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crossing them, it should be done by means of wooden steps or stairs. The occasional walking of persons on a parapet will do no harm provided the surface is not cut into paths.

328. Animals will not be permitted to graze upon the slopes, parapets, or ramparts, nor upon the glacis except within fenced limits which shall not approach within 30 feet of the crest of the glacis.

329. All grassed surfaces except the glacis will be frequently mowed. In cutting the grass upon small slopes a sickle will be used; in mowing the steep slopes the mower will stand on a light ladder resting against the slope.

330. Hay may be cut on the glacis, or if fenced, it may be used as a pasture; otherwise it will be treated like other slopes of the fortification. On all slopes dead sods will be replaced with fresh ones. Weeds will be eradicated. The burning of grass upon any portion of a fortification is prohibited. The formation of gullies in the parade, terreplein, and ramps, will be prevented, especially in slopes where grass is not well established.

331. Terrepleins, floors, pavements, and walks, when constructed of brick, masonry or concrete, will be preserved from injury with great care. They will be protected by planks whenever it is necessary to move guns or vehicles of any kind over them, and no heavy weight will be permitted to fall upon them.

332. Earth, sand or ashes will not be placed against woodwork. Wooden floors, platforms and bridges will be kept clean and exposed to a free circulation of air. Doors and windows of all storerooms, of unoccupied casemates, quarters and buildings will be opened several times a week for thorough ventilation.

333. The labor required by this article, as well as repairs requiring small disbursements, such as repainting exposed wood or iron work, can be performed by the garrison; but reports, estimates, and requisitions may be necessary to obtain materials.

334. The taking of photographic or other views of permanent works of defense will not be permitted.

335. Magazines will be opened for ventilation in dry weather only. The ventilators will be kept free. No shrubbery or trees will be permitted to screen the buildings from the sun.

336. Moisture in a magazine may be absorbed by chloride of lime placed in an open vessel. The use of quicklime is dangerous.

337. Canes, swords or other articles which might produce sparks will not be taken into a magazine, and no person will enter without first removing his shoes or putting on magazine slippers.

338. Barrels containing powder will be occasionally inspected and brushed to prevent insects from destroying the hoops. Carbɔlic acid may be used as a preventive. When necessary to prevent caking, barrels of powder will be rolled on boards outside the magazine. Should the powder be caked, great caution must be used in breaking the lumps. The grains must be separated, but not pulverized.

339. Under no circumstances will cartridge bags or projectiles be filled in a magazine.

340. Smoking or fire will not be allowed in the vicinity of a magazine. Should a fire accidentally occur near by, the ventilators and windows will be immediately closed and the building covered with paulins or blankets saturated with water. No attempt should be made to remove the contents. 341. Such articles as loaded shells, fuses, friction primers, water caps, rockets and fireworks will never be put in a magazine containing powder. 342. Shells will not be charged until there is occasion for firing them. 343. The instructions regarding the care and preservation of artillery material, contained in the authorized Manual of Heavy Artillery, will be observed by the commanding officer of each military post at which such material is used or stored.

ARTICLE XLI.

LIGHT ARTILLERY INSTRUCTION.

344. For purposes of instruction the lieutenants of the artillery regiments will be assigned for tours of duty not exceeding three years with the light batteries of their respective regiments. Transfers to and from light batteries will be made by the Commanding General of the Army after consideration of such recommendations as may be made by the regimental commanders, and will, as far as practicable, take effect on the 1st day of October. Regimental commanders will forward their recommendations in due season to the Adjutant-General of the Army. Details for light artillery instruction will, as a rule, be made from officers who are not on detached or special service.

345. Captains of light batteries will be assigned, with the approval of the Secretary of War, by the Commanding General of the Army, upon the recommendation of regimental commanders, whose recommendations will be based solely upon the special qualifications of officers for the command of the instruction batteries.

ARTICLE XLII.

INSTRUCTION IN TORPEDO SERVICE.

346. The commanding officer of each cavalry, artillery, and infantry regiment may, on the 1st day of September of each year, nominate to the Commanding General of the Army one subaltern for detail at Willets Point, N. Y., for a course of instruction in torpedo service, commencing on the 1st day of December and ending on the 1st day of October following. The nominations thus made will be forwarded through the regular military channels. 347. The conditions governing the detail will be determined each year and announced in general orders from the Headquarters of the Army.

ARTICLE XLIII.

ARTILLERY PRACTICE.

348. At all posts with fixed batteries the position of every gun, mounted or to be mounted, will have its number, which will be placed on the gun when in position. The guns will be numbered in a regular series, commencing with the first gun on the left of the main entrance looking out.

Where there are platforms temporarily unoccupied by guns they will be included in the regular series of numbering. The pieces of other batteries will be numbered from right to left.

349. At all posts with fixed batteries a book will be kept, known as the Post Book of Artillery Record, in which, under the direction of the post commander, will be entered the number of each mounted gun, its caliber, weight, names of founder and inspector, and other marks, the description of its carriage, whence received, date of receipt at post, and the greatest field of fire of the gun in position. This book will be furnished by the Ordnance Department. Instructions for keeping it will be found in front pages.

350. The commanding general of each department within which are the headquarters of one or more regiments of artillery, with the approval of the Commanding General of the Army, will select a competent field officer of artillery, not a colonel, to be attached to the department staff, who will be designated the artillery inspector. He will perform such duties in connection with his arm as may be assigned to him by the department commander, make such inspections of the artillery troops and material in the department as may be ordered by the Secretary of War, and report thereon to the department commander.

351. The commanding officer of each post where there are fixed batteries bearing upon a channel, will call upon the Engineer Department for accurate charts showing the soundings within range of the guns. These charts will be elaborated as prescribed by instructions and general orders governing artillery practice.

352. The details of the methods of conducting the technical instruction of artillery troops, target practice with heavy and light artillery, and the artillery competitions will be prescribed in orders and instructions issuing from the Headquarters of the Army. Any deviation from the prescribed methods must be sanctioned by the department commander.

353. All officers of artillery will be encouraged to submit, through proper channels, suggestions and devices for improving prescribed methods. Changes affecting the authorized Manual of Heavy Artillery will be published in Artillery Memoranda from the Adjutant-General's Office.

354. The allowance of ammunition for the instruction of heavy and light artillery batteries and for practice with machine guns will be determined each year and announced in general orders from the Headquarters of the Army.

355. Targets and target material for artillery practice will be provided by the Ordnance Department. The Quartermaster's Department will furnish all necessary assistance in placing, removing and storing targets.

356. In addition to such reports as may be required by instructions and orders governing artillery practice, the commanding officer of a post or battery will forward for the information of the Chief of Ordnance, on forms supplied by the Ordnance Department, a report of each shot fired in practice, instruction, and active service.

ARTICLE XLIV.

SMALL-ARMS PRACTICE.

357. Small-arms practice will be conducted in accordance with the authorized firing regulations and orders from the War Department. The period selected for practice on the range will be announced annually by department commanders, who will also publish the results of the firing, and the names of qualified sharpshooters; all orders containing instructions to govern either preliminary methods or practice with the rifle, carbine, or revolver, will be issued from the Headquarters of the Army.

358. Reports as to the amount of instruction imparted and the degree of efficiency attained will be rendered only as required by the firing regulations for small arms, or by orders issued from the Headquarters of the Army. The necessary books and blanks will be supplied by the Ordnance Department.

359. The values of small-arms ammunition and of the component parts thereof will be published in general orders.

360. The aggregate allowance of ammunition for any company will be expended at such times during the year as the department commander may direct, or in the absence of specific directions, as the post and company commanders may determine. When not used in target practice, ammunition may, in the discretion of the post and company commanders, be expended in hunting.

361. Company commanders will keep a permanent record for each calendar year of the ammunition expended in target firing at each practice. Any expenditure in excess of authorized allowances will be charged to the officer accountable. Ammunition not expended at the end of the calendar year will be no longer available.

362. The Ordnance Department will provide the requisite targets, streamers and flags. The quarterinaster will set up the targets, prepare the range and construct shelters for the markers. Flour for making paste for use in target practice will be issued by the commissary.

363. Where hunting for large game is practicable the men will be encouraged to hunt, and for this purpose company commanders may permit their men to purchase cartridges, if supply warrants it, such sales to be accounted for on returns of ordnance.

ARTICLE XLV.

ROSTER, DETACHMENTS AND DAILY SERVICE.

THE ROSTER.

364. A roster is a list of officers or men for duty, with a record of the duty performed by each. Generally, details for duty are made so that the one longest off is the first for detail. Details so made are said to be made by roster.

365. All details for service in garrison and in the field, except the authorized special and extra-duty details, will be by roster; but officers or enlisted men, when detailed, must serve, whether a roster be kept or not. Having performed the service, they may appeal to superior authority if they deem themselves aggrieved.

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366. The duties performed by roster are of two classes. The first comprises, (1) outposts; (2) interior guards, including stable guards; (3) detachments to protect laborers on military works; (4) armed working parties on such works. The second comprises all other duties and fatigue, in or out of the garrison or camp.

367. The rosters are distinct for each class. Officers are named on them in the order of rank. Details are made in succession according to roster, beginning at the head.

368. Lieutenant-colonels and majors are on one roster, and may be detailed when the importance of the duty requires it. In the field their roster is kept at division and brigade headquarters. Captains form one roster and are exempt from ordinary fatigue duties. A captain commanding a battalion is exempt from detail, and duty falling to him passes. Lieutenants form one roster, and first and second lieutenants are entered alternately. Sergeants, corporals, musicians and privates form distinct rosters.

369. Officers, noncommissioned officers and privates take duties of the first class in the order stated in paragraph 366, viz, the first for detail takes the outposts, the next the interior guards, and so on. In those of the second class the senior officer takes the largest party. The party first for detail takes the service out of camp.

370. In making details by roster, an officer or enlisted man is each day charged with the number of days that he has remained present and available since the beginning of his last tour. Departures from this rule may be authorized by the commanding officer whenever a strict application would allow improper advantage or work hardship.

371. When an officer has been detailed and is not present or available at the hour of marching, the next after him takes the duty. When an outpost has passed the chain of sentinels, or an interior guard has reached its post, the officer whose tour it was can not take it unless so ordered by the commanding officer, but succeeds to the tour of the officer who has taken his.

372. Duties of the first class are credited on the roster when the guards or detachments have passed the chain of sentinels or an interior guard has reached its post; other duties, when the parties have entered upon their performance.

373. An officer or enlisted man on duty of the first class, or who is next for detail for such duty, is available, when relieved, for duty of the second class that has fallen to him during that time. Except in emergencies no duty will be required of the old officer of the day or the old guard until four hours after they have been relieved.

374. Soldiers march armed, and if necessary, fully equipped, on all duties of the first class.

375. In the cavalry, dismounted men and those whose horses are not fit for service are preferred for all dismounted details. Mounted men are never employed on such service if the number of dismounted men is sufficient.

376. In the field, every enlisted man of the cavalry detailed for dismounted service will, before he marches, take to the first sergeant of his troop his horse equipments and saddle, ready packed. In case of alarm the first sergeant sees that the horses of these men are equipped and led to the rendezvous.

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