before (was) Kirjath-arba): and they slew [smote Yakku, thence,' Yoresh, in Josh. xv. 14], Sheshai, and Ahim Talmai [Caleb being Judah's leader (Josh. xi. 21, xv. The mention of Judah here in Judges accords with t of the book, which is to describe the conflicts of the tribes with the Canaanites. 'Anak' means 'long-necke Sheshai, Ahiman, and Talmai, the children of An mentioned forty-five years previously (Numb. xiii. 2 must be, not individuals, but three tribes of Anakin Anakim had been driven away from Hebron or D Joshua. But they only withdrew to Philistia, and whilst Joshua was campaigning in the north agains (Josh. xi. 16, 21, 22). Caleb, who as spy first brought ti them, was eventually their destroyer. As in Numbers it is abruptly stated that "Hebron was built seven year Zoan in Egypt," Knobel's conjecture is reasonable that cities had a common founder or else rebuilder, viz., on Hyksos or Shepherd race (probably Hitites), which for time ruled Egypt, and to which the Anakim probably b Hebron was the original name, meaning 'joining t akin to the Hebrew habru (Gen. xiv. 3, xiii. 18); and alluding to Abram's 'joining' the Amorite Aner, Esh Mamre, as confederates with him against the confedera Amraphel, Arioch, Chedorlaomer, and Tidal. Arba, the man' (Josh. xiv. 15) of the Anakim subseque Abraham's time, settled there, and called it Kirjat "the city of Arba" (Gen. xxiii. 2, 19, xxxv. 27). Cal led the men of Judah, on conquering it, restored the o 'Hebron.' Evidently the writer of Gen. xxiii. 2, Arba-Hebron, in the land of Canaan," was not then in an undesigned propriety which confirms Moses' aut In a valley surrounded by hills, on the way from Jerus Beersheba; now El-Khalil, the friend of God,' Al designation. Close to the cave of Machpelah, his buri over which is a mosque]. (11) And from thence he wen the inhabitants of Debir; (and the name of Debir befo Kirjath-sepher) [the Debir here is that in the mountai south of Hebron, distinct from that in Josh. xv. 7,

road is a large stone which formerly marked the s bounds assigned to Debir as a Levitical city. A simil stands on the western side. "It is truly the dry land at 6 miles northward are fourteen springs, divided in groups, in the valley Seil-el-Dilbeh. These doubtless upper and nether springs.' No other such are found Negeb or south country of Judah. The dwellings a are mostly caves in the rock with rude arches carv doorways. Rock excavation,' the primitive mode of C habitation, marks its great antiquity]. (16) And the of the Kenite [Kain, the tribal patriarch], Moses' fathe [rather "brother-in-law (Numb. x. 29-31). Hobab Moses had entreated that he should be to Israel 'in eyes' in the wilderness, as being better acquainte life in the desert, its tracks, passes, and places fit campment. His father-in-law Reuel was probably to have been such a guide. Moses had urged his brother to share in Israel's promised blessing, 'We are jou unto the place of which the Lord said, I will give -Come thou with us, and we will do thee good-Wha ness the Lord shall do unto us, the same will we thee.' The Kenites complied, and so partook in the goodness to Israel, down to the Assyrian captivit Balaam prophesied (Numb. xxiv. 22, Hebrew), 'Kai surely not be for destruction until Asshur shall car away captive' (1 Sam. xv. 6; Judg. iv. 11). Spi compare 1 John i. 3; Ruth i. 16, 17: If we suffer w Israel of God in the wilderness, we shall reign with t the heavenly Canaan (2 Tim. ii. 12; Luke xxii. 2 went up out of the city of palm-trees [Jericho: ch. Deut. xxxiv. 3; 2 Chron. xxviii. 15]; with the chil Judah into the wilderness of Judah, which (lieth) in th of Arad, and they went and dwelt among the people Israel advanced into Canaan, and destroyed Jeric Kenites, as nomads, pitched their tents amidst its palmthen accompanying the Judæans southwards, they set the south-western edge of the desert of Judah, south of now Tel-Arad, with the people of Judah]. (17) And

distinct from Shephelah in ver. 9]; because they had of iron, i.e., of wood tipped with iron. [But it was much these, as their own defect of faith, which cause failure. Compare Josh. xi. 6, 9, xvii. 16, 17; Judg. Ps. xx. 7, 8]. (20) And they gave Hebron unto Ca Moses said [Numb. xiv. 24. Caleb, at the close of the paign, came with the children of Judah to Joshua in and reminded him of Moses' promise at Kadesh Barnea, second year after the exodus: "Surely the land where feet have trodden, shall be thine inheritance, and thy chi for ever, because thou hast wholly followed the LORD my Thirty-eight years subsequently, Caleb entered Canaar Joshua; seven years more passed in war in Canaan, s now Jehovah had kept him alive 45 years, since the p given when he was forty years old. Caleb, said "Now, lo this day fourscore and five years old. As yet I am as

this day as I was in the day that Moses sent me; strength was then, even so is my strength now, for wa to go out, and to come in. Now therefore give m mountain, whereof the Lord spake in that day; for heardest how the Anakims were there, and that the were great and fenced; if so be the Lord will be wi then I shall be able to drive them out" (Josh. xiv. 6 and he expelled thence the three sons of Anak [se 10, and Josh. xv. 13, 14. This proves that the car recorded here in Judges was in Joshua's lifetim after his death]. (21) And the children of Benjam not drive out the Jebusites that inhabited Jerusaler Judah had taken it not for himself alone, but for Ben compare Josh. xv. 63]; but the Jebusites dwell wi children of Benjamin in Jerusalem unto this day. (22 the house of Joseph [i.e., Ephraim and Western Ma the record of events here (ver. 22-36), answers to t Josh. xvi., xvii., xviii., xix.]. They also [as Judah and S went to obtain their allotment, ver. 2, 3] went up against [Josh. xii. 16, xvi. 2. It had been assigned to Be (xviii. 22), but lay on the southern boundary of Ephraim, the house of Joseph felt obliged to expel the Canaanites f