was gallantly made;" but with the 10 A. M., while Gen. Augur, in our usual ill success of attempts to carry center, and Gen. T. W. Sherman, on elaborate, extensive, skillfully plan- our left, did not attack in earnest till ned works, enfilading and supporting 2 P. M. Meantime, the Hartford each other, by merely hurling masses and Albatross above, and the Moof men against them. Intended, of nongahela, Richmond, Genesee, and course, to be simultaneous in every Essex below the Rebel river battequarter, it failed to be so. Our bat-ries, under the direction of Admiral teries opened early in the morning; Farragut, rained shot and shell upon and, after a vigorous bombardment, Gens. Weitzel, Grover, and Paine, on our right, assaulted with vigor at the besieged, who had already been compelled by our fleet to abandon their southernmost battery; spiking * May 27. BANKS'S ASSAULT ON PORT HUDSON. 333 its guns. In this day's fight, the fleet | Gen. Banks was justified in accordprobably did the greater execution ing especial commendation to these; on the Rebels, whose attention was mainly absorbed by the land attack: its fire dismounting several of their heavy guns, and taking in reverse their landward defenses. Never was fighting more heroic than that of our army, assailing nearly equal numbers behind strong defenses, approached only through almost impassable abatis, swept by Rebel shell and grape. If valor could have triumphed over such odds, they would have carried the works; but only abject cowardice or pitiable imbecility could have lost such a position to so small an army; and the Rebels also fought well. We gained ground on both flanks; holding it thereafter on the north, where two negro regiments (1st and 3d Louisiana) vied with the bravest: making three desperate charges on Rebel batteries, losing heavily, but maintaining their position in the hottest forefront to the close. The 1st Louisiana (colored) Engineers were also on trial that day, and justified the most sanguine expectations by their good conduct. Not that they fought better than our White veterans they did not, and could not but there had been so much incredulity avowed as to negro courage, so much wit lavished on the idea of negroes fighting to any purpose, that saying, "No troops could be more determined or more daring." The conflict closed about sunset. We lost in this desperate struggle 293 killed, including Cols. Clarke, 6th Michigan, D. S. Cowles, 128th New York (transfixed by a bayonet), Payne, 2d Louisiana, and Chapin, 30th Mass., with 1,549 wounded, among whom were Gen. T. W. Sherman, severely, and Gen. Neal Dow, slightly. The Rebel loss was of course much less-probably not 300 in all.3 30 There was a truce next day to enable us to bury our dead; after which, our soldiers addressed themselves in sober earnest to the arduous labor of digging and battering their way into the works which had proved impervious to their more impetuous endeavor. This was no holiday task, under the torrid sun of a Southern June, with Rebel sharp-shooters close at hand, ever on the keen watch for chances to obey the Donnybrook injunction, 'Wherever you see a head, hit it;' but our boys worked with a will; and soon the pick and spade were pushing zig-zag trenches up to the Rebel works; while the heavy guns of our batteries, alternating their thunders with those of the fleet, gave fresh illustrations of the truth that 'there is no peace for the wicked."" So Gen. Banks reported that the 15th Arkan--it opened at daybreak. The fight has been sas, out of a total of 292, lost during the siege 132; of whom 76 fell this day. "The following extracts from the diary of a Rebel soldier (John A. Kennedy, 1st Alabama), who was captured while endeavoring to make his way out through our lines with a letter in cipher from Gardner to Jo. Johnston, gives the most vivid inside view of the siege: "May 29.-The fight continued until long after night yesterday evening. The fight has opened very warm to-day. I received a shot in the foot, but it is slight. The Yanks attempted to charge the works, but was repulsed. It has clouded up and is raining. We have a muddy time-a very wet time for sleeping. แ May 30.-The fight opened at daylight. Our company has three wounded in the hospital. The Yanks have been sharp-shooting all day. We have lost but one man belonging to company B. The Yanks are building rifle-pitsthey fire very close. I have been sharp-shooting some to-day. The boys are very lively. Gen. Banks's position was far from chance (if shot) of going to heaven. enviable. His small army-now There were some 2,500 Rebel cavalry scarcely numbering 12,000 effective in close proximity to his rear, in admen-was isolated in a thinly settled, dition to the garrison of 6,000 or partially devastated, exhausted, and in- over in his front; his necessary contensely hostile region. It was largely centration for this siege had left composed of nine-months men, whose nearly all Louisiana open to Dick terms of service had expired or Taylor, who would inevitably rëtrace would soon expire, whose hearts his steps across the country out of yearned toward loved ones far away, which he had so lately been driven, and who decidedly preferred a sure capturing and conscripting by the prospect of going home to their way; and he might, very possibly, "May 31.-We had a very hot time last night. enforcements. I shall go to the breastworks We have quit living like men and are living like this morning. The Yanks are still popping hogs. The Yanks have built rifle-pits with port-away from their rifle-pits. One of company B holes. Our battery was silenced this morning; was killed to-day while looking over the breast5 of company A was wounded. Our regiment work. It is very, very hot, and we have lain in has lost 26 killed and 40 or 50 wounded. the ditch all day. have been relieved from our position by Miles's Legion. We will return to our position, I guess, to-morrow. The Yanks are shelling from the lower fleet. Ten of us are going at a time to camps to get clean clothes. We "June 1.-I was on guard last night. The Yanks shelled us last night, but did no damage. Sam Hagin and Bob Bailey was killed by a rifle cannon-shot this morning. The Yanks are still sharp-shooting, also using their artillery. They have dismounted all our guns. They are the best artillerists I ever saw. The lower fleet has pitched us a few shots from Long Tom. "June 2.-The lower fleet shelled us last night. I am a little unwell this morning. There has not been much fighting to-day. The artillery is booming occasionally, and the sharp-shooters are still popping away. The Yanks threw a few balls at one of our batteries near us to-day. It is reported that we have rëenforcements between Clinton and Osica. "June 3.-The Yanks has been shooting all around us to-day. The Hessions seem to be rather afraid to attempt to storm our works again. but seem rather inclined to starve us out. I hope we will receive reenforcements in time to prevent it. Heaven help us! "June 4.—I am very unwell this morning. The lower fleet shelled us last night. The shells made the boys hunt a place of safety; such as ditches, rat-holes, trees, etc. We are going to our old position. I am sick at camp. "June 5.-We are still besieged by the Yanks. Another day has passed and no reenforcements. Sim Herring was wounded in the head to-day. The Yanks are still sharp-shooting, also using their artillery with but little effect. We hear a great many different reports. "June 6.-The river is falling very fast. It is very, very hot weather. Several shots from 'Whistling Dick' came over our camp to-day. Sewell is shelling the Yanks. I expect to go to the breastworks in the morning. Several of the boys are at camp, sick. "June 7.-Another day has dawned and no re "June 8.-The Yanks began to sharp-shoot at daybreak. We had two men killed yesterday. I am afraid some of our company will get shot next. Another day has dawned and no rëenforcements, but I hope we will receive them soon. The Yanks have been shelling our breastworks, but no damage done. It is very disagreeable sitting in these dirty ditches-but this the Confederate soldier expects and bears cheerfully; but another long hot day has passed, and who knows what may be our situation at this time to-morrow evening? "June 9.-The Yanks attempted a charge last evening but was repulsed. Whistling Dick is at work to-day; it has played a full hand, too. Whistling Dick is tearing our camps all to pieces. Charley Dixon and Berry Hagin was wounded by fragments of our cook shelter, which was shot down. Our sick has been removed to the ravine. It is difficult to get something to eat. The Yankee artillery is playing upon us all around. The Heshians burned our commissary with a shell to-day. "June 10.-Another day and night has passed, and this poor, worn-out garrison has received no assistance. We have lain in the ditches twenty days, and still there is no prospect of succorbut I truly hope we will soon receive rëenforcements. The men is getting sick very fast. The Yankee artillery is keeping a dreadful noise. I and Mormon have been detailed for some extra duty. The Hessions gave us a few rounds as we were crossing the field. I received dispatches from the General in person. "June 11.-The Yanks used their artillery at a tremendous rate last night. I went to or attempted to visit Col. Steedman's headquarters. I had a gay time trying to find them; falling in ravines, etc. I was in a hot place, shure. We captured a Yankee Captain and Lieutenant last night. The Yanks seemed disposed to make a general assault last night." At this point, the journal suddenly stops; the author having been taken prisoner. SECOND ASSAULT ON PORT HUDSON. 335 bring from Texas a force sufficient | more palpable advance of Gens. Groto capture New Orleans itself. Jo. ver and Weitzel on our right. NeiJohnston, with an overwhelming ther attack fully succeeded; but our force, might swoop down from Jack-lines were permanently advanced, at son at any moment; Alabama and some cost, from an average distance Georgia might supply a fresh force of 300 yards, to one of 50 to 200 adequate to. the raising of the siege yards from the enemy's works; and and the rout of the besiegers; add to here our men intrenched themselves which, Lee-so recently victorious at and commenced the erection of new Chancellorsville-might dispatch a batteries. On our left, an eminence corps of veterans by rail for the re- was carried and held which comlief of Gardner and his important manded a vital point of the defenses, post. The Rebel line of defense was known as 'the Citadel'; and which three or four miles long; ours, encfr-enabled Dwight, some days later, to cling theirs, of course considerably seize and hold a point on the same longer; so that a stealthy concentration of the garrison on any point must render it immensely stronger there, for a time, than all who could be rallied to resist it. With Vicksburg proudly defying Grant's most strenuous efforts, and Lee impelling his triumphant legions across the Potomac, the chances were decidedly against the undisturbed prosecution of this siege to a successful issue. ridge with 'the Citadel,' and only ten yards from the enemy's lines. Banks professes to think the day's gains worth their price; but, as he had few men to spare, he did not choose to pay at that rate for any more ground, restricting his efforts thenceforth to digging and battering; Farragut still cöoperating to make the slumbers of the besieged as uneasy as might be.. That garrison was not beaten: it was worn out and starved out. A shell fired its mill, burning it, with After a fortnight's steady digging and firing, a fresh attempt was made," under a heavy fire of artillery, to establish our lines within attacking dis-over 2,000 bushels of corn. Its guns tance of the enemy's works, so as to avoid the heavy losses incurred in moving over the ground in their front. Our men advanced at 3 A. M., working their way through the difficult abatis; but the movement was promptly detected by the enemy, and defeated, with the loss on our side of some scores as prisoners. Four days later, a second general assault was made:" Gen. Dwight, on our left, attempting to push up unobserved through a ravine and rush over the enemy's works while his attention should be absorbed by the 32 June 10. were successively disabled by the remarkable accuracy of our fire, till but 15 remained effective on the landward defenses. Its ammunition for small arms was gradually expended, until but twenty rounds per man remained; and but little more for the artillery. Its meat at length gave out; when its mules were killed and their flesh served out; the men eating it without grumbling. Rats stood a poor chance in their peopled trenches: being caught, cooked, eaten, and pronounced equal as food to squirrels. . And thus the tedious 33 June 14. hours rolled on, until the last hope | which would render holding out imof seasonable relief had all but faded possible. into the deadly stupor of blank despair. And still the besiegers worked on; losing some men daily by cannonballs and the more deadly Minié bullet of the sharp-shooter, but gaining ground foot by foot, until our saps on the right had been pushed up to the very line of the defenses; while on our left a mine had been prepared for a charge of thirty barrels of powder, where its explosion must have caused the destruction of 'the Citadel.' Even had the garrison been full fed and in healthy vigor, they could not have held the place a week longer, unless by successful sallies that virtually raised the siege; whereas, they were utterly exhausted, debilitated, and worn out by famine, overwork, and lack of sleep; until the hospitals were crowded with them, and not half their number could have stood up to fight through a day's earnest battle. Suddenly, our batteries and gunboats shook" the heavens with one tremendous salute, while cheer upon cheer rose from behind our works, rolling from the gunboats above to those below the defenses, and back again, in billows of unmistakable exultation. It was not 'the glorious Fourth,' but two days after it; and the sinking hearts of the besieged anticipated the tidings before our men shouted across to them, "VICKSBURG HAS SURRENDERED!" No one needed to be told that, if that was the truth, further resistance was folly that rëenforcements would soon be steaming down the river 34 July 6. That evening, Gardner summoned a council of his six highest subordinates, who unanimously decided that the place must be surrendered. Thereupon, he opened communication with Banks, asking if the news shouted across the lines was authentic. Banks, in reply, inclosed him. Gen. Grant's letter, announcing the surrender; whereupon, Gardner applied for a cessation of hostilities, with a view to negotiations as to terms. This was declined. The Rebel commander then averred his willingness to surrender on conditions; when conferees were appointed on either side, and terms of capitulation finally agreed " upon, whereby the garrison became prisoners of war; our forces entering and taking formal possession next morning; when thousands of the victors and the vanquished met and fraternized rather as friends who had been temporarily estranged, than as enemies so lately confronted in mortal strife. Gen. Banks does not report his aggregate loss in this siege; but it can hardly have fallen short, in the entire 45 days, of 3,000 men; including, beside those already named, Cols. Bean, 4th Wisc., Holcomb, 1st La., Smith, 160th N. Y. (Zouaves), Lt.-Cols. Lowell, 8th N. H., Rodman, 38th Mass., and other valued officers. Brig.-Gen. Paine was wounded in the assault of June 14th. Banks says the Rebels admitted a loss during the siege of 610 only; but he is confident that it could not have been less than 800 to 1,000; as he found 500 wounded in the hospitals—most of them severely in the head, by the July 8. 35 |