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bearers will go towards one another without their candles, and standing fide by fide before the midst of the altar, will genuflect and then go to the credence. The firft candle-bearer will take the two cruets,f the wine in his right hand, the water in his left, and, facing north, will ftand in readiness to hand them on to the sub-deacon, when he comes to the fouth corner of the altar to receive them.

54. The fecond candle-bearer, taking the filk chalice veilf from the credence, stands on the left of the first candle-bearer, holding the veil till the celebrant has received the first ablution, when he carries it to the deacon in the midst of the altar. He will carry the veil folded as it was when on the credence, and will go round outside the facred ministers, and ascend the steps to the altar a little north of the centre, mounting ftraight from the west. He ftands below the footpace till the deacon receives the veil from him. He then comes straight down from the altar till he reaches his own plane or step, when he turns to the right and goes off to his proper place by his candlestick, where he remains facing.

east.

When the first candle-bearer has received back both cruets from the sub-deacon, and replaced them on the credence, he goes round to his place by his candlestick, and stands there facing east.

55. When the clerk goes up to receive the facred vessels, the candlebearers take up their candles, and, turning with the clerk, precede him to the spot where at the commencement of service they waited to receive him. Arrived there, they open out facing inwards while he paffes between them, and then return to the places they occupied at the Introit. N.B.-As the candle-bearers re-enter the fanctuary, they may cross over to one another's places, fo as to be in the correct relative positions when they turn to go out.

56. When the celebrant bows to the altar and turns to leave, the candle-bearers bow with him, and immediately turn and head the proceffion, returning to the facrifty as they came in during the Introit,i i. e. without the cross, or holy water.

57. In the facrifty the candle-bearers will hold their candles till the prayer is faid, when they will fet them in the appointed place and extinguish them. When the celebrant has taken off his vestments the candle-bearers will affift the deacon and fub-deacon to unvest,k after which they will go to extinguish the altar lights unless fome other perfon is appointed to do that work.k

58. In extinguishing the lights those which are furtheft from the cross

Le Vavaffeur, vol. ii. p. 287.

g" Diaconus corporalia complicet, . . . ipfumque calicem, dum communio dicitur, ipfi acolyto committat. Qui... ea folemnitate qua cum apportaverit, reportet."Manuale Ecclesiæ Sarisburiensis, A. D. 1554.

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h Miffale; and also Sacerdos cum fuis miniftris, modo quo acceffit, abscedat.”— Regiftrum Ofmundi, § xciii.

"Eo ordine quo prius accefferunt ad altare in principio miffæ."— Miffale Sarum, p. 629. Le Vavaffeur, vol. ii. p. 288.

should be put out first, and if one perfon alone is putting them out he should commence on the gospel side.m

ON

ARTICLE II.

THE OFFICE OF THURIFER AT HIGH MASS.

§ 1. General Directions.

59.

N principal and greater Doubles twon thurifers, each carrying a censer, may go in proceffion, but even on these great Feasts only one censer will be ordinarily used after the proceffion. The second thurifero may then have charge of the incense-boat.

60. A thurifer will be careful to be in the facrifty a confiderable time before the hour of service, to light the charcoal and get it to burn well. 61. The thurifers will be vested as the candle-bearers P in caffock, amice, alb, and girdle. They are never to wear P zuchetto or biretta when officiating.

§2. From the Proceffion to the Offertory.

62. The thurifers ftand in the midst of quire a (during the blessing of the water) further from the altar than the priest, but nearer than, or in a line with, the candle-bearers. If both have cenfers, one must also have the incenfe-boat.

63. The incenfe is put into the cenfer (or cenfers) by the deacon, and then blessed by the celebrant, after which the thurifer lets down the lid fo as nearly to close the cenfer.

In presenting the cenfer to have incense put into it, the thurifer will always hold it in his left hand by the small cover at the top of the chains; opening it by drawing up the chain of the lid a few inches with his right hand, he will with the fame hand catch the three other chains about the middle, and raise the censer thus opened to a convenient height. If he has the incenfe-boat, he will give it to the deacon before he opens, and receive it back after he has closed, the censer.

64. In the procession the thurifer and boat-bearer (or the two thurifers) walk fide by fide behind the candle-bearers. The thurifer, having the boat-bearer on his left, will carry the cenfer in his right hand, swinging it gently to keep the charcoal alight and the incense burning.

m Baldeschi, and others.

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n Miffal in English, p. 1. Also see No. 438.

Le second porte la navette."-Manuel de Paris. "Simili habitu."-Proceffionale Sarum. "Le thuriféraire, le porte-croix, et les acolytes, qui ne fe couvrent jamais."-Le Vavaleur, vol. i. p. 629.

q"Cum thuribulario et ceroferariis et acolito crucem deferente omnibus albis indutis et in medio presbyterii ad altare conversis."-MS. Miffal.

r See No. 83.

"Deinde ponat diaconus thus in thuribulum."-Miffale Sarum, p. 581.

t MS. Miffal.

65. On the return of the procession the thurifers follow the candlebearers into the facrifty, and if two cenfers have been used one is now put away. In the cenfer to be used during Mafs the charcoal must be blown up to burn brightly, or, if necessary, replenished.

66. When the celebrant gives the fignal to leave the facrifty, the thurifer and boat-bearer follow the candle-bearers," walking fide by fide. When the candle-bearers halt at the step of the fanctuary, the thurifers halt alfo and face inwards to allow the facred minifters to pass; the thurifer with the cenfer facing north with the first candle-bearer on his right between himself and the altar, the boat-bearer facing fouth with the second candle-bearer on his left between himself and the altar.w

67. When the candle-bearers enter the fanctuary, the thurifer and boat-bearer will place themselves fide by fide in the centre just outside the fanctuary, or at least several paces further from the altar than the facred ministers, the boat-bearer being on the left of the thurifer.

68. The boat-bearer gives the incenfe-boat to the thurifer to hold while he goes and receives, first from the sub-deacon his biretta, then from the deacon the birettas of priest and deacon. He carries the three birettas to the fedilia, placing one on each seat, and, returning to the left of the thurifer, takes back his incenfe-boat.

69. When the celebrant goes up to the altar, the thurifer and boatbearer go up behind him; the boat-bearer ministers to the deacon, who puts incense into the cenfer held open by the thurifer (fee plate, Fig. 1); the celebrant then bleffes the incenfe, after which the thurifer, having fhut the lid of the cenfer, hands it to the deacon. Thurifer and boatbearer then turn round and defcend from the altar, in the centre, to the plane. The thurifer goes to the fouth fide of the fanctuary and stands in plano, facing north, during the cenfing of the altar and the celebrant.y The boat-bearer at once carries the boat to the facrifty, and then returns to his place in the quire, or near the credence table.

70. While the deacon is cenfing the celebrant, the thurifer stands on his right hand a little behind him, and bows as the deacon bows.2

71. The cenfing of the celebrant being ended, the thurifer receives back the cenfer from the deacon, takes it to the facrifty, leaves it there,a and returns to his place near the credence.b He or the boat-bearer will be ready, if required, to affift the clerk in taking off the humeral veil when the chalice is brought in (fee No. 94).

72. After (or before) the Epistle the thurifer and boat-bearer will go to the facrifty to fetch the cenfer and incenfe, and will return towards the end of the Gradual or Tract, fo timing themselves that they are ready

■ "Primo ceroferarii duo pariter incedentes, deinde thuribularii.”—Missale Sarum, P. 582. "En arrivant à l'autel, le thuriféraire fe place à l'ordinaire du côté de l'épître; f'ils font deux, l'autre fe met vis-à-vis, du côté de l'évangile."-Manuel de Paris.

See No. 439.

"Au bas des dégrés du côté de l'épître."-Le Vavasseur, vol. ii. p. 253. a Ibid.

z Ibid. p. 254.

b Ibid. p. 252.

to go up behind the deacon when he goes to the centre of the altar. The incense will be put into the cenfer and blessed (fee plate, Fig. 4 and No. 69); after which done, the boat-bearer returns, as before, to his place.

73. The thurifer waits in the centre below the footpace till the deacon has cenfed the Gospel-book, to be ready to receive back his cenfer. He will follow the candle-bearers through the quire to the place where the Gospel is to be fung.

с

74. During the chanting of the Gospel the thurifer ftands behind the deacon, turned towards him, and swings the cenfer gentlyd from fide to side with the lid a little open (see plate, Fig. 3).

75. The Gospel ended, the thurifer will follow the candle-bearers back through the quire to the steps of the sanctuary, where he will stand on one fide and wait till the deacon has paffed. He will then take the cenfer back to the facrifty, and if there is no fermon he will at once replenish the fire in the cenfer.

§3. From the Offertory to the end of the Service.

76. When the priest prepares to offer the bread and wine, the thurifer with the cenfer, and boat-bearer with the boat, will place themselves in the positions they occupied before the censing at the Introit, No. 67.

77. When the oblation has been made, and the deacon is covering the chalice with the pall, the thurifer and boat-bearer go up just behind the celebrant. They will obferve all described in No. 69.

78. When the deacon has finished censing round about the altar, he comes to the right hand of the sub-deacon, who is standing in the centre in flano, the thurifer advances to the right of the deacon, standing there he receives back the cenfer, and when the deacon has mounted to his place and turned fouthwards the thurifer cenfes him with two double fwings,f bowing to him before and after. He then, without moving from his place, censes the sub-deacon in like manner.

79. The thurifer then turns to the right and censes the clerk and the two candle-bearers each with one fingle fwing. He bows before he censes the first and after he has censed the last.h He then goes to cense the choir.

80. He commences with the incumbent in the stall nearest the chancel gate on the south side, or in his absence the priest in the next stall,i proceeding thus in order till he has censed all priests and deacons in the upper grade on the decani fide with two double fwings each. After this he will cense each of the clergy in the upper grade on the cantoris side in

• Ibid.

c "Thuribularius vero ftet poft diaconum ad eum converfus."-Miffale Sarum, P. 13. d Le Vavaffeur, vol. ii. p. 255. "Tous les auteurs."-Ibid. p. 256.

g" 'Puis fe retourne fur fa droite et encenfe les acolytes."-Ibid.

i

h Ibid.

Incipiens ab ipfo decano vel a proxi mioftallo, eo abfente," &c.—Missale Sarum, p. 594.

fimilar order, bowing to each perfon before and after he cenfes him. If there are rulers or cantors standing in the midst of the quire, they are censed first before the clergy in the stalls.j

81. He then censes the second grade, first on the decani fide, then on the cantoris.k After these the third grade in like manner. The second and third grades are cenfed with one single swing to each grade, or, if there is room and the choir is numerous, with several single swings as the thurifer walks along in front of the row. In either cafe he bows to each

grade once before and once after they are cenfed.

82. The thurifer will then put away m the cenfer in the facrifty and return to his place, where he remains, standing, kneeling, and bowing with the choir. At the end of Mafs, when the clerk has carried out the chalice, and the candle-bearers return to the fanctuary step, the thurifer and boat-bearer will stand between them or in front of them facing east, the boat-bearer having first fetched the three birettas of the facred minifters from the fedilia.

:

83. The arrangement of places in the line of four, facing east, will be this towards the north the first candle-bearer; on his right, the thurifer; on his right, the boat-bearer; and on his right, the second candle-bearer; when they turn round they will be ready to go out through the midst of the quire in their proper pofitions.

84. When the facred minifters defcend from the altar the boat-bearer gives them their birettas, and as they turn east again to bow, the thurifer and boat-bearer bow to the altar, turn inwards, and follow the candlebearers out to the vestry.

THE

ARTICLE III.

THE OFFICE OF CLERK AT HIGH MASS.

§1. General Directions.

85.

HE third acolyte, who brings in the facred veffels, is distinguished in this book as "the clerk" (fee No. 440). It is defirable that the office should be filled by some one specially selected for his reverent demeanour.

86. He will fee that the ciborium, if used, is on the credence table, and that in the facrifty the chalice has been properly prepared by the fub-deacon, with paten, veils, and burfe (fee No. 251), or he may himself prepare the chalice if he has permiffion fo to do.

J Miffale Sarum, p. 594.

1 "En paffant."-Le Vavaffeur, vol. i. p. 374.

k Ibid.

m The rubrics in the Sarum books make no mention of any use of incense after the cenfing of the Offertory, and the rubric in the Miffa pro defunctis diftinctly excludes the use of it at funerals after this point in the service. The Confuetudinarium of Wells, fo. 9, clearly shows that the final censing was at the Offertorium.

n Le Vavaffeur, vol. ii. p. 258.

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