celebration by firing salutes, parading commands, etc. In such a case the flag of the United States will be hoisted and lowered simultaneously with that of the ship on board of which the celebration occurs.

ESCORTS OF HONOR.

426. Escorts of honor may be composed of cavalry, artillery, or infantry, or of all arms, according to the circumstances. They are detailed for the purpose of receiving and escorting personages of high rank, civil or military, when they arrive and depart. The troops for this purpose will be selected for their soldierly appearance and superior discipline, and are formed and maneuvered as prescribed in the authorized drill regulations. The post commander in each case will detail an officer to attend the personage escorted, and bear communications from him to the commander of the escort.

FUNERAL HONORS.

427. On the receipt at any post or camp of official notice of the death of the President of the United States, the commanding officer will, on the following day, cause a gun to be fired every half hour, beginning at sunrise and ending at sunset. When posts are near each other the firing will take place only at the post commanded by the senior officer.

428. On the day of interment of a Secretary of War or the Commanding General of the Army a gun will be fired every half hour, beginning at sunrise, until the funeral procession moves.

429. The orders announcing the death of a general officer on the active or retired list, or other person entitled to a salute of cannon, will specify the number of guns to be fired at half-hour intervals, commencing at 8 o'clock a. m. on the day after the receipt of the order. During the firing the flag will be displayed at half-staff. The number of guns to which the deceased was entitled will be fired. The posts at which they shall be fired will be designated in the orders.

430. When the funeral of an officer, who was entitled to a salute, takes place at or near a military post, minute guns will be fired while the remains are being borne to the place of interment but the number of guns will not exceed that to which the officer was entitled as a salute. After the remains are deposited in the grave a salute corresponding to the rank of the deceased will be fired in addition to three salvos of artillery or three volleys of musketry.

431. If the remains of a flag officer of the Navy are brought ashore in the vicinity of a military post, the flag will be displayed at half-staff and minute guns will be fired as the procession moves. The number of guns will be that to which the officer was entitled as a salute.

432. During the funeral of a civil functionary who was entitled to a salute, the flag is displayed at half-staff and minute guns are fired.

433. On the death of an officer at a military post the flag is displayed at half-staff and so remains, between reveille and retreat, until the last salvo or volley is fired over the grave; or if the remains are not interred at the post, until they are removed therefrom.

434. During the funeral of an enlisted man at a military post the flag is displayed at half-staff. It is hoisted to the top after the final volley or gun is fired, or after the remains are taken from the post. The same honors are paid on the occasion of the funeral of a retired enlisted man.

435. All military posts in sight of each other display their flags at halfstaff upon the occasion of one doing so. The same rule is observed toward

all vessels of war.

436. When the flag is displayed at half-staff it is lowered to that position from the top of the staff. It is afterwards hoisted to the top before it is finally lowered.

437. The funeral escort of the Secretary of War or General of the Army will consist of a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry, and two batteries of artillery; of the Lieutenant-General or the Major-General Commanding the Army, a regiment of infantry, a squadron of cavalry and a battery of artillery; of a major-general, a regiment of infantry, two troops of cavalry, and a battery of artillery; of a brigadier-general, a regiment of infantry, a troop of cavalry, and a platoon of artillery; of a colonel, a regiment; a lieutenant-colonel or major, a battalion or squadron; a captain, one company; a subaltern, a platoon. The funeral escort of a general officer, or of any other officer either on the active or retired list, when the funeral occurs at any other place than a military post or camp, will be ordered by the Commanding General of the Army with the approval of the Secretary of War, and will be composed of such bodies of troops, not exceeding the number prescribed in this paragraph, as the interests of the service will permit. But in all cases where the funeral ceremonies take place at or in the immediate vicinity of a military post, or where the remains are conveyed through a military post en route to the place of burial, the above regulation relative to escort will be complied with, so far as the strength of the garrison will allow; the flag will be at half-staff while the remains are at or in the immediate vicinity of the post and the department or post commander will give the necessary orders.

438. The funeral escort of an officer will be commanded by an officer of the same grade; if none such be present, by one of the next lower grade. The ceremony is prescribed in the drill regulations.

439. The funeral escort of a noncommissioned staff officer will consist of sixteen rank and file, commanded by a sergeant; of a sergeant, of fourteen rank and file, commanded by a sergeant; of a corporal, of twelve rank and file, commanded by a corporal; of a private, of eight rank and file, commanded by a corporal.

440. The funeral escorts of officers of field artillery will be as follows: Colonel, twelve pieces; lieutenant-colonel and major, eight pieces; captain, four pieces; lieutenant, two pieces. The escort of an enlisted man will consist of one piece. Caissons need not accompany the pieces.

441. Six pallbearers will be selected from the grade of the deceased, or from the next grade above or below.

442. Officers and enlisted men attending military funerals wear uniform and side arms and in the funeral procession follow the mourners in order of rank. The funeral of an officer is attended by such officers of the post or organization in the field as other duties will permit. The funeral of a noncommissioned officer is attended by the noncommissioned officers and privates of the regiment, or such part of it as may be present and can be spared from other duties; that of a private by the noncommissioned officers and privates of his company.

443. The badge of military mourning is a knot of black crape worn upon the sword hilt for a period not to exceed thirty days.

444. As family mourning, officers may wear a straight band of crape five inches wide around the left arm above the elbow.

445. The drums of a funeral escort will be covered with black crape or thin black serge, furnished by the quartermaster.

446. The colors of a regiment will not be placed in mourning or draped, except when ordered from the War Department. Two streamers of crape seven feet long and about twelve inches wide attached to the ferrule below the spearhead will be used.

447. Funeral honors will be paid to deceased officers without military command in accordance with their grade.

CEREMONIES.

448. All ceremonies will be conducted as prescribed in the authorized drill regulations.

449. There will be daily one parade, morning or evening, as the commanding officer may direct, which will not be dispensed with except on urgent occasions. All officers and men will be present unless specially excused or on duty incompatible with such attendance.

450. At every military post or station the flag will be hoisted at the sounding of the first note of the reveille, or of the first note of the march, if a march be played before the reveille. The flag will be lowered at the sounding of the last note of the retreat, and while the flag is being lowered the band will play The Star Spangled Banner.

451. Troops will be mustered for pay on the last day of each month unless otherwise ordered by the Secretary of War. When the commanding officer can not muster all the troops he will designate other officers to assist.

452. Each stated muster will. when practicable, be preceded by a minute and careful inspection. If the command consists of more than one company, the inspection will be preceded by a review. If the day for muster falls on Sunday, such review and inspection will be omitted.

ARTICLE XLVII.

GUARDS.

453. The authorized Manual of Guard Duty is the guide in all matters relating to duties of guards not contained in these regulations.

454. Articles of camp and garrison equipage needed for strictly post or police purposes, as flags, spades, shovels, axes, hatchets, pickaxes, and brooms, will be issued by the quartermaster on special requisition of the officer of the guard or officer of the day, approved by the post commander. These articles will be receipted for by the officer making the requisition and dropped from the quartermaster's returns; articles other than those herein enumerated will be continued on his returns.

455. Articles so obtained will be duly entered, by the officer who receives them, on the guard report under the heading "Articles in charge." They will be carried on the report and daily receipted for by the successive officers of the guard or day. When no longer fit for use they will be submitted for inspection, and, if condemned, disposed of as ordered.

456. An officer who receipts for property so carried on the guard report is not required to render returns thereof. He is relieved from accountability for it by the receipt of his successor.

ARTICLE XLVIII.

MAPS AND RECONNAISSANCES.

457. The commanding officer of every body of troops ordered to march will select a competent person, preferably a commissioned officer, to whom he will intrust the special duty of making the field notes and sketches and keeping the journals hereinafter mentioned, for the preparation of a map of the route traversed. The person so selected will be relieved of so much of his routine duties as will enable him to perform this duty. Daily or more frequently, the commanding officer will inspect and verify the notes and journal.

458. Journals of marches will be kept in notebooks and route reconnaissances will be recorded on blanks. The books and blanks will be furnished by the Engineer Department. If they can not be obtained they will be prepared according to standard forms as nearly as practicable.

459. Notebooks will be freely used and to guard against loss of valuable data, copies will be made, verified and retained, and the originals forwarded to department headquarters at every convenient opportunity. Whenever a sufficient halt is made, a map of the route up to that point, together with a report thereon, will be transmitted in the same manner. These notes will not be omitted when passing over known routes.

460. General instructions for the use and preservation of instruments, the character of the observations to be specially made and the methods of recording them will be found in printed notes in the book and on the form which the Engineer Department supplies.

461. Requisitions will be made upon the Engineer Department for the necessary instruments, notebooks, and reconnaissance blanks.

ARTICLE XLIX.

THE SERVICE SCHOOLS.

THE ARTILLERY SCHOOL.

462. The Artillery School at Fort Monroe, Va., constitutes an independent command, from which all reports and returns are made direct to the Headquarters of the Army. It is governed by special regulations.

The school will have the following organization:

1. The commandant of the school and post, the directors of instruction, instructors and assistant instructors, and such organizations, officers, and enlisted men as may be assigned for duty or instruction.

2. The staff of the school, which will consist of the commandant, the directors of instruction, and the commanding officer of the Fort Monroe Arsenal. The adjutant will be secretary of the staff.

463. The lieutenants of the instruction batteries will be relieved and replaced by others on September 1 of each alternate year. Transfers for this purpose will be made by the Commanding General of the Army, after consideration of such recommendations as may be made by regimental

commanders and forwarded in due season to the Adjutant-General of the Army. Details for instruction will, as a rule, be made from officers who have not served at the Artillery School, and who are not on detached or special service.

THE INFANTRY AND CAVALRY SCHOOL.

464. The Infantry and Cavalry School at Fort Leavenworth, Kans., is governed by special regulations, and will have the following organization: 1. Two or more field officers of infantry and one or more of cavalry, the senior of whom will command the school and post; the others will be instructors.

2. Such other officers of the Army as may be detailed for duty as instructors and assistant instructors.

3. The staff of the school, consisting of the instructors in charge of departments.

4. Such organizations, officers, and enlisted men as may be assigned for duty or instruction.

5. The student officers, lieutenants of infantry and cavalry, one from each regiment nominated by the regimental commander, and such others as may be detailed, all of whom will be required to take the prescribed course of instruction. These officers will be detailed in orders from Headquarters of the Army.

6. A secretary of the school and staff, who will be appointed by the commandant.

465. Commanding officers of regiments will be directed from Headquarters of the Army to make preliminary selection of officers and of alternates one year in advance of the date of entrance at the school, and such officers or alternates will, at the proper time, be detailed at the school, except for cogent reasons to the contrary; but no officer will be selected who is not physically qualified for active service. A list of the names of officers and alternates selected will be sent from the Adjutant-General's Office to the commandant, who will cause the programme of instruction and list of authorized text-books to be sent to them.

HONOR GRADUATES.

466. As soon as practicable after the close of the final examination of each class at the Artillery School and at the Infantry and Cavalry School, the respective commandants will report to the Adjutant-General of the Army the names of those student officers recommended by the staff of the school as most distinguished by general proficiency in the prescribed course of study, two from each class at the Artillery School, and not less than three nor more than five from each class at the Infantry and Cavalry School. As long as any such graduate is borne upon the active or retired list of the Army, his name in the Army Register will be accompanied by an appropriate design signifying that he is an honor graduate. The number of honor graduates in any class at the Infantry and Cavalry School will be determined by the Commanding General of the Army on the recommendation of the staff of the school.

THE CAVALRY AND LIGHT ARTILLERY SCHOOL.

467. The Cavalry and Light Artillery School at Fort Riley, Kans., is governed by special regulations and includes a sub-school of practice for each