the quire carrying b the Epiftle-book refting against his breast and holding the back of the book in his right hand.

115. The sub-deacon chants the Epiftle standing near the entrance to the quire on the fouth fide, or in the middle, holding the book for himself unless there is an ambo or lectern for it. While reading he may face either eaft or wefte; in most churches it will be better if he faces weft.

116. The Epiftle ended, the sub-deacon returns to the altar, bows in the midst as he enters the fanctuary, and paffes round to the credence table, where the clerk receives the book of the Epiftles and affifts in the preparation of the chalice.f The fub-deacon takes the filk veil from the chalice and folds it, lays it down on the credence, removes the paten and purificator and pours into the chalice fufficient wine. He then takes the cruet of water to the priest fitting in the fedilia, and holding it out to him says, "Bid a bleffing." The priest replies, "The Lord be with you." Sub-deacon, "And with thy fpirit." Prieft, "By Him be it bleffed," &c. Which done the fub-deacon returns to the credence and pours a few drops of water into the wine in the chalice. On the top of the chalice he places the paten with a fufficient number of breads and one large one for the celebrant. The paten he covers with the pall. If a ciborium is used, only the large bread for the priest is placed on the paten, the smaller breads for the communicants being put into the ciborium, which is covered with its lid. This done the fub-deacon goes to the fedilia, and taking up his biretta fits down on the left of the celebrant, the clerk arranging his dalmatic so that it is not crushed. When feated he puts on his biretta.

117. When the priest rises and goes to the altar to bless the incenfe before the Gospel the fub-deacon removes his biretta, rifes with the priest, and goes along his own ftep, or in plano, juft paft the midst of the altar, and stands there facing east.

118. The sub-deacon turns with the deacon and precedes him, following the thurifer, through the midst of the quire to the place appointed for the chanting of the Gofpel. Arrived there he will face fouth and ftand between the two candle-bearers. If there is not an ambo or lectern for the book of the Gospels the sub-deacon will hold it with both hands, refting the upper edge of the book on his forehead, above his

b Roman rubric.

• See two interesting chapters in De Vert's Explication des Cérémonies, vol. iii. p. 132, and vol. iv. p. 162, Ed. A. D. 1713, on the positions in which the Epiftle and Gospel may be read. He gives a picture of a double lectern immediately within the western entrance of the quire. See alfo Dr. Rock in the "Church of our Fathers," vol. iv. p. 210. d "Tenant lui-même le livre."-Le Vavaffeur, vol. ii. p. 414.

• For a fuller difcuffion of the position of the subdeacon while reading the Epistle, see No. 447.

"Lecta Epiftola, fubdiaconus panem et vinum . . . minifterio acoliti."-Registrum Ofmundi, xciii.

"Accipiat fubdiaconus panem et vinum et aquam cum calice, et ea præparet ad Euchariftiae miniftrationem; benedictione prius aquæ a facerdote petita."-Miffale Sarum, p. 587.

eyes, fo as not to look at the deacon. If the book refts on a lectern the sub-deacon will still support it with his hands.h In an ambo he would ftand at the fide of the deacon.

119. The Gospel ended the fub-deacon i clofes the book, and stepping forward to the right of the deacon prefents the closed book to him to kifs; which done the sub-deacon carries k the book of the Gospels back to the steps of the altar, following the thurifer. He ftops on his own step in the centre, gives the book to the deacon to present to the priest to kiss, receives it back, hands it to the clerk, and mounts to the left of the priest at the altar, where he stands till the end of the Creed. He bows, and figns himself, with the priest.

120. After the Creed has been fung, if there is a fermon, the sub-deacon goes by the short way to the fedilia, walking at the right of the celebrant, or in front of him, as is convenient. He affifts the deacon in arranging the chafuble fo that the celebrant does not fit on it, and then taking up his biretta from the feat is himself affifted to fit by the clerk, or candlebearer, who raises the dalmatic. When feated the fub-deacon puts on

his biretta.

121. When the sub-deacon is the preacher he will take off his dalmatic and maniple at the sedilia, or1 in the vestry, before he goes to the pulpit, vesting again after the fermon. If the fermon is preached from the altar the sub-deacon will not remove dalmatic or maniple.m

§ 3. From the Offertory to the end of the Service.

122. When the celebrant begins to read the offertory sentences the fub-deacon goes to the credence table, whither the clerk also goes to affift if need be. The fub-deacon takes hold of the ftem of the chalice with his left hand and placing the fingers of his right hand on the pall carries chalice and paten, as previously prepared, all together to the deacon at the epiftle corner of the altar. He then returns to the credence and brings the ciborium (if used) covered with its lid. After which he lays the purificator on the altar near the epistle corner.

123. This done the sub-deacon goes round to the left hand of the celebrant, and taking up the Miffal with its defk holds them while the oblation is being censed, and replaces them directly afterwards. He then goes by the shortest way direct to the left hand of the deacon on

"Si l'on chante l'évangile sur un pupitre, le fous-diacre se place derrière ce pupitre et soutient néanmoins le livre des deux mains."-Le Vavaffeur, vol. ii. p. 415.

1 The rubrics concerning the Gospel are intricate and confusing, but it is believed that the directions given above are fairly correct. Compare the Miffal, Gradual, Regiftrum Ofmundi, and the still existing use of Lyons.

"Subdiaconus codicem Evangelii refert; diaconus vero vacuus redit."—Durandus, lib. iv. cap. xxiv. 31.

1 The Roman rule is to remove vestments at the feat in the sanctuary; in the vestry feems preferable.

m "S'il prêchait à l'autel il pourrait garder les ornements.”—Le Vavasseur, vol. i. P. 417.

the south side of the fanctuary while the celebrant is censed, obferving directions in No. III.

124. As foon as the priest has been cenfed the fub-deacon goes up to the fouth end of the footpace, where he receives from the fecond candle-bearer the cruet of water and the dish. Holding the cruet in his right hand hen pours a few drops of water over the fingers of the celebrant, receiving the water in the difh which he holds in his left. hand.

125. Giving back the cruet and dish to the candle-bearer the fubdeacon goes round in plano to the centre of the altar and stands in his place facing east.

126. As foon as the deacon has been censed, the fub-deacon turns fouthwards towards the thurifer and is cenfed with two double swings. Turning eastward again, he remains in his place behind the deacon, in a line with him and the priest.

127. When the celebrant has said, "Brethren and fifters pray for me," &c. (fee No. 211), the sub-deacon as well as the deacon answers in a low voice.p

128. He receives the alms-bason from the candle-bearer and hands it to the deacon.

129. It seems defirable at the Exhortation, when the priest turns to the people, for the sub-deacon to move a little northwards and, whether standing or kneeling, to remain north of the centre till after the Comfortable Words.

130. During the Confeffion and Absolution the fub-deacon will kneel. 131. At the Preface the fub-deacon ftands in the centre behind the deacon.q

132. At the last words r of the Preface the sub-deacon goes up to the left of the celebrant on the footpace and stands there inclining flightly s during the Sanctus and until the celebrant ftands upright and croffes himself (fee No. 218), when the sub-deacon does likewife. He then turns round, descends the steps, and returns to his placet in the centre. N. B. No minister should defcend the steps backwards from the altar.

133. When the priest kneels to say the prayer of Humble Access the fub-deacon kneels, rifing again with the priest.

134. At the Confecration the sub-deacon will "incline,” u ¿.e. bow

n "Sacerdos manus abluat minifterio fubdiaconi et aliorum miniftrorum."-Regiftrum Ofmundi. The detail of directions given is from the Roman use at a funeral mass when the fub-deacon does not hold the paten.

• The Regiftrum Ofmundi directs the deacons and fub deacons to stand in order on their steps. The deacons ftood in a line behind the celebrant, one behind another; the fub-deacons stood in a similar line one behind another on the east side of the altar, facing the celebrant, but with the altar between him and them.

P "Refponfio clerici privatim.”—Missale Sarum.

9 Miffale Romanum.

r Le Vavaffeur, vol. ii. p. 419.

See introduction to the Sarum Miffal in English, p. xi.; alfo De Moleon's Voyages Liturgiques, p. 290, quoted at end of Miffal in English; alfo Regiftrum Ofmundi, xciii.; and compare with these a passage in Le Brun's Explication de la

F

profoundly and reverently, bending the body from the hips. After the Confecration Prayer, during the priest's private prayers, he will stand with his arms croffed on his breast, bending flightly forward, and observing the celebrant, will "incline" with him whenever he "inclines."

135. When the celebrant is ready to communicate the people and turns to deliver the chalice to the deacon, the sub-deacon genuflects ▾ with the deacon and goes to the north part of the sanctuary, where he ftands facing fouth while the people are being communicated; unless he is required to assist in the administration to the people, when fee No. 176. This ended, and when the celebrant is about to veil what remains with the "fair linen cloth," the sub-deacon will genuflect towards the Blessed Sacrament and then return to his place in the centre, where he will genuflect again.

136. He stands here during the Lord's Prayer and Collect following. At the intonation of the Gloria in excelfis he will genuflect together with the deacon, and mount to the left of the celebrant on the footpace. He will bow and fign himself together with the celebrant.

W

137. At the end of the Gloria the sub-deacon will incline with the celebrant and at once kneel on the step below the footpace for the Bleffing.

138. After the Bleffing the celebrant "inclines" towards the Blessed Sacrament, and as he raises himself the sub-deacon will rife from his knees. After the candle-bearers have gone to the credence table he will genuflect and go up to the epistle corner of the altar, and standing there at the south end of the footpace receive from the first candlebearer the cruets of wine and water.

139. The sub-deacon takes the wine-cruet by the handle in his right hand, the water in his left, and when the celebrant comes with the chalice he pours a little wine into the chalice. When the celebrant has drunk this, the sub-deacon pours water z into the chalice over the fingers of the celebrant and into the ciborium and paten.a This done,

Meffe, vol. i. p. 479, as to all who hear the bell at the Elevation being required to proftrate themselves, according to the rules of "L'Ordre de Prémontré institué l'an 1120," "excepté le diacre et le foudiacre de l'autel."

See No. 444.

w Miffale Romanum, Rubricæ generales.

"Au côté de l'évangile fur le fecond degré ou fur le degré plus élevé.”—Le Vavaffeur. It is convenient in the English rite for the fub-deacon to kneel below the footpace.

y" Accedat fubdiaconus et effundat in calicem vinum et aquam."-Miffale Sarum, p. 627. "Vinum vel aquam.”—Sarum Manual. "Deinde eat facerdos ad dextrum cornu.... et accedat fubdiaconus et effundat in calicem vinum, et refcinceret," &c.MS. Sarum Miffal at Emmanuel College, Cambridge.

....

z "Hic infundat aquam in calicem."-Manuals of A.D. 1542 and 1554. Also see Miffal in English, p. 320, rubrics and "note." The various Miffals and the Manuals at first fight appear not to agree in their directions, but on comparing them it seems that the direction "vinum et aquam" merely gives a fummary of the whole procefs. Cf. a MS. Miffal at Caius College, Cambridge, and the Miffal printed by Pynfon, A.D. 1500.

a See No. 244, note r.

he will give back the cruets to the candle-bearer and hand the purificator to the priest, affifting to wipe the vessels.

140. The fub-deacon will remove the ciborium to the credence table and then go behind the deacon in the centre, where he receives the chalice and paten, &c. from the deacon, and, paffing them on to the clerk to carry out in like manner as he brought them in, goes up on to the footpace at the left of the celebrant, who will be faying "O most Holy Trinity," and when he figns himself at the end the sub-deacon also figns himself, and clofes the Miffal, leaving it where it is.b

141. He will bow, turn by the right, and come down from the altar with the celebrant. At the bottom of the steps he turns by the left to face the altar again, receives his biretta from the boat-bearer, bows and turns with the other minifters. Then, preceding the deacon, he follows the thurifers out to the veftry.d He puts on his biretta as he passes out of quire.

142. In the veftry the fub-deacon places himself at the left of the celebrant and takes off his biretta while the prayer is said with the choir. After this he will take off his maniple and affift the priest to unvest before he unvests himself.

THE

ARTICLE V.

THE OFFICE OF DEACON AT HIGH MASS.

§ 1. General Directions.

143.

HE deacon will fee that the markers in the Miffal are set right for a the celebrant. He will vest in cassock, amice, alb, girdle, and a stole on his left shoulder tied on his right hip. Over all he wears a dalmatic, except in Advent and Lent (fee No. 105). The deacon then, conjointly with the fub-deacon, affifts the celebrant to veft, and all three put on their birettas together after the prayer with the choir. The maniple is not worn till after the proceffion. Priests and bishops may act as deacon at a High Mass.

§2. From the Procession to the Offertory.

144. The deacon removes his biretta on entering the quire,f and puts it on again as he defcends into the nave. Before the (bleffing of

b"Tous les auteurs."-Le Vavasseur.

a See No. 56, notes h and i.

• See No. 7.

• All Roman authorities for days on which, in the Roman rite, there is a proceffion before Mass; and fee No. 183, note r.

See No. 107, note 7; and in other directions which are naturally the fame for both deacon and fub-deacon, refer to Article iv. of this chapter on "the Office of Subdeacon."