck." It is not his eyes only that Deb has been found out by Mrs. Pepys, who puts him trouble him. His carefully prepared depravation of through the smallest of sieves, watches him with lynxlike cunning and keenness of vision. Deb has had to go, and Jane has followed after. Poor Pepys swears fidelity to his wife, resolves, and prays devoutly for strength to keep his resolution. Yet he constantly tries to renew intercourse with Deb, and at the close of the confessions is obviously wondering how to approach the new maid, in spite of her large hande. His other escapades we may pass over. Like woman in the chorus in Samson Agonistes,' he "again transgresses and again repents." In the midst of his deepest regrets he is plotting new Should Mr. Wheatley or another protest against dealing turpitudes. He is indeed irreclaimable, hopeless. with this aspect of a many-sided character, we answer that it is this aspect this edition first reveals. Pepys in most respects has been long before us, and we have not now to deal with the light his Diary' throws upon history. Now first, however, do we see the self-avowed and at heart impenitent libertine. The new volume has valuable notes by Mr. Wheatley, and is adorned with well-executed portraits of Charles II. and the Duke of Albemarle. We thank Mr. Wheatley for his splendid services. "To work, to work," we say to him, "and let us have the index and the other promised luxuries." Miscellanea Genealogica et Heraldica. Edited by Joseph IF our memory be a faithful servant to us, Dr. Howard's of a third of a century is a long period in human life and manners, and habits of thought have changed much during that time. Then, as we can well remember, a man who devoted himself to genealogical lore was not regarded with much complacency. The pedigree-hunter if he escaped gibes was a lucky man. Now the aspect of things has so far changed that it is well understood by all but the very ignorant that genealogy is not only a most important help to the right understanding of history, but, when properly employed, is calculated to throw no little light on some of the most obscure questions of psychology. An interesting group of stories might be gathered together showing the contempt in which genealogy and its sister, heraldry, were held not so long ago. We need not dwell upon the brutalities which occurred during the French Revolution, when a whole people seemed bent on answering in the affirmative Bishop Butler's question to Dean Tucker as to whether "nations might not go mad as well as individuals." We were once engaged in examining a parish register of the time of James I., when its custodian, the clergy: man of the parish, said gravely that the laws with regard to the devolution of property had been so much altered of late that there was now no use in preserving any registers of an earlier date than 1812, and that, for his part, he wished they were all destroyed previous to that time, as, if that were done, people could not waste their time by reading them. This we were sure was by no means a jest, but an exercise of what the man would have called his reasoning faculty. Here is another instance, which at the time made a deep impression upon us. We were in a large public library, and an under official, who had on many occasions taken much trouble to serve us, pointed out with pride a valuable acquisition which had just been made. It was a beautiful volume, and bore stamped on its sides the arms of a great French noble. The design and execution were of singular beauty. We made some remark upon them, whereupon our friend exclaimed: "I wish another copy had been procured, without things like that upon it. They will corrupt the minds of the young who come to read here. If I had my way, they would be rubbed off." Dr. Howard interprets the title of his work liberally, and for this we are glad. He gives his readers, from the collection of Sir Wollaston Franks, K.C.B., an engraving of the book-plate of Charles O'Brien, Earl of Thomond in Ireland, and Field-Marshal and a Knight of the Saint Esprit of France. The collar of the order surrounds the shield, and behind it are two marshals' batons semée of fleurs-de-lys. We never saw this book-plate elsewhere. It is especially interesting as a memorial of one of the attainted peerages. Of course, Charles O'Brien was no peer in British law, as the title had been attainted on account of its owner's loyalty to the house of Stuart; but the French king recognized these Jacobite titles, and they are interesting to antiquaries of the present day, now that dynastic feuds are forgotten. To give a proper idea of this interesting volume we should have to reprint the table of contents, so very miscellaneous are the things commented on. Many old book-plates are given in facsimile. Some are strangely like in execution those given in the Analogia Honorum,' which is commonly bound up with the fifth edition of John Guillim's 'Display of Heraldry,' 1679. Are they by the same artist? The engravings of the two Monson brasses in Northorpe Church are very interesting. The family are said to have been Roman Catholics. It is noteworthy that the brass with the arms attached is affixed to the medieval altar-slab, which lies just beneath the east window. This most interesting church is, we fear, threatened with restoration. We believe there are other Monson memorials, which are not seen by the casual visitor. Among certain memoranda made by Henry Downe, a merchant of Barnstaple, we find a record of a very great flood which occurred at Barnstaple in 1567. This is noteworthy if there be, as we have heard reported, persons engaged in trying to form a record of the weather in past years from chronicles and private documents. Specimens of the Original Caslon Old Face Printing To the discussion concerning the Whittingham and Types. (H. W. Caslon & Co.) Pickering types which has been conducted in our columns we owe the receipt of this handsome volume of specimens of the types due to the first Caslon in the early part of last century. The interest of the volume is not confined to the practical printer, though to such it makes most direct appeal. It supplies, among other things, a history of the establishment and fortunes of the Caslon foundry. Mountain, Moor, and Loch. Illustrated by Pen and Pencil. (Causton & Sons.) A SECOND edition of this guide to the West Highland Railway has been issued. It is, as experience tells us, a very pleasant companion on a Highland tour. Its illustrations are well executed, and its letterpress is trustworthy. Through the Green Isles. (Waterford, Harvey & Co.) A VERY pleasant and serviceable illustrated guide to the South and West of Ireland, which intending tourists will do well to slip into their pockets. The Tourist Guide to the Continent. (Lindley.) THE new issue of this well-known guide to the portion of the Continent served by the Great Eastern Railway is richer than before in maps and illustrations. How to Visit Italy. By Henry S. Lunn. (Horace Marshall & Son.) THIS work, by the editor of Travel,' answers well its purpose, and is a cheap, useful, and delightful guide to the principal cities of the Italian peninsula. Fotices to Correspondents. We must call special attention to the following notices : ON all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rule. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second communication "Duplicate." B. B. ("Punnet").-This is a word of common use, and may be found in most dictionaries. W. S. ("Gibbous Moon").-Gibbous swelling out, protuberant. The term is applied to the moon when, before and after the full, its shape is convex. E. A. CORFIELD ("Holbein's Ambassadors "").-See N. & Q.,' 8th S. viii. 502, 28 Dec., 1895. NOTICE. Editorial Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries ""-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publisher"-at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C. We beg leave to state that we decline to return com. munications which, for any reason, we do not print; and to this rule we can make no exception. LONDON, SATURDAY, JULY 11, 1896. CONTENTS.-N° 237. NOTES:-Pope's Villa at Twickenham, 21-Shakspeariana, 22-Shakspeare's First Folio - New England and the Winthrops-Curious Place-Names, 23-Burial at CrossRoads Steam Carriage for Common Roads James Simon -St. Uncumber, 24-The Grange, Brook Green-Belem nites-Misquotation-Pius VI.-Miracles at York, 25"St. Sepulchre"-"To Slop "-Thorold Family-Wheeler's 'Noted Names of Fiction,' 26. in 1717, and at that time the building consisted of a central hall, with two small rooms on each side and corresponding rooms above. The grounds extended to about five acres. Pope enlarged the building considerably, and in 1735, the date of this engraving, the house comprised a brick centre of four floors, with wings of three floors each. An inventory of the contents of the villa at the time of Pope's death was given in 'N. & Q.' for QUERIES:-The Broom Dance, 26-Saunders-Crompton-13 May, 1882. In 1743, on the death of Mrs. Hugo's Désintéressement, 27-John Morris-Edward Vernon, Pope's landlady, the house and grounds Lofthouse-Translation of Virgil-" Displenish "-Clockwere offered to him for 1,000l., but he was then "Auchtermuchty Dog"-Ubaldino's Account of England'-Coat of Arms-Gordon and Sinclair-Headley, 28 past fifty years of age, and he declined to purchase Theatre in Hammersmith-Statue of Wellington-Cotton the property. -A Joke of Sheridan, 29. The engraving published by Curll measures REPLIES:-Parish Constables' Staves, 29-Local Works on 18 in. by 113 in. (plate mark), and is well exeBrasses, 30-Topographical Collections for Counties Acuted. The view is taken from the Surrey shore, Shakspearian Desideratum-'The Secret of Stoke Manor' -Fool's Paradise, 32-Kingsley's Hypatia-Peacock's and conveys an idea of being very carefully drawn Feathers Unlucky- Nelson's "Little Emma "-Samuel on the spot. In the foreground some friends of Pepys, 33-Patriot-"Pottle "-Lady Knights-"Kneeler" Pin and Bowl-Sicker," 34-S. Blower-Column in the poet are landing in the grounds from a boat, Orme Square-Alley-Shakspeare and Ben JonsonSaunderson-Thomson's Seasons The Eye of a Por- and another boat, rowed by watermen and contrait, 35-Family Societies-Dragon-Weighing the Earth taining two ladies and a gentleman, is apparently Folk-lore: proceeding to the same destination. In front of the house is the dog Bounce. Above the picture is the title 'An Exact Drawing and View of Mr. Pope's House at Twickenham.' Below are printed sixteen lines from Pope's Second Satire. -General Pardon'- Bedford Chapel, 37 Notes. The next published view, in point of date, of Pope's villa appears to be a coloured print by J. Mason after A. Heckell. Both the design and engraving are good, but the details are probably not so exact as in Rysbrack's work. Mason's In Curll's edition of Pope's Literary Corre-print is dated 1749, and was "Printed for John spondence,' 1735, vol. ii., we learn, in the "Address to the Reader," that POPE'S VILLA AT TWICKENHAM. "while Mr. Pope was dangling, and making Gilliver and In N. & Q.' for 14 December, 1850, a query was inserted asking for information about this engraving of Pope's villa, published by Curll, but no reply, I believe, has hitherto been sent. A few years ago, thanks to Mr. Bertram Dobell, of Charing Cross Road, I came into possession of a copy of this rare print, which contains the earliest engraved view of the poet's home. It is by Parr, after a picture by Rysbrack; not the sculptor of that name, but (as Sir George Scharf informed me) his father, Peter Rysbrack, a landscape painter (1646-1726), who resided some time in England. The famous villa was taken on lease by Pope Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill." There is no alteration in the villa since 1735, but the trees in the background have considerably grown, and a good many of the outhouses and sheds on the river bank have been cleared away. The well-trimmed hedge on the right of the house in Rysbrack's picture is here replaced by a row of trees, but this change must be due to the imagination of the artist. A few years later there was another issue of this plate, but without a date, and with the address "Printed for John Bowles at the Black Horse in Cornhill and Carington Bowles at No. 69, in St. Paul's Churchyard, London." There is little change from the first state of the plate, except in the sky, in which more clouds have been introduced. Another early view of Pope's villa was "Printed for Rob Sayer at the Golden Buck, opposite Fetter Lane, Fleet St." This bears a strong resemblance to Bowles's print; but the angler on the Surrey shore in that view is here replaced by a man who is dressing himself after bathing, while at a short distance from the bank another man is swimming. Curll's print was never, I believe, reproduced, but nearly all the other views of Pope's villa are reprints from Bowles's or Sayer's engravings. After Pope's death the villa belonged successively This to Sir Wm. Stanhope, who enlarged it consider- any. So irrepressible indeed is that full stop that, ably; to Mr. Welbore Ellis, afterwards Lord notwithstanding MR. SPENCE's argument, it appears at the end of his quotation, and confers on Mendip; and lastly, to Baroness Howe. lady was so much annoyed at the number of the "touch of nature" its imaginary but popular pilgrims who came to see the place that she razed individuality. it to the ground, cut down the trees, and endeavoured to obliterate all vestiges of its former disF. G. tinguished occupant. SHAKSPEARIANA. the "A BARE BODKIN (8th S. ix. 362, 422).-I was not a little surprised on opening my 'N. & Q.' to find that what I meant for a quizzical protest against guess-work had been taken by some readers of Capt. Cuttle's note-book au sérieux. My letter stated that guess-work had been driven from etymology, and I might have added science and history, and had taken refuge in Shakespeare, where it is still rampant. I pitched upon phrase "bare bodkin "in "Hamlet,' and jestingly suggested the hypothesis of "hair bodkin"; and, after the manner of guessers, proceeded to make the " new reading" somewhat plausible, but added that I felt sure no future editor (Malone) of the great poet would adopt the substitute. In fact, I took it for granted that the suggestion would be placed in the limbo of Stevens's etymology of the word "brethren," which he derives from the word "tabernacle," because we all "breathe-therein." I sincerely hope that no one will charge me with a desire to amend Shakespeare. I have so great a reverence for the dear old bard, that I would just as soon attempt to paint the rose or "throw a perfume on the violet," as attempt to amend him. E. COBHAM BREWER, "Phillis in wandering the woodes, hanged hir selfe. Asiarchus forsaking companye spoyled himselfe with his owne bodkin. Biarus a Romaine more wise than fortunate, being alone destroyed himself with a potsherd."— Lyly, Euphues,' pp. 117, 118, ed. Arber, 1868. F. C. BIRKBECK TERRY. one 'TROILUS AND CRESSIDA,' III. iii. 175 (8th S. ix. 423).—May I deprecate a renewal in your valuable space of the exhausted discussion of touch of nature." MR. SPENCE has paid me the compliment of paraphrasing a note on the subject which you admitted in your Sixth Series. But he will find, which is more to the purpose, that PROF. SKEAT has expressed himself to the same effect. There are many less well-informed that MR. SPENCE who, either from familiarity with English literature or the habit of verifying quotations, are aware that the one natural characteristic referred to as common to all is the love of novelty. There are many more who, in ignorance that any characteristic is intended, that is, if the words have any meaning, put a full stop at kin, and effectually prevent their having Accustomed to this constant use of the words in the best serious and serio-comic periodicals, unaccustomed to 'Troilus and Cressida' on or off the stage, people are angry when made aware that their pet piece of gush is baseless. However, as in the last discussion in N. & Q.'it was maintained that, though Shakspeare's meaning was plain, etymological purism should not be allowed to interfere with this improvement on Shakspeare, little more remains to be said in these columns. 'MACBETH,' V. ii.— KILLIGREW. Both Theobald and Warburton explain this passage. mortified man "} means One of them says that desperate man"; the other says that it means 66 ascetic." They have missed the meaning altogether. Perhaps more modern commentators have "Mortified put them right. If not, I will do so. " means a man made dead, or, in other man words, a corpse. The causes that incite Siward and the others are as strong as that which would make a corpse bleed, and give tokens of alarm. It is a well-known superstition that a corpse bleeds in the presence of its murderer. In 'Richard III. Lady Anne says:— O gentlemen, see, see! dead Henry's wounds Open their congealed mouths, and bleed afresh ! E. YARDLEY. 'TAMING OF THE SHREW,' INDUCTION, i. 63–5.— Persuade him that he hath been lunatic; tAnd when he says he is, say that he dreams, For he is nothing but a mighty lord. I cannot see any difficulty in the line which the Globe edition marks with an obelus. To remove the supposed difficulty all that is necessary is to emphasize the "is" in opposition to the "hath been" preceding. "Persuade him that he hath been lunatic; and when he says he is [lunatic] What more natural say that he dreams," &c. than that poor Sly, awakening out of his drunken sleep, and finding himself in the midst of such unwouted surroundings, should imagine that he was the subject of delusion, with only sanity enough to prevent him from altogether mistaking illusion for reality? Anticipating this, the nobleman directed the servants to use all means to persuade him that, having for fifteen years laboured under the hallucination that he, a great lord, was a poor tailor, now, though his sanity was restored, the dregs of his strange delusion were still affecting him, so no particular objections could have been urged against it; but in Hamlet's speech it is the corollary or summing up of previous argument, and the "oft" is disallowable. Following the context, So oft it chances in particular men, &c., the second "oft" is not only a needless repetition but an absolute error in composition, and was certainly not perpetrated by Shakespeare; an unqualified trisyllabic verb is what is wanted. It is more than probable that much of the play was read aloud to the compositor (in 1604, when the MS. was removed from the theatre for publication), and that eale is a mistake of type, as thus: (e)a()e-an e got among the b's, and an l among the long 8's. The word should have been "base," which is the right antithesis to the "noble" in the second line : From whose so many weights of baseness cannot 'Cym.,' III. v. "Of a doubt" I take to be a sound blunder for "overdoubt," and the passage really left Shakespeare's pen thus: The dram of base C. OSMOND. Melbourne, SHAKSPEARE'S FIRST FOLIO.-Slight variations in different copies of the First Folio of Shakespeare are not uncommon. Bohn in his 'Manual' refers to a copy in the possession of Messrs. Longman which differs from all others. On p. 333 of the "Tragedies," in the play of Othello,' the words "and hell gnaw his bones" are printed instead of Roderigo's speech. This version is found in no other copy until I purchased, the other day, an imperfect First Folio having this peculiar reading. Judging by the printer's marks on the margin, it looks like a corrected proof-sheet which ought to have been cancelled. It would be interesting to know whether in any other copies proof-sheets have been overlooked. Collier has the following note: NEW ENGLAND AND THE WINTHROPS. - How the English local antiquary is apt to get away from his bearings when touching events off his own particular piece of ground is shown in the following excerpt from Mr. Lyon's scholarly 'Chronicles of Finchampstead,' London, 1895: "A great Puritan emigration to Massachusetts, or the States of New England in North America, was the result of this persecution." Is Mr. Lyon not aware that Massachusetts is one of the New England States? Moreover, has he forgotten that Connecticut, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Maine, with their teeming cities, towns, and villages, all in New England, too, were not known as States until after the United States had de clared their (or its) independence? This is in line with the recent but very excellent History of Suffolk' ("Popular County History" series) of Mr. Raven, who, in his summary of the Suffolk Winthrops, gravely throws out the fact that their descendant the late Hon. C. R. Winthrop, of Boston, Mass., one of the most eminent of American statesmen, once President of the Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston, was a "Massachusetts politician." Shades of John Quincy Adams, Daniel Webster, Henry Clay, and others of that ilk! Politician, indeed! One might as well speak of Mr. Gladstone as a Welsh politician simply, because he resides in Wales. MASSACHUSETTS. CURIOUS PLACE-NAMES. - Almost every town in every country rejoices in the possession of odd names bestowed upon them long ago, the original meaning of which they have long since outlived or belied. Thus a certain locality in Manchester is still known by the appellation of Angel Meadow-two words redolent of ethereal and rustic charms - but is the veriest antipodes of everything that is beautiful. Green Vale is another equally inappropriate sobriquet, borne by as wretched and squalid a place in the same city as the eye could rest upon. Tiger's Bayalso a local name here-is a far more fitting epithet, as really descriptive of the place which owns it. But I am more concerned in this note with such place-names as Little Ireland and Petty France. The first covers a certain Mancussian district; the second I find in Ainsworth's 'Miser's Daughter.' What was the origin of these and |