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Their jurisdiction.

District Courts.

Their jurisdiction.

Probate Courts.

Their jurisdiction.

subdivided into three parts, of compact territory, bounded by county lines, and as nearly equal in population as practicable; in each of which, one Judge of the court of common pleas for said district, and residing therein, shall be elected by the electors of said subdivision. Courts of common pleas shall be held, by one or more of these Judges in every county in the district, as often as may be provided by law; and more than one court, or sitting thereof, may be held at the same time in each district.

SEC. 4. The jurisdiction of the courts of common pleas, and of the Judges thereof, shall be fixed by law.

SEC. 5. District courts shall be composed of the Judges of the court of common pleas of the respective districts, and one of the Judges of the supreme court, any three of whom shall be a quorum, and shall be held in each county therein, at least once in each year, but, if it shall be found inexpedient to hold such court annually, in each county, of any district, the General Assembly may, for such district, provide that said court shall hold at least three annual sessions therein, in not less than three places: Provided, that the General Assembly may, by law, authorize the Judges of each district to fix the times of holding the courts therein.

SEC. 6. The district court shall have like original jurisdiction with the supreme court, and such appellate jurisdiction as may be provided by law.

SEC. 7. There shall be established in each county, a Probate court, which shall be a court of record, open at all times, and holden by one Judge, elected by the voters of the county, who shall hold his office for the term of three years, and shall receive such compensation, payable out of the county treasury, or by fees, or both, as shall be provided by law.

SEC. 8. The Probate court shall have jurisdiction in probate and testamentary matters, the appointment of administrators and guardians, the settlement of the accounts of executors, administrators and guardians, and such jurisdiction in nabeas corpus, the issuing of marriage licenses, and for the sale of land by executors, administrators and guardians, and such other jurisdiction, in any county, or counties, as may be provided by law.

Peace.

SEC. 9. A competent number of justices of the peace shall Justices of the be elected, by the electors, in each township in the several counties. Their term of office shall be three years, and their powers and duties shall be regulated by law.

SEC. 10. All Judges, other than those provided for in this Other judges. constitution, shall be elected by the electors of the judicial district for which they may be created, but not for a longer term of office than five years.

Supreme judges.

SEC. 11. The Judges of the Supreme Court shall, immedi- Classification of ately after the first election under this constitution, be classified by lot, so that one shall hold for the term of one year, one for two years, one for three years, one for four years, and one for five years; and, at all subsequent elections, the term of each of said Judges shall be for five years.

judges, their

SEC. 12. The Judges of the courts of common pleas shall, Common Pleas while in office, reside in the district for which they are elected, term of office and their term of office shall be for five years.

filled.

SEC. 13. In case the office of any Judge shall become va- Vacancies, bow cant, before the expiration of the regular term for which he was elected, the vacancy shall be filled by appointment by the Governor, until a successor is elected and qualified; and such successor shall be elected for the unexpired term, at the first annual election that occurs more than thirty days after the vacancy shall have happened.

of judges.

SEC. 14. The Judges of the supreme court, and of the court Compensation of common pleas, shall, at stated times, receive, for their ser vices, such compensation as may be provided by law, which shall not be diminished, or increased, during their term of office; but they shall receive no fees or perquisites, nor hold any other office of profit or trust, under the authority of this State, or the United States. All votes for either of them, for any elective Ineligible to office, except a judicial office, under the authority of this State, given by the General Assembly, or the people, shall

be void.

other offices.

SEC. 15. The General Assembly may increase, or diminish, Number of judg of inthe number of the Judges of the supreme court, the number of creased or dithe districts of the court of common pleas, the number of Judges and other courts

minished, districts altered,

in any district, change the districts, or the subdivisions thereof, established. or establish other courts, whenever two-thirds of the members elected to each House shall concur therein; but no such change, addition, or diminution, shall vacate the office of any judge.

Clerks of courts

Judges removable

Powers and ju risdiction.

Courts of Con. ciliation.

Style of process, prosecution and indictment.

Who may vote,

SEC. 16. There shall be elected in each county, by the electors thereof, one clerk of the court of common pleas, who shall hold his office for. the term of three years, and until his successor shall be elected and qualified. He shall, by virtue of his office, be clerk of all other courts of record held therein; but the General Assembly may provide, by law, for the election of a clerk, with a like term of office, for each or any other of the courts of record, and may authorize the Judge of the Probate court to perform the duties of clerk for his court, under such regulations as may be directed by law. Clerks of Courts shall be removable for such cause, and in such manner, as shall be prescibed by law.

SEC. 17. Judges may be removed from office, by concurrent resolution of both Houses of the General Assembly, if two-thirds of the members, elected to each House, concur therein; but, no such removal shall be made, except upon complaint, the substance of which shall be entered on the journal, nor, until the party charged shall have had notice thereof, and an opportunity to be heard.

SEC. 18. The several Judges of the supreme court, of the common pleas, and of such other courts as may be created, shall, respectively, have and exercise such power and jurisdiction, at chambers, or otherwise, as may be directed by law.

SEC. 19. The General Assembly may establish courts of Conciliation, and prescribe their powers and duties; but such courts shall not render final judgment in any case, except upon submission, by the parties, of the matter in dispute, and their agreement to abide such judgment.

SEC. 20. The style of all process shall be, "The State of Ohio;" all prosecutions shall be carried on, in the name, and by the authority, of the State of Ohio; and all indictments shall conclude, "against the peace and dignity of the State of Ohio."

ARTICLE V.

ELECTIVE FRANCHISE.

SEC. 1. Every white male citizen of the United States, of the age of twenty-one years, who shall have been a resident of the State one year next preceding the election, and of the county,

township, or ward, in which he resides, such time as may be provided by law, shall have the qualifications of an elector, and be entitled to vote at all elections.

SEC. 2. All elections shall be by ballot.

By ballot.

SEC. 3. Electors, during their attendance at elections, and Voters, when privileged from in going to, and returning therefrom, shall be privileged from arrest. arrest, in all cases, except treason, felony, and breach of the

peace.

elective fran

SEC. 4. The General Assembly shall have power to ex- Forfeiture of clude from the privilege of voting, or of being eligible to office, chise. any person convicted of bribery, perjury, or other infamous crime.

SEC. 5. No person in the Military, Naval, or Marine vice of the United States, shall, by being stationed in garrison, or military, or naval station, within the State, be sidered a resident of this State.

ser- Persons not

considered resi

any dents of the

con

State.

SEC. 6. No idiot, or insane person, shall be entitled to the Idiots or insane privileges of an elector.

persons.

ARTICLE VI.

EDUCATION.

cational and re

SEC. 1. The principal of all funds, arising from the sale, or Funds for edu other disposition of lands, or other property, granted or en- ligious purposes trusted to this State for educational and religious purposes, shall forever be preserved inviolate, and undiminished; and, the income arising therefrom, shall be faithfully applied to the specific objects of the original grants, or appropriations.

SEC. 2. The General Assembly shall make such provisions, School funds. by taxation, or otherwise, as, with the income arising from the school trust fund, will secure a thorough and efficient system of common schools throughout the State; but, no religious or other sect, or sects, shall ever have any exclusive right to, or control of, any part of the school funds of this State.

ARTICLE VII.

PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS.

and Deaf and

SEC. 1. Institutions for the benefit of the insane, blind, and Insane, Blind, deaf and dumb, shall always be fostered and supported by the Dumb.

Directors of
Penitentiary,

nevolent and

State; and be subject to such regulations as may be prescribed by the General Assembly.

SEC. 2. The directors of the Penitentiary shall be appointed Trustees of Be- or elected in such manner as the General Assembly may direct; other State In- and the trustees of the benevolent, and other State institutions, appointed. now elected by the General Assembly, and of such other State

stitutions, how

Vacancies, how filled.

Public debt;

Additional debt,

and for what purposes.

institutions as may be hereafter created, shall be appointed by the Governor, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate; and, upon all nominations made by the Governor, the question shall be taken by yeas and nays, and entered upon the journals of the Senate.

SEC. 3. The Governor shall have power to fill all vacancies that may occur in the offices aforesaid, until the next session of the General Assembly, and, until a successor to his appointee shall be confirmed and qualified.

ARTICLE VIII.

PUBLIC DEBT AND PUBLIC WORKS.

SEC. 1. The State may contract debts, to supply casual deficits or failures in revenues, or to meet expenses not otherwise provided for; but the aggregate amount of such debts, direct and contingent, whether contracted by virtue of one or more acts of the General Assembly, or at different periods of time, shall never exceed seven hundred and fifty thousand dollars; and the money, arising from the creation of such debts, shall be applied to the purpose for which it was obtained, or to repay the debts so contracted, and to no other purpose whatever.

SEC. 2. In addition to the above limited power, the State may contract debts to repel invasion, suppress insurrection, defend the State in war, or to redeem the present outstanding indebtedness of the State: but the money, arising from the contracting of such debts, shall be applied to the purpose for which it was raised, or to repay such debts, and to no other purpose whatever; and all debts, incurred to redeem the present outstanding indebtedness of the State, shall be so contracted as to be payable by the sinking fund, hereinafter provided for, as the same shall accumulate.

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