extremely thick, to hang it in an airy place, in are precious for the nonrishment they afford to order to accelerate the drying.

all domestic animals. These seeds agree pero During the time of flowering, bees come from fectly with sheep, and hogs; but above all they afar to gather the elements of honey on the are of the greatest use for feeding all sorts of flowers.

poultry. No oher food makes thern thrive so The seeds of the sun-flower are more farinace- well, nor more excites them to lay their eggs. ous than unctuous; and to this proper attention The dry stalks of the sun-flower burn well, and has not been given by those who have attempted furnish very good ashes for lye, as they contain 'to draw oil from them. Some oil may notwith much potash. To conclude, the facility of its standing be extracted, but in so small a quantity, culture, the abundance of the crops, and their as not to be worth while cultivating these plants various and interesting results, make of the sunfor the sake of this oil.

flower a new source of riches in agricultural purBut if the seeds of the sun-flower are not suits. susceptible of furnishing oil to advantage, they

HYDROSTATICS.

DEFINITIONS.

tween the former are much greater than between HYDROSTATICS is that branch of natural the latter ; which proves that a substance comphilosophy which treats of the nature, gravity, || posed of globular particles must have larger pores pressure, and mulions of fluids in general, and of than one whose particles are not round. Hence, the methods of weighing solids in thein. since water can receive a solid into its pores with.

Hydraulics relates to the motion of water out having its parts extended, it must necessarily through pipes, conduits, &c.

be composed of those particles which leave the A cubic foot, or inch, is a solid body whose greatest space between their points of contact. length, breadth, and depth, are equal.

Water is the most subtle and penetrating of Vortex is the top of any line or figure; in fluids, fire excepted; it pervades the minutest astronomy it is that point which is iminediately particles and pores of matter, the finest vessels of over our heads.

animals, and the smallest tubes of plants; pèr. The specific gravity of a body is its weight haps there exists not a substance of which water compared with another body of the same mag. forms not one of the constituent parts; air connitude. For example: if a cubical inch of one tains such a quantity of this Auid, that were the substance weigh twice as much as a cubical inch whole to be precipitated, the eartb, it is supof another substance, the specific gravity of the posed, would be covered with water to the depth former is twice as great as that of the latter. It of, at least, thirty-feet. Several curious instances is the density of a body that constitutes its have occurred of the weight of the human body specific gravity.

being encreased by the absorption of water by its pores. A lad at Newmarket, who had been

dieced for a riding match, was weighed ogle The particles of which fluids, in general, are morning at nine o'clock, and again at len, when composed, are conceived to be exceedingly small, it was found that he had gained nearly thirty smooth, hard, and spherical. Their sphericity is ounces in weight, in the course of the hour, rendered apparent by the following facts :-first, though he had drank during this interval but the facility with which they may be moved half a glass of wine. among, and over one another; secondly, from In order to ascertain whether water be or be not salt and sugar having been dissolved in water, compressible, a globe of guld was made at Flowithout increasing its bulk, which could not rence, and after being completely filled with that happen if the space, or vacuities between the Auid, was carefully closed up, that none of the particles of water, were less than what globular contents might escape; afterwards the globe was particles alone leave; and thirdly, from the pore fistened at the sides, when the water, incapable of aquatic plants, or those which live in water, l of being compressed into a smaller compass, being round.

forced its way through the pores of the gold, By putting into a wine glass some shot in its which no other fluid but fire can penetrate, and natural form, and some which has been a little formed a dew all over the surface of the globe. flattened, we shall find that the vacancies be. It is a principle in hydrostatics, that fiaids of

OF THE WEIGHT AND PRESSURE OF FLUIDS.

allows it to open

every kind press equally in all directions ; || half an inch or an inch higher, the pressure that is, they exert a pressure upwards and against it would have been less than that against sideways, which equals their pressure duwn the lower orifice, and consequently the quantity wards.

A А

of the issuing fluid would have been less in the If water, or any other fluid, were

same proportion. poured into the annexed tube at

The weight and the pressure of Auids, are two A, it would rise in the opposite

things which must on no account be confounded. side, by the force of the upward

The weight is according to the quantity; the pressure, till it became level on

pressure is according to the perpendicular height. both sides of the tube. If, instead

If a pound of water be put into a shallow vessel, of a Auid, sand or shot were

the weight and the pressure will be exactly the poured into either arm, neither

same on the bottom of the vessel; but if the of them would rise but in that

same quantity of water be put into a lube, of arm; which renders it obvious

which the bottom of the vessel is made the base, that fluids actually exert a pres

the pressure of the water against it, whatever may sure upwards.

be the difference between the diameter of the Dip one end of a tube of very narrow bore (not | weight of a column of water of the same length

tube and that of the vessel, will be equal to the more than the tenth of an inch) into a vessel of quicksilver, then stopping the upper orińce with

as that in the tube, and of the same circumference

as the circumference of the inside of the vessel. your finger, draw the tube out of the vessel,

To illustrate the when you will see a column of quicksilver hang

asser:ion:-CD reing to it; immerse it in water, still keeping your fioger on the upper opening of the tube, and

present a vessel of when you have sunk the column of mercury

water, to which a somewhat more than fourteen tiines its own

brass bottom, made depth, on removing your finger the water below

water tight, is fixed the mercury will press it upwards into the tube.

by a hinge which

& Mercury being fourteen times heavier than water, or in technical language, having fourteen times

downwards, like the

lid of an inverted more specific gravity, the upward pressure of the water cannot overcoine the downward pressurebox; by means of the mercury, till this last has descended to a

a little hook b, a depth proportional to the different weights of the l pully c, and a weight two fluids.

W, the bottom is
kept close to the

C
The lateral, or side pressure of

D A fluids, may be demonstrated by a

vessel, and will not very easy experiment. A, is a

give way till it ex. vessel filled with water, in which

periences a pressure w are two orifices of equal (liameter,

within equal to the one in the bottom of the vessel,

weight that draws it the other in the bottom of the

close to the vessel. This weight, represented side; if, prior to drawing out

by W, is equal to that of a column of water of the corks which close the holes,

the dimensions traced by the dotted lines d, s, a glass be placed under each,

e, f. P represents a tube open at both ends; then, if the corks are withdrawn at

if water be poured into it until it rise to the point the same instant, it will be found

mn, its pressure will bear clown the bottom, raise that the glasses in equal time re

the weight, and a small quantity of water will ceive an equal quantity of Auid; which could escape; when the pressure within, and the not happen if the pressure that forced it out of weight drawing without, being again in equithe side hole was not equally as great as that poise, the bottom will be held tight to the vessel which impelled it through the orifice in the as at first; if the weight were changed to one bottem.

equal to the weight of a column of water of the But the particles of a Auid press equally. in dimensions K, N, e, f, the bottom of the vessel every possible direction, so long only, as the per would not give way till the tube was filled to the pendicular height is equal; hence, if the side top. orifice, in the preceding experiment, had been

POETRY,

ORIGINAL AND SELECT.

THE DOCTOR AND HIS APPRENTICE,
Tale, by Mr. Kenney, recited by Mr. Bannister

nt his Benefit, April, 1807.
A PUPIL of 'he Esculapian school,
Was just about to quit his master's rule;
Not that he knew his trade, as it appears,
But that he then had learnt it seven years.
Bob was a beau; and to his fame be spoken
Wens, tumours, members mortified or broken,

He held it vastly filthy to be slashing ;
Whilst clean white hose he sported every day,
Doubless not chusing gentlefolks should say-

More for his mangling than his washing.
Yet, not on his acquirements here to stop,
Bobby was amply taught to mind the shop;
And found it oft, by grievous lack of pell,
A shop that no one minded but himself.
But Bob's papa indulging the conceit,
That yet his science was not quite complete,

The youth one morning thus address'd his

LINES.

Written upon a calm Sunday morning, on the Is

land in Grasmere Lake, in Westmoreland.

Ye scenes, that around me disclose
Abodes of contentinent and health,
O give to my heart that repose,
It has sought 'midst the tumults of wealth.
As I gaze on the hills that surround
And shelter from tempests the vale,
I listen with joy to the sound
That rides on the spring-breathing gale.
'Tis the sound of the bell that invites
The neighbouring shepherds to pray'r,
To thank with devotional rites
The shepherd of all for his care.
For 'tis He who their flocks will preserve
On the hills froin the bleak snow and rain,
And does not his kindness deserve
The tribute of gratitude's strain ?
Sweet Lake, in whose crystalline breast
This Island reposes her form,
May thou be thus ever at rest,
Nor move to the turbulent storm :
Ard wilt thou afford me, green Isle,
An abode of contentment and health,
A refuge from sorrow and toil
I have sought ’midst the tumult of wealth?

F. D. A.

HELVELLYN *.
DARK-GREEN was the spot 'mid the browa

mountain heather,
Where the pilgrim of nature lay stretched in

decay; Like the corpse of an vutcast abandoned to

weather,
Till the mountain-winds wasted the tenantless

clay.
Nor yet quite deserted, though lonely extended,
Por, faithfulin deaih, bis mute favourite attended:
The much-loved remains of her master defended,

And chased the hill-fox and saven away.
How long didst thou think that his silence was

slumber?
When the wind wav'd his garinent, how oft

didst thou start? How many long days and long weeks didst

thou number, Ere he faded before thee, the friend of thy

heart? And Oh! was it meet, that no requiem read

over him, No mother to weep, and no friend to deplore

him, And thou, little guardian, alone stretched before

him, Unhonour'd the pilgrim from life should de

part?

SONG.
WHAT IS LOVE?

And would'st thou with insidious art
Like as the virgin blush of morn,

My darling friend destroy, Or as the dew drop on the thorn,

And rob her unsuspecting heart Or as the primrose on the plain,

Of all its little joy. Or as the thoughts of former pleasure,

A hapless orphan maid is she, Ev'n such is Love's uncertain treasure.

Just caught in love's sweet thrall, The virgin blush of morn is o'er,

And fondly thinks she views in thee
The dew consumes the thorns no more.

Her father, mother, all.
The music's ceased, the primrose dies,
The pleasure's past--and so Love Alies.

No, Henry, scorn the coward aim,

'Tis fraught with dire disgrace; Like as the gaudy painted dream,

Ah, who could seek to brand with shame Or as the sunshine's golden beam,

My Mary's lovely face. Or as the tolling of a bell,

A holier Aame should fire thy breast, Or as the pansy's fragrant smell,

wishes

move, Or as the torch's glaring blaze, Ey'n such is Love, whose charm decays.

When she prefers thee to the rest The dream is past, the sunshine's fled,

-Who best deserves thy love.

MALION. The bell is stopp'd the pansy's dead, The sinell is lost, the torch's blaze Is ou—and so Love's flame decays.

* It alludes to the death of an unfortunate L.

gentleman, who perished by losing his way on

Helvellyn, about two years ago. His remains * This species of stanzı was first used by Smyth, were found three months afterwards, guarded in his beautiful and affecting Poem on Life, I still by a terrier bitch, that had long been the Written in 1612.

companion of his rambles.

And purer

L

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