the Government is interposed to punish these crimes committed upon this class of citizens, there is every reason to believe that an organized and determined attempt at retaliation will be made, which can only result in a state of anarchy and bloodshed too horrible to contemplate.

We have visited the United States prisoners confined in the county jail, and find them all in a healthy condition, being provided with seemingly ample provisions of good, wholesome quality; but the quarters in which they are confined, owing to their being greatly crowded, have not been kept as clean as is desirable.

Should it be necessary for these prisoners to be kept here any length of time, we would respectfully recommend that at least one-half of those in the jail be removed to the prison on Sumter street. The prisoners complain of having to pay a servant for bringing up their wood to them after it has been delivered in the jail-yard.

Some of them are in want of clothing, not having a change with them, and what they have is insufficient to keep them comfortable at this season of the year. Some are also in want of shoes. There is some complaint of the food being at times indifferently cooked; they should have some change of diet at least three times per week.

The prisoners confined on Sumter street, in what is known as the Neagle House, we find in good, clean, comfortable quarters, well provided with blankets, &c. The food seemed to be good and wholesome, and we are of the opinion that the officers in charge have discharged their duties as well as they could possibly have done. All of which is respectfully submitted.

BENJ. F. JACKSON, Foreman.

CONSTITUTION OF A LOCAL LODGE OF THE KUKLUX KLAN, 1871

From the report of the Joint Select Committee on the Condition of Affairs in the Late Insurrectionary States, "House Reports," Forty-second Congress, Second Session, No. 22, Part 2, pp. 414415. (See pages 59, 60; 60-63; 74, 75.)

Article I. This organization shall be known as the Order, No. of the Ku-Klux Klan of the State

of South Carolina.

Article II. The officers shall consist of a cyclops and scribe, both of whom shall be elected by a majority vote of the order, and to hold their office during good behavior.

Article III., Section 1. It shall be the duty of the C. to preside in the order, enforce a due observance of the constitution and by-laws, and an exact compliance to the rules and usages of the order; to see that all the members perform their respective duties; appoint all committees before the order; inspect the arms and dress of each member on special occasions; to call meetings when necessary; draw upon members for all sums needed to carry on the order..

Sec. 2. The S. shall keep a record of the proceedings of the order; write communications; notify other Klans when their assistance is needed; give notice when any member has to suffer the penalty for violating his oath; see that all books, papers or other property belonging to his office, are placed beyond the reach of any one but members of the order. He shall perform such other duties as may be required of him by the C.

Article IV., Section 1. No person shall be initiated into this order under eighteen years of age.

Sec. 2. No person of color shall be admitted into this order.

Sec. 3. No person shall be admitted into the order who does not sustain a good moral character, and who is any way incapacitated to perform the duties of a Ku-Klux.

Sec. 4. The name of a person offered for membership must be proposed by the committee appointed by the chief, verbally, stating age, residence, and occupation; state if he was a soldier in the late war, his rank, whether in the Federal or confederate service, and his command.

Article V., Section 1. Any member who shall offend against these articles, or the by-laws, shall be subject to be fined and reprimanded by the C., as two-thirds of the members present at any regular meeting may determine.

Sec. 2. Every member shall be entitled to a fair trial for any offense involving reprimand or criminal punish

ment.

BY-LAWS

Article I, Section 1. This order shall meet at . Sec. 2. Five members shall constitute a quorum, provided the C. or S. be present.

Sec. 3. The C. shall have power to appoint such members of the order to attend to the sick, the needy, and those distressed, and those suffering from radical misrule, as the case may require.

Sec. 4. No person shall be appointed on a committee unless the person is present at the time of appointment. Members of committees neglecting to report shall be fined 30 cents.

Article II, Section 1. Every member, on being admitted, shall sign the constitution and by-laws and pay the initiation fee.

(From Lester and Wilson's "Ku Klux Klan," through the courtesy of the editor, Prof. W. L. Fleming, of the University of Louisiana. 1. D. L. Wilson, one of the authors of "Ku Klux Klan;" 2. Major J. R. Crowe, one of the founders; 3. Capt. John C. Lester, one of the founders; 4. Gen. Albert Pike, chief judicial officer; 5. Gen. W. J. Hardee; 6. Calvin Jones, one of the founders; 7. Ryland Randolph)

Sec. 2. A brother of the Klan wishing to become a member of this order, shall present his application with the proper papers of transfer from the order of which he was a member formerly, shall be admitted to the order only by a unanimous vote of the members present. Article III, Section 1. The initiation fee shall be

Article IV, Section 1. Every member who shall refuse or neglect to pay his fine or dues shall be dealt with as the chief thinks proper.

Sec. 2. Sickness or absence from the country being engaged in any important business shall be a valid excuse for any neglect of duty.

Article V, Section 1. Each member shall provide himself with a pistol, Ku-Klux gown, and signal instru

ments.

Sec. 2. When charges have been preferred against a member in proper manner, or any matters of grievance between brother Klux are brought before the order, they shall be referred to a special committee of three or more members, who shall examine the parties and determine the matters in question, reporting their decision to the order. If the parties interested desire, two-thirds of the members present voting in favor of the report, it shall be carried.

Article VI, Section 1. It is the duty of every member who has evidence that another has violated Article II to prefer the charges and specify the offense to the order.

Sec. 2. The charge for violating Article II shall be referred to a committee of five or more members, who shall, as soon as practicable, summon the parties and investigate the matter.

Sec. 3. If the committee agree that the charges are sustained, that the member on trial has intentionally violated his oath, Article II, they shall report the fact to the order.

Sec. 4. If the committee agree that the charges are