fail to see any reason for rejecting the explanation offered, or for attaching any weight to these supplementary charges, which lack definiteness and proof.

The general policy of bringing such charges against a political opponent is open to serious question. Probably more people are alienated by the appearance of censorious intrusion and persecution than would be conciliated by the clearest evidence that the candidate assailed had done wrong. The popular demand is not for “faultless monsters," in whose lives nothing evil can be detected. The people are not Pharisees enough to demand of the politicians what they are not themselves. And when they see a public man treated as the Democrats treated Mr. Blaine, and as some papers on each side are now treating the candidates of the other, they are not unlikely to say-each to himself" If my life were turned inside out after that fashion, what sort of a show would it make ?" Hence the vast and rapid growth of Mr. Blaine's popularity when under the fire of an investigating committee. And in all this feeling there is a wholesome instinct, which unconsciously insists on the distinction between act and character. A child who tells a lie is not necessarily a liar, and may be seriously injured by being called one. And the man who interprets his obligations in making out an income tax return by some private rules which he would not care to write out in full on the back of the document, has come by that act to the edge of a moral precipice, but he may never go over it.

GEN. BUTLER'S candidacy for Congress in the Salem district is one of the worst signs of the times; and little as the Democratic member elected two years ago has done to deserve the renomination he has received, his reëlection seems to us the plain duty of the district, unless some better Republican be put forward. Mr. Butler belongs to the most dangerous type of American politicians; for he is a man of some great and popular qualities of mind, a strong man in many directions, but unhappily devoid of moral balance, and cynical in his contempt for merely moral considerations. New England produces such men, by a sort of reaction of vigorous but unbalanced natures from her ethical severity. Her good people are so very good that the bad are frightfully bad just out of spite. But it is of ill omen for her future when a district of her greatest commonwealth stands up in the gate to say of such as Benjamin F. Butler "Behold

the man whom our people desire to honor-who represents us." Of all the Republican disasters of 1874, none spread such satisfaction among the well-meaning of all parties as the defeat of this Republican statesman, and we trust that a repetition of that satisfaction will not be denied them.

THE inauguration of the Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore is the beginning of an experiment which, if successful, will open a new chapter in the history of American education. By advice of President Gilman, the Trustees have decided for the present at least to establish courses for advanced students only, and a considerable number of young men, graduates of other institutions, have been selected as Fellows of the new institution. They are paid five hundred dollars a year, and are expected to pursue some line of original research, under the supervision of some one of the eminent professors who constitute the Faculty. This arrangement, if it succeed, will give the Trustees the material for the creation of a still larger Faculty some years hence, and for the establishment of such courses of a less advanced character as the local demand may call for.

This very decided innovation was probably the only course open to the new institution. To have opened an ordinary university in Baltimore at the present time would have been a great waste of money. No American city of its size is less conscious of its need of the higher education; for in none-not even in Quakerly Philadelphia are art and literature set so far "below the salt," while Baltitimoreans have not even that compensating advantage, the popularity of physical science which characterizes our community. The demand for a Baltimore university must be created, and its creation is one of the largest problems before President Gilman.

The address delivered on the occasion by our distinguished English visitor, Prof. Huxley, was in some points a very characteristic performance. Those who remember and admire his utterances on the subject of the moral element in education, in the London School Board, will be surprised and disappointed at his utter silence as regards everything but purely scientific training. And many will be surprised to learn that the merely scientific theory of science and education logically involves the conclusion that all truth is merely relative, andthat there may be worlds in which two straight lines can enclose a space. His advice to the Trustees, to employ for

the present bricklayers only, and not to call in an architect or do any thing to beautify the buildings they erect until everything else is provided for, shows-if it is to be taken literally-that a man may know a great deal about the physiology of man, and very little about the architecture or physiology of a building. Many will say that this is a fair hit at the weakest point in our educational policy; but we think a still weaker is the needless multiplication of institutions of the higher class, often merely to gratify local or personal vanity, when the money thus expended would have done far more good if employed to strengthen the older institutions; either directly, by adding to their general endowment, or indirectly, by establishing good intermediate schools and academies. Phillips Academy, at Andover, is worth more to New England than half a dozen of her weaker colleges.

THE question of the "endowment of research," partly solved by this new University, is exciting great discussion on both sides of the Atlantic. The complaint is general that much of the finest talent of the time is crippled by the necessity of earning a living by teaching boys, and thus prevented from extending the horizon of human knowledge to anything like the extent which might be fairly anticipated from it. It is proposed to divide the incomes of the English universities between the actual teachers and the "endowed researchers," and to select the latter by a certain system from among the promising young men of each of these institutions, gradually winnowing out those who fail to realize the promise given by their youth. And in our own city the Academy of Natural Sciences has adopted a plan of reorganization, which if supported by the liberality of our wealthy citizens will create a faculty of able men with very slight routine duties and very ample time for original investigations. Of this plan we must say that while good enough as far as it goes, it differs from all those that have been adopted or proposed in Europe, in separating the physical from the moral and the historical sciences, and endowing the former alone. All the great academies of Europe, beginning with the French Institute, aim at a union to some extent of all the branches of human knowledge-for the French Academy of Sciences is but a branch of the Institute. And the great prestige of those academies, to which appeal is sometimes made by the advocates of this plan, is chiefly due to the men

who pursued other lines of investigation than physical science. It is true that the intellectual activity of our own city is chiefly devoted to the exact sciences, but by no means so much so as was the case twenty or thirty years ago. And there is among our people a greater popular interest in the other topics, as might be seen from a comparison of the meetings of the Evangelical Alliance with those of any of our national or international scientific conventions.

The question is also raised in very high quarters as to the general expediency of such endowments. Prof. Andrews, the eminent chemist who was elected President of the British Association at this year's meeting in Glasgow, in his inaugural address "insisted that the endowment of research, as apart from teaching, need not be thought of; since the best teachers had time for research, and the best investigators only gained by teaching." It would certainly be a great injury to the class of professors and teachers to give them to understand that public opinion demands of them nothing new or fresh in their several departments but only the injection into others of certain quantities of knowledge by the most expeditous methods. No man can ever teach well what he has not in some sort found out for himself. And if our rising generation are to be isolated from personal contact with the original investigators, and delivered over to the hum-drum repeaters of hearsays, until they have completed their ordinary course of study, the chances of perpetuating the sacred succession of the devotees of light and truth will be very slim.

T

ANTIQUE JEWELRY AND ITS REVIVAL.'

HE new school of jewelry established by us at Rome aims at the perfect imitation of ancient and medieval works of art in gold and precious stones; each object being so executed as to show, by its style, to what epoch and nation it belongs.

A paper written by Signor Alessandro Castellani at the request of many friends. It embodies the principal facts of a memoir read by him before the Institute of France, in 1860, and the Archæological Institute of London in 1861, and recently at a meeting of the Archæological Branch of the National Science Association, at Buffalo, and before the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art. At the disposal of the latter Signor Castellani has kindly placed it, so that its publication may extend in our own country a knowledge of this beautiful art and important industry.

Italy having been both in ancient times and in the middle ages the greatest centre of European civilization, and the home of the arts, we have confined ourselves principally to the reproduction of the jewels made in various periods by its Etruscan, Greek, Roman, or other inhabitants. Therefore, in the present brief memoir of our researches into ancient jewelry, we will begin by making mention of that Italian people which has left us the earliest examples of these forms of art, viz., the Etruscans.

Up to the present time, the researches of the most learned ethnologists have succeeded in lifting only a part of the veil under which the origin of the first inhabitants of Italy is concealed. We only know that their cradle was common with that of other people of the world. This is made manifest by the similarity of their monuments to others remaining in distant parts of the globe. The remains of Cumæ, the tombs of Etruria, the ruins of Nineveh, the temples of India, and the pyramids and other ancient buildings of Egypt, present to the observer so many analogies of form, style, and method of construction, as to lead us to infer the common origin or close intercourse of the various nations which built them.

A better proof, however, of the truth of this remark than large monuments can supply, is to be seen in the very delicate and yet well-preserved works in gold found in recent years in excavating the cemeteries of Etruria and Magna Græcia. These jewels have a great likeness either of form or workmanship to the decorations of the ancient deities of India, to the ornaments discovered at Nineveh by that eminent archæologist, Mr. Layard, and again to those of Egypt disinterred by A. Mariette, and so deservedly admired in 1862 in the Egyptian Court at the International Exhibition of London. Every one, in fact, in our days, admits that the East is the birthplace of the various nations that have occupied Europe. It is not our present object to inquire by what causes and accidents they spread themselves over different parts of the world, but only to point out that the works of jewelry produced by the group of primi. tive peoples to which the Etruscans belonged are, if not identical, at least similar in type2; that these nations possessed in common the

2 The origin of certain types employed by the Phoenicians and the early Etruscans in the decoration of gold ornaments has been the subject of my constant research for many years. Recently, while inspecting the publications of the Geological Survey of the United Kingdom, in the English section-Main