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involuntary servitude.

conscience.

Of slavery, and SEC. 6. There shall be no slavery in this State; nor involuntary servitude, unless for the punishment of crime. Of the rights of SEC. 7. All men have a natural and indefeasible right to worship Almighty God according to the dictates of their own conscience. No person shall be compelled to attend, erect, or support any place of worship, or maintain any form of worship, against his consent; and no preference shall be given, by law, to any religious society; nor shall any interference with the rights of conscience be permitted. No religious test shall be required, as a qualification for office, nor shall any person be incompetent to be a witness on account of his religious belief; but nothing herein shall be construed to dispense with The necessity of oaths and affirmations. Religion, morality, and knowledge, however, being essential to good government, it shall be the duty of the General Assembly to pass suitable laws, to protect every religious denomination in the peaceable enjoyment of its own mode of public worship, and to encourage schools and the means of instruction.

religion & know. ledge.

habeas corpus.

Of the writ of SEC. 8. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless, in case of rebellion or invasion, the public safety require it.

Bailable offences

SEC. 9. All persons shall be bailable by sufficient sureties, except for capital offences where the proof is evident, or the Of bail, fine and presumption great. Excessive bail shall not be required; nor excessive fines imposed; nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted.

punishment.

accused persons

SEC. 10. Except in cases of impeachment, and cases arising in the army and navy, or in the militia when in actual service in time of war or public danger, and in cases of petit larceny and other inferior offences, no person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on Of the trial of presentment or indictment of a grand jury. In any trial, in and their rights, any court, the party accused shall be allowed to appear and defend in person and with counsel; to demand the nature and cause of the accusation against him, and to have a copy there. of; to meet the witnesses face to face, and to have compulsory process to procure the attendance of witnesses in his behalf, and a speedy public trial by an impartial jury of the county or district, in which the offence is alleged to have been committed; nor shall any person be compelled, in any crimi

nal case, to be a witness against himself, or be twice put in

jeopardy for the same offence.

of speech and of

SEC. 11. Every citizen may freely speak, write, and pub- of the freedom lish his sentiments on all subjects, being responsible for the the press. abuse of the right; and no law shall be passed to restrain or abridge the liberty of speech, or of the press. In all criminal of libels. prosecutions for libel, the truth may be given in evidence to the jury, and if it shall appear to the jury, that the matter charged as libelous is true, and was publishedwith good motives, and for justifiable ends, the party shall be acquitted.

&c. for crimes.

SEC. 12. No person shall be transported out of the State, Transportation, for any offence committed within the same; and no conviction shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture of estate.

troops.

SEC. 13. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in of quartering any house, without the consent of the owner; nor, in time of war, except in the manner prescribed by law.

and general war

rants.

SEC. 14. The right of the people to be secure in their per- search warrants sons, houses, papers, and possessions, against unreasonable searches and seizures shall not be violated; and no warrant shall issue, but on probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, particularly describing the place to be searched, and the person and things to be seized.

ment for debt.

SEC. 15. No person shall be imprisoned for debt in any No imprisoncivil action, on mesne or final process, unless in cases of fraud.

courts.

SEC. 16. All courts shall be open, and every person, for of redress in an injury done him in his land, goods, person, or reputation, shall have remedy by due course of law; and justice administered without denial or delay.

ileges, &c.

SEC. 17. No hereditary emoluments, honors, or privileges, Hereditary privshall ever be granted or conferred by this State.

SEC. 18. No power of suspending laws shall ever be ex- Suspension of ercised, except by the General Assembly.

laws.

bility of private

SEC. 19. Private property shall ever be held inviolate, but of the inviolasubservient to the public welfare. When taken in time of property. war or other public exigency, imperatively requiring its im mediate seizure or for the purpose of making or repairing roads, which shall be open to the public, without charge, a compensation shall be made to the owner, in money, and in all other cases, where private property shall be taken for pub

Powers reserved to the people.

In whom legislative power is vested.

When chosen.

Residence.

Eligibility.

lic use, a compensation therefor shall first be made in money, or first secured by a deposit of money; and such compensation shall be assessed by a jury, without deduction for benefits to any property of the owner.

SEC. 20. This enumeration of rights shall not be construed to impair or deny others retained by the people; and all powers, not herein delegated, remain with the people.

ARTICLE II.

LEGISLATIVE.

SECTION 1. The Legislative power of this State shall be vested in a General Assembly, which shall consist of a Senate, and House of Representatives.

SEC. 2. Senators and Representatives shall be elected biennially, by the electors in the respective counties or districts, on the second Tuesday of October; their term of office shall commence on the first day of January next thereafter, and continue two years.

SEC. 3. Senators and Representatives shall have resided in their respective counties, or districts, one year next preceding their election, unless they shall have been absent on the public business of the United States, or of this State.

SEC. 4. No person holding office under the authority of the United States, or any lucrative office under the authority of this State, shall be eligible to, or have a seat in, the General Assembly; but this provision shall not extend to township officers, justices of the peace, notaries public, or officers of the militia.

Who shall not SEC. 5. No person hereafter convicted of an embezzlement

hold office.

Powers of each
House.

of the public funds, shall hold any office in this State; nor shall any person, holding public money for disbursement, or otherwise, have a seat in the General Assembly, until he shall have accounted for, and paid such money into the treasury.

SEC. 6. Each House shall be judge of the election, returns, and qualifications of its own members; a majority of all the members elected to each House, shall be a quorum to do business; but, a less number may adjourn from day to day, and compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner, and under such penalties, as shall be prescribed by law.

House of Repre.

SEC. 7. The mode of organizing the House of Represen- Organization of tatives, at the commencement of each regular session, shall be sentatives. prescribed by law.

of punishment

SEC. 8. Each House, except as otherwise provided in this Rules and right constitution, shall choose its own officers, may determine its and expulsion. own rules of proceeding, punish its members for disorderly conduct; and, with the concurrence of two-thirds, expel a member, but not the second time for the same cause; and, shall have all other powers, necessary to provide for its safety, and the undisturbed transaction of business.

and nays.

SEC. 9. Each House shall keep a correct journal of its Journal and yeas proceedings, which shall be published. At the desire of any two members, the yeas and nays shall be entered upon the journal; and, on the passage of every bill, in either House, the vote shall be taken by yeas and nays, and entered upon the journal; and no law shall be passed, in either House, without the concurrence of a majority of all the members elected thereto.

Right of mem

SEC. 10. Any member of either House shall have the right bers to protest. to protest against any act, or resolution thereof; and such protest, and the reasons therefor, shall, without alteration, commitment, or delay, be entered upon the journal.

ther House, how

SEC. 11. All vacancies which may happen in either House Vacancies in eishall, for the unexpired term, be filled by election, as shall be filled. directed by law.

members from

speech.

SEC. 12. Senators and Representatives, during the session Privilege of of the General Assembly, and in going to, and returning from arrest, and of the same, shall be privileged from arrest, in all cases, except treason, felony, or breach of the peace; and for any speech, or debate, in either House, they shall not be questioned elsewhere. SEC. 13. The proceedings of both Houses shall be public, When session to except in cases which, in the opinion of two-thirds of those present, require secrecy.

be public.

journment.

SEC. 14. Neither House shall, without the consent of the Power of adother, adjourn for more than two days, Sundays excluded; nor to any other place than that, in which the two Houses shall be in session.

originate.

SEC. 15. Bills may originate in either House; but may be Where bills shal altered, amended, or rejected in the other.

Bills to be read three times.

SEC. 16. Every bill shall be fully and distinctly read, on three different days, unless, in case of urgency, three-fourths of the House, in which it shall be pending, shall dispense with Not to contain this rule. No bill shall contain more than one subject, which subject. shall be clearly expressed in its title; and no law shall be revived, or amended, unless the new act contain the entire act revived, or the section or sections amended; and the section, or sections, so amended, shall be repealed.

more than one

Acts revived or amended.

To be signed by presiding officers

Style of laws.

Exclusion from office.

SEC. 17. The presiding officer of each House shali sign, publicly in the presence of the House over which he presides, while the same is in session, and capable of transacting business, all bills and joint resolutions passed by the General Assembly.

SEC. 18. The style of the laws of this State shall be, "Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of Ohio."

SEC. 19. No Senator or Representative shall, during the term for which he shall have been elected, or for one year thereafter, be appointed to any civil office under this State, which shall be created or the emoluments of which, shall have been increased, during the term, for which he shall have been elected.

Term of office, SEC. 20. The General Assembly, in cases not provided for tion of officers in this constitution, shall fix the term of office and the com

and compensa

in certain cases. pensation of all officers; but no change therein shall affect the salary of any officer during his existing term, unless the office be abolished.

tions.

Contested elec- SEC. 21. The General Assembly shall determine, by law, before what authority, and in what manner, the trial of contested elections shall be conducted.

Appropriations.

Impeachment, how instituted

SEC. 22. No money shall be drawn from the treasury, except in pursuance of a specific appropriation, made by law; and no appropriation shall be made for a longer period than two years.

SEC. 23. The House of Representatives shall have the sole and conducted. power of impeachment, but a majority of the members elected must concur therein. Impeachments shall be tried by the Senate; and the Senators, when sitting for that purpose, shall be upon oath or affirmation to do justice according to law and evidence. No person shall be convicted without the concurrence of two-thirds of the Senators.

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