papers relating to his breeding and ownership, to the department of horse breeding of the college of agriculture.

2. The presence of any one of the following-named diseases shall disqualify a stallion or jack for public service:

Cataract; amaurosis (glass eye); periodic ophthalmia (moon blindness).

Laryngeal hemiplegia (roaring or whistling).

Pulmonary emphysema (heaves, broken wind).

Chorea (St. Vitus' dance, crampiness, shivering, string-halt).

Bone spavin; ringbone; sidebone; navicular disease.

Bog spavin; curb, with curby formation of hock.

Glanders, farcy; maladie du coït; urethral gleet; mange; melanosis; and the department of horse breeding is hereby authorized to refuse its certificate of enrollment to any stallion or jack affected with any one of the diseases hereby specified, and to revoke the previously issued enrollment certificate of any stallion or jack found on investigation by the department to be so affected.

Section 1494-33. The officers of the department of horse breeding of the said college of agriculture, whose duty it shall be to examine and pass upon the merits of each pedigree submitted, shall use as their standard for action the stud books and signatures of the duly authorized officers of the various horse or jack pedigree registry associations, societies, or companies recognized by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C., and shall accept as purebred and entitled to a license certificate as such each stallion or jack for which a pedigree registry certificate is furnished bearing the signature of the duly authorized officers of a Government recognized and approved stud book.

Section 1494-34. The owner of any stallion or jack used for public service in this State shall post and keep affixed during the entire breeding season copies of the license certificate of such stallion or jack, issued under the provisions of the next succeeding section, in a conspicuous place both within and upon the outside of every stable or building where the said stallion or jack is used for public service, at his home or elsewhere.

Section 1494-35. 1. The license certificate issued for a stallion or jack whose sire and dam are of pure breeding and the pedigree of which is registered in a stud book recognized by the Government Department of Agriculture, shall be in the following form:

No.

[University of Wisconsin, College of Agriculture, Department of Horse Breeding.] CERTIFICATE OF PUREBRED STALLION OR JACK.

The pedigree of the stallion or jack (name)

Owned by

Described as follows: (Color)

Foaled in the year

; (breed)

has been examined at the college of agriculture, and is hereby certified that the said stallion or jack is of pure breeding and is registered in a stud book recognized by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

(Signature)

Dean of the College of Agriculture.

2. The license certificate issued for a stallion or jack whose sire or dam is not of pure breeding shall be in the following form:

No.

[University of Wisconsin, Department of Horse Breeding, College of Agriculture.]

CERTIFICATE OF GRADE STALLION OR JACK.

The pedigree of the stallion or jack (name)
Owned by

Described as follows: (Color)

Foaled in the year has been examined, at the college of agriculture, and it is found that the said stallion or jack is not of pure breeding and is, therefore, not eligible for registration in any stud book recognized by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

(Signature)

Dean of the College of Agriculture.

3. The license certificate issued for a stallion whose sire and dam are purebred, but not of the same breed, shall be in the following form:

[University of Wisconsin, Department of Horse Breeding, College of Agriculture.] CERTIFICATE OF CROSSBRED STALLION NO.

The pedigree of the stallion (name)

has been examined at the college of agriculture, and his dam in the

and it is found that his sire is registered in the

Such being the case, the said stallion is not eligible for registration in any stud book recognized by the Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C.

(Signature)

Dean of the College of Agriculture.

4. The license certificate issued for a "nonstandard bred" stallion shall be in the following form:

CERTIFICATE OF NONSTANDARD-BRED STALLION NO.

The pedigree of the stallion (name)

Owned by

Described as follows: (Color)

Foaled in the year

has been examined at the college of agriculture, and it is found that the said stallion is not elegible to registration as standardbred, and for the purpose of this license is not purebred, although recorded in the nonstandard department of the American Trotting Register.

(Signature)

Dean of the College of Agriculture.

Section 1494-36. Each bill and poster issued by the owner of any stallion or jack enrolled under this act, or used by him or his agent for advertising such stallion or jack, shall contain a copy of the stallion's or jack's certificate of enrollment printed in bold face type not smaller than long primer on said bill or poster, and the first mention thereon of the name of the stallion or jack shall be preceded by the words "purebred," "grade," "crossbred," or "nonstandard-bred," in accordance with the wording of the certificate of enrollment; and it shall be illegal to print upon the poster any misleading reference to the breeding of the stallion or jack, his sire or his dam, or to use upon such bill or poster the portrait of a stallion or jack in a misleading way; and each newspaper advertisement printed to advertise any stallion or jack for public service shall show the enrollment certificate number and state whether it reads "purebred," "grade," "crossbred," or "nonstandard-bred."

Section 1494-37. A fee of two dollars shall be paid to the horse-breeding department of the college of agriculture, University of Wisconsin, for the examination and enrollment of each pedigree and for the issuance of a license 10765-10-22

certificate, in accordance with the breeding of the stallion or jack as above provided; and a renewal license fee of one dollar shall be paid to the department of horse breeding every other year from the date of the issuance of the original license certificate.

Section 1494-38. Upon a transfer of the ownership of any stallion or jack enrolled under the provisions of this act, the certificate of enrollment may be transferred to the transferee by the department of horse breeding of the college of agriculture upon submittal of satisfactory proof of such transfer and upon payment of the fee of fifty cents; and a fee of fifty cents shall be paid for a duplicate license certificate issued where proof is given of loss or destruction of the original certificate.

Section 1494-39. Violation of any of the provisions of this act shall be punished by a fine not exceeding fifty dollars.

SECTION 2. There are added to the statutes of 1898 two new sections, to read: Section 1494-32m. When a complaint is made to the department of horse breeding that a stallion or jack is unsound, and on investigation an examination is by the department deemed necessary, such examination shall be made by the graduate veterinarian in charge of the department, or his accredited graduate veterinary deputy; but the owner of the stallion or jack shall have the right to select some recognized graduate veterinarian to act with the veterinarian representing the department, and the said recognized graduate veterinarian, on receipt of such notice, shall so act jointly with the veterinarian representing the department, and in case these two shall fail to agree they shall appoint a third graduate veterinarian to act as referee, and his decision shall be final.

Section 1494-38m. The department of horse breeding shall keep an account of all moneys received and disbursed and shall make an annual report thereof. Said report shall be published with and as a part of the annual report of the agricultural experiment station, college of agriculture.

IOWA.

In the spring of 1907 stallion laws similar to that of Wisconsin were enacted in Iowa, Minnesota, Pennsylvania, and Utah.

The Iowa law, approved March 30, 1907, differs from those of the other States mentioned in that licenses for stallions other than purebreds are not required, although stallions standing for public service. for which no license certificate has been issued must be advertised by the use of handbills and posters with the words "Grade Stallion " immediately preceding or above the name of the animal, in type not less than 1 inch in height. Another marked point of dissimilarity is that no qualifications for soundness in the stallions standing for public service are required, neither is any provision made for the recording of the license certificates by the registrar of deeds of the county in which the stallion is used.

Any person who shall fraudulently represent horses, cattle, sheep, or swine to be purebred, or who shall post or publish any false pedigree or certificate, as well as any person keeping for public service, sale, or exchange a stallion represented to be purebred without first procuring a license from the State board of agriculture, is subject to the penalty provided in this law, such penalty being a fine of not over $100 or thirty days' imprisonment in the county jail, or both.

MINNESOTA.

The Minnesota stallion law closely resembles that of Wisconsin, but, like the Utah and New Jersey laws, provides for only two classes of certificates, one for purebred and one for grade stallions. A veterinarian's certificate of soundness is required, except that in cases of emergency the stallion registration board is authorized to grant temporary license certificates upon the owner's affidavit that to the best of his knowledge and belief the animal is free from all contagious or transmissible disease or unsoundness. The issuing of temporary certificates, which are valid only until veterinary examination could reasonably be made, has been discontinued, except in extreme cases, since January 1, 1908. Section 8 provides that" stallions shall be examined every four years until ten years of age, and after first examination shall be exempt from examination at ten years of age or over."

UTAH.

The stallion law of Utah, which became effective May 13, 1907, is very similar to the Wisconsin law, but, unlike the stallion license laws in some States, provides, in addition to requiring license certificates, that every person in the State of Utah complying with the provisions of the act shall have a lien on the mare and a first lien upon the offspring of such service, to the amount of the agreed service fee. The term "grade" as used in the law applies to any stallion having a purebred sire or dam registered in a studbook recognized by the United States Department of Agriculture, and said grade shall be allowed a certificate of enrollment until January 1, 1909. No grades will be licensed after that date.

PENNSYLVANIA.

The Pennsylvania law regulating the public service of stallions came into force January 1, 1908, and varies little from the stallion law of Wisconsin, except that in addition to providing for the issue of a license certificate it provides in section 9 that "the State livestock sanitary board is authorized to establish needful regulations, and to provide for official examination upon voluntary request from owners of stallions, and to issue certificates of approval for stallions that are approved in respect to purity of breeding, soundness, conformation, breeding, and their suitability to improve the horse stock of the State."

NEW JERSEY.

The law for licensing stallions in New Jersey, which became operative September 1, 1908, provides for the personal examination by the stallion examining and registration board of all stallions before granting them licenses. This board consists of three members--the animal

husbandman of the State experiment station, a graduate veterinarian, and a prominent breeder of live stock. The examination is accomplished by requiring all owners of stallions and jacks used for public service to present their animals at the county seat of each county, or such other place and at such time as may be fixed by the board. Three insertions in one or more newspapers in each county constitutes a legal notice of the examination. In cases of emergency, however, the board may name a committee in each county, consisting of a graduate veterinarian and a practical horseman, which shall examine all stallions and jacks presented for examination, and if passed shall furnish certificates to the owners, with affidavits stating that the animals are free from infectious, contagious, and transmissible diseases as defined in the law. The said certificates, together with the necessary papers relative to the breeding and ownership of the animals, shall then be presented to the secretary of the board, who shall issue the proper license certificate.

ΜΟΝΤΑΝΑ.

The stallion law recently passed in Montana is very much like that of Minnesota, except that it has a few rather important additions. Provision is made for the employment by the stallion registration board of competent graduate veterinarians, to examine stallions for soundness at one or more points in each county in the State. No stallion may receive a license certificate unless examined by one of the appointed veterinarians, except in cases of emergency, when temporary licenses will be issued upon "affidavit of the owner that to the best of his knowledge and belief said horse or jack is free from infectious, contagious, or transmissible disease or unsoundness. Temporary certificates shall be valid only until veterinary examination can reasonably be made."

License certificates for stallions or jacks are not refused because of unsoundness or disease, provided such animals were in use for public service at the time of the passage of the act; however, “stallions or jacks in service previous to the passage and enactment of this law shall have described in their license certificate any hereditary disease or unsoundness referred to in section 4 of this act," and "no stallion or jack shall stand for public service in the State of Montana which is deformed or so badly diseased as to be in the opinion of the stallion registration board wholly unfit for breeding purposes, and said board are hereby authorized to refuse license certificate and registry for said animals."

Section 6 of the law provides that in all cases where a stallion or jack is imported into the State for breeding purposes, a copy of a certificate from a recognized State or Federal veterinary officer, certifying that said animal is free from the diseases or unsoundness