For wines, brandy, & vinegar, in casks, (eimers) of 60 Prus. quarts. | tax free. A report of the provisions suffices, and further control over For herrings, barrels. For burnt chalk, tuns of 4 Prus. bushels. For all other packed articles, quintals of 110 pounds gross weight. If there be a number of packages of similar articles, and each package contains an equal quantity, they may be entered summarily, according to their number and size; and a general statement of the contents will suffice. If the contents of the packages be different, then the contents of each must be specified. The luggage of the passengers must be marked as such in the report. If it consist of general travelling luggage, it will be enough to state the particular boxes or parcels; but if it consist of goods, then must these be stated, according to number and kind. The individual property of the captain, with the exception of the provisions, is stated like all other tradesmen's property, with omis. sion of the declaration of a receiver; and it is also stated in the declaration what articles remain out of the ship's hold. Under letter A. a specimen is given of the report. It must be filled up exactly according to this example, and prepared according to the instructions before mentioned, and written fairly and correctly in the German language. This declaration is binding on the captain, and every error that may be discovered on the unlading, or on examination, brings with it the punishment fixed in s. 121 of the regulation of customs. If the captain have not brought with him a report, he may have one completed in the port, by a customs' officer; in which case he gives up all his papers to the said officer, who then stamps and num. bers them, the last number being marked as such. The captain at the same time, informs the officer of the property belonging to him. self and passengers of which there are no accounts; who thereupon makes out a list thereof, which is signed by the captain, and return el, in order to be used in preparing the report. In case the report has to be prepared on shore, it must be delivered up in 24 hours, at latest, after the arrival of the captain in the road not, possession is taken of the ship, at his expense, which, according to the judgment of the customs, may take place even sooner, but free of expense. It is the business of the captain to procure for himself the neces sary information for the report in the arranged manner, on receipt of the cargo. If he be without this, and a report of the cargo as ordered cannot be prepared, the directions of the customs regulations (s. 81.) are adopted. The required measures, in order to place in security the whole cargo, so that it may be discharged untouched, are taken; but several otherwise admissible facilities in the expediting, cannot be laid claim to. Respecting the provisions, if they consist of articles which pay a consumption duty, a distinct or separate report must be given in duplicate. One is returned to the captain after a general revision, in order that he may take with him an equal quantity of the articles specified in it when he sails. If this do not happen, or if the departure do not take place within a twelvemonth, then the consumption duty is to be paid on the articles remaining on hand. The captain is, however, at liberty to deposit the provisions, subject to the consumption duty, at the custom-house until he sail. Other articles, not properly belonging to the cargo, are in so far admitted, that they undoubtedly belong to the ship's inventory, and are utensils for the voyage. Articles which are not counted as such are taxed, if they be subject to a consumption tax, or, in order to take them again away, they are deposited at the custom-house. If the ship remain in the road, and do not enter the harbour, but conveys there the cargo by lighters, the consumption in the road is Specimen A. (referred to above). Report of Captain Running No of the it only takes place when, in particular cases, it is considered necessary If the captain have another destination, and only visits the harbour through necessity, then, in order to the security of the vessel and cargo, a general inspection only takes place, so that no part of the cargo may be sold or disposed of. When, however, such security has been given, a report is made of the cargo, in as far as the ship's papers and the knowledge of the captain admit. Respecting the further treatment of the business, the custom-house will take such other measures, according to circumstances, viz. whe ther the cargo remain untouched, or whether the same must be wholly or partly discharged for the repair of the ship, so that the cargo may be exported in its original state. If a portion of the cargo is to be disposed of in the country, it is expedited in the same way as other import goods. In cases of stranding, after the first salvage of the goods, the nature and quantity thereof is ascertained, with the assistance of the stranding officers, and must be placed in security till further directious be given about it, The cargo of vessels which put in to winter must be announced at soon as possible, in as far as the ship's papers give information, and the knowledge of the captain extends upon the subject. The inspee tion of the external parts of the vessel, and the articles contained thereon, takes place directly, and the entrances to the ship's hold are locked up. Until the declaration, inspection, and locking up of the vessel take place, she is guarded at the expense of the captain; which guard, in particular cases, may last as long as the customs' department may deem necessary. Vessels which only anchor in the roads, and do not enter a port, are out of the control of the customs officers; they must not, how ever, hold any intercourse with the shore, or the port, otherwise they must give in reports beforehand, and present their papers. If the vessel remain in the roads longer than 24 hours after deci ration is made, before proceeding to put in or unload, if the one of the other be not prevented by stress of weather, then an officer repairs to the ship, examines the decks and the articles thereon, and locks up the entrances, &c. to the hold. To the officers who are ordered for service on board the versel is af forded a proper maintenance or treatment, the same as is given to travellers of the trading class. If the occupation of the vessel takes place at the cost of the exp. tain, he is then obligated to give the officers the daily pay of their rank, as regulated, and to provide for their return to their dwellingplace. If it happen that officers, owing to an interrupted communication with the shore, are forced to remain beyond 2 days on board, then the captain must give them their meals, on their paying for the same, and if any difficulty arise about the charge, it is to be decided by the police authorities. In all cases, the captain must row back the officers from the road to the harbour. The directions of the officers, touching the discharge of the vessel in order that they may be able to exercise properly the duties of their office, must be followed. If a captain has a well-founded complaint to make about the ena duct of the officers, he must present it at the head custom-bouse; and may, after previous examination, expect, without delay, their dismis sal (abstellung). To every captain, after clearing out, the register of complaints (which, according to s. 107. of the regulation of taxes, must be in every custom-house) is presented, in order that he may enter therein his name, and whatever complaint he may have to make. No. as to the Contents of the Vessel called The Vessel carries Ship's Papers. from Official Notices where the Description of Goods is further explained. Table of Fees payable to the Brokers of Stettin, as fixed the 8th January, 1831. (Without distinction aseto the For reporting an outward bound Note.-If a vessel, coming in or For procuring money on bottomry, Dell. Sil.Pf. 020 0 0 10 039 076 016 If the sales be not effected 300 100 8. For certificates and extracts from 040 STOCKHOLM, the capital of Sweden, situated at the junction of the lake Maelar with an inlet of the Baltic, in lat. 59° 20′ 31′′ N., lon. 17° 54′ E.; a well-built, handsome city. Population 80,000. The entrance to the harbour is intricate and dangerous, and should not be attempted without a pilot; but the harbour itself is capacious and excellent, the largest vessels lying in safety close to the quays. Stockholm possesses half the foreign trade of Sweden; but this is confined within comparatively narrow limits, in consequence of the impolitic efforts of the government to promote industry by excluding foreign products. Iron, timber, and deals form the great articles of export. Swedish iron is of very superior quality, and is extensively used in Great Britain; the imports of it amounting, in ordinary years, to about 10,000 tons, exclusive of 500 tons of steel. In addition to the above leading articles, Stockholm exports pitch, tar, copper, &c. The timber is inferior to that from the southern ports of the Baltic. The imports principally consist of colonial products, cotton, dye stuffs, salt, British manufactured goods, hides, fish, wine, brandy, wool, fruit, &c. In seasons of scarcity corn is imported, but it is generally an article of export. Pilotage.-Vessels bound for Stockholm take a pilot at the small island of Oja. Lands-hort lighthouse, 70 feet high, and painted white, is erected on the southern extremity of this island, in lat. 58° 44' 30" N., lon. 17° 52′ 15′′ E. It is furnished with a fixed light, which may be seen, under favourable circumstances, 5 leagues off. The signal for a pilot is a flag at the fore-topmast head, or firing a gun. Money.-Accounts are kept here, at Gottenburgh, and generally throughout Sweden, in rixdollars, or crowns, of 48 skillings, each of 12 rundstycks; or in rixdollars, skillings, and rundstycks, banco. The latter currency is at present (1834) 50 per cent. more valuable than the former. A rixdollar banco is worth, at the current rates of exchange, from about 15, 5d. to 15. 8d. sterling. Except copper, there are no coins in circulation, nor have there been any for 30 years past. Weights and Measures.-The victuali or commercial weights are punds, lispunds, and skippunds; 20 punds being equal to 1 lispund, and 20 lispunds 1 skippund; 100 lbs. Swedish commercial weight 933-4 lbs. avoirdupois 42 1-2 kilog. 87 3-4 lbs. of Hamburgh. The iron weights are 3-5ths of the victuali or commercial weights; 25 marks 1 mark pund; 20 mark punds 1 skippund; and 7 1-2 skippunds 1 ton English. Hence, 100 punds Swedish iron weight 75 lbs. avoirdupois, and 100 lbs. avoirdupois = 133 1-3 lbs. Swedish iron weight. Skippunds 242 39 2,602 2,176 1,896 706 4.722 5,080 6.265 2,005 2,358 1,453 485 3,674 Ditto Ditto Liebau Stettin Steel Copper Brimstone, vitriol, and alum Pro formâ Invoice of 150 Sklb. equal to 20 Tons, Iron, shipped at Stockholm, per Captain London. Bo. r. 200 0 0 Bill brokerage, 1-8 per cent.. 660 Bo. r. 3 6 0 2,510 43 0 L.193 2 11 Stockholm, 1833. E. E., Brokerage on purchase 1-4 per cent. Official Account of the principal Articles, with their Values, exported from, and imported into, Sweden, in 1831. Regulations as to the working of Mines in Sweden.-The following paper, which we have received from Sweden, and on the authenticity of which our readers may rely, shows the nature of the obstructions laid on the principal branch of industry carried on in that kingdom. They appear to us to be in the last degree absurd and oppressive. It might be proper to enact regulations to prevent the waste of the forests; but having done this, every one ought to be at liberty to produce as much iron as he pleased, without being subject to any sort of regulation or control. We are surprised that so intelligent a government as that of Sweden should think of imposing such preposterous regulations. "Sweden has at present from 330 to 340 smelting furnaces, which produce annually from 90,000 to 95,000 tons of pig iron. In converting the pig into bar iron, about 23 per cent. is allowed for waste; and as near as can be ascertained, the annual manufacture of bar iron is from 63,000 to 65,000 tons. The number of iron works is between 420 and 430, having about 1,100 forges (hearths). The annual exportation of bar iron, at an average of the 10 years ending 1831, was 49,568 tons; of which were, for Great Britain 10,000 tons. Vessels entered outwards for foreign places: Vessels. 2,292 72,879 lasts. 1,755 78,868 • 2,379 74,117 • 1,576 = 68,258 4,071 138,650 lasts. 4,095 136,442 4,047 148.727 3,955 = 142,375 "The smelting furnaces and iron works are licensed for particular quantities, some being as low as 50 tons, and others as high as 400 or 500 tons; and some fine bar iron works have licenses for 1,000 tons each. These licences are granted by the College of Mines, which has a control over all iron works and mining operations. The iron masters make annual returns of their manufacture, which must not exceed the privileged or licenced quantity, on pain of the overplus being confiscated. The College has subordinate courts, called Courts of Mines, in every district, with supervising officers of various ranks. All iron sent to a port of shipment must be landed at the public weigh-house, the superintendent of which is a delegate of the College; and his duty is to register all that arrives, and transmit a quarterly report thereof to the college, so that it is impossible for an iron master to send more iron to market than his licence authorises. Many, however, sell iron to inland consumers at the forges, of which no returns are ever made out, and in so far the licences are exceeded; but we do not suppose that the quantity so disposed of exceeds 2,000 or 3,000 tons a year. Every furnace and forge pays a certain annual duty to the Crown. Its amount is fixed by the College when the licence is granted; and care is taken not to grant a licence to any one, unless he has the command of forests equal to the required supply of charcoal, without encroaching on the supply of this material required for the existing forges in the neighbourhood. As the supply of pig iron is limited*, the quantity licenced to be made being never exceeded, the College, in granting new licences to bar iron works, always takes into consideration how far this may be done without creating a scarcity of pig iron. Hence, the erection of new forges depends-Ist, on having a supply of charcoal, without encroaching on the forests which supply your neighbours; and 2dly, on the quantity of pig iron which the College knows to be disposable. The courts of the mines decide all disputes that arise among the iron masters regarding the exceeding of their licences, encroachments, &c.; an appeal to the College lying from their decision, and ultimately to the king in council, or to the supreme court of the kingdom. In 1821, the mines produced 850 tons of copper, 50 tons of brass, 40 tons of lead, 1,700 tons of alum, 46,629 lbs. of cobalt, 3,000 lbs. of silver; and of late years several mines of manganese have been worked, the produce of which may be from 300 to 400 tons." STOCKINGS, as every one knows, are coverings for the legs. They are formed of only 1 thread entwined, so as to form a species of tissue, extremely elastic, and readily adapting itself to the figure of the part it is employed to cover. This tissue cannot be called cloth, for it has neither warp nor woof, but it approaches closely to it; and for the purposes to which it is applied, it is very superior. 1. Historical Sketch of the Stocking Manufacture.-It is well known that the Romans and other ancient nations had no particular clothing for the legs. During the middle ages, however, hose or leggins, made of cloth, began to be used; and at a later period, the art of knitting stockings was discovered. Unluckily, nothing certain is known as to the individual by whom, the place where, or the time when, this important invention was made. Howell, in his History of the World (vol. iii. p. 222.), says, that Henry VIII. wore none but cloth hose, except there came from Spain by great chance a pair of silk stockings; that Sir Thomas Gresham, the famous merchant, presented Edward VI. with a pair of long silk stockings from Spain, and that the present was much taken notice of; and he adds, that Queen Elizabeth was presented, in the third year of her reign, with a pair of black knit silk stockings, and that from that time she ceased to wear cloth hose. It would appear from this circumstantial account, that the art of knitting stockings, or at least that the first specimens of knit stockings, had been introduced into England from Spain about the middle of the 16th century; and such seems to have been the general opinion, till an allusion to the practice of knitting, in the pretended poems of Rowley, forged by Chatterton, caused the subject to be more strictly investigated. The result of this investigation showed clearly that the practice of knitting was well known in England, and had been referred to in acts of parliament, a good many years previously to the period mentioned by Howell. But it had then, most probably, been applied only to the manufacture of woollen stockings; and the general use of cloth hose shows that even these had not been numerous. There is no evidence to show whether the art is native to England, or has been imported.—(See Beckmann's Inventions, vol. iv. art. Knitting Nets and Stockings.) It is singular that the stocking frame, which, even in its rudest form, is a very complex and ingenious machine, that could not be discovered accidentally, but must have been the result of deep combination and profound sagacity, should have been discovered so early as 1589, before, in fact, the business of knitting was generally introduced. The inventor of this admirable machine was Mr. William Lee, of Woodborough, in Nottinghamshire. He attempted to set up an establishment at Calverton, near Nottingham, for the manufacture of stockings, but met with no success. In this situation he applied to the queen for assistance but, instead of meeting with that remuneration to which his genius and inventions so well entitled him, he was discouraged and discountenanced! It need not, therefore, excite surprise that Lee accepted the invitation of Henry IV. of France, who, having heard of the invention promised him a magnificent reward if he would carry it to France. Henry kept his word, and Lee introduced the stocking frame at Rouen with distinguished success; but after the assassination of the king, the concern got into difficulties, and Lee died in poverty at Paris. A knowledge of the machine was brought back from France to England by some of the workmen who had emigrated with Lee, and who established themselves in Nottinghamshire, which still continues the principal seat of the manufacture.-(See Beckmann's Inventions, vol. iv. pp. 313-324.; and Letters on the Utility and Policy of Machines, Lond. 1780.) During the first century after the invention of the stocking frame, few improvements were made upon it, and 2 men were usually employed to work 1 frame. But in the course of last century, the machine was very greatly improved. The late ingenious Mr. Jedediah Strutt, of Derby, was the first individual who succeeded in adapting it to the manufacture of ribbed stockings. Statistical View of the Stocking Trade.-We subjoin, from a paper by Mr. Felkin, of Nottingham, who is very advantageously known by his statistical researches, the following view of the present state of the British hosiery trade. *We do not mean that the manufacture of pig iron is limited; for any one can get a licence to smelt, who can prove he has a sufficiency of charcoal at his disposal; but the quantity licenced is never exceeded, but is often less. Worsted hosiery is chiefly made in Leicestershire; silk hosiery in Derby and Nottingham; and cotton hosiery throughout the counties of Nottingham and Derby, at Hinckley, and at Tewkesbury. The analysis furnished by Blackner, in 1812, may be, perhaps, modified as follows, so as to show the kinds and qualities of goods which the frames are now employed upon, viz Plain cotton, 14 to 22-gauge, 1,600; 24 to 28 gauge, 1,600; 30 to 34 gauge, 2,790; 36 to 60 gauge, 1,600 frames Gauze, 600; gloves and caps, 1,000; drawers, 500; sun 7,590 dries, 560 2,660 L. According to this calculation, the value of the cotton hosiery annually made is $80,000.; that of worsted, &c. is $70,0004.; and that of silk is 241,000/-To produce these goods, it is probable that 4,584.000 lbs. of raw cotton wool, value 153,000l., are used; and 140,000 lbs. of raw silk (2-5ths China and 3-5ths Novi), value 91,000Z.; also, 6,318,000 lbs. of English wool, value 316,000. The total origi nal value of the materials used, is, therefore, 560,0001., which, it ap pears, becomes of the ultimate cost value of 1,991,000, in this manufacture. In wool and yarn in process and stock 86,000 150,000 $3,000 There are employed in the various processes, as follows, vizIn cotton spinning, doubling, &c., 3,000; worsted carding, spinning, &c., 2,500; silk winding, throwing, &c., 1,000 In making stockings, 13,000 men, 10,000 women, and 10,000 youths; and women and children in seaming, winding, &c., 27,000. In embroidering, mending, bleaching, dyeing, dressing, putting-up, &c., probably about Total persons employed The capital employed in the various branches of the trade may be thus estimated, taking the machinery and frames at neither their original cost, nor actual selling price, but at their working value, and the stocks of hosiery on an average of years:The capital in mills and machinery, for preparing cotton, 18 L. worsted, &c. 70,000 52,000 18,000 Capital in narrow cotton frames Floating capital in making hose Total of floating capital N. B.-This estimate is independent, of course, of the value of the hosiery wrought by wires; but this is not very considerat le We believe it underrates the total value of the manufacture; for a sum of 1,991,000. is barely equivalent, without even deducing the exports, which are very considerable, to an expenditure upon stock. ings of about 26, 5d. a year to each individual in Great Britain,—a sum which we are inclined to think is decidedly under the mark. STORES, MILITARY AND NAVAL, include arms, ammunition, &c. It is enacted, that no arms, ammunition, or utensils of war, be imported by way of merchandise, except by license, for furnishing his Majesty's public stores only.-(6 Geo. 4. c. 107.) STORES, in commercial navigation, the supplies of different articles provided for the subsistence and accommodation of the ship's crew and passengers. It is laid down, in general, that the surplus stores of every ship arriving from parts beyond seas are to be subject to the same duties and regulations as those which affect similar commodities when imported as merchandise; but if it shall appear to the collector and comptroller that the quantity of such stores is not excessive, nor unsuitable, under all the circumstances of the voyage, they may be entered for the private use of the master, purser, or owner of such ship, on payment of the proper duties, or be warehoused for the future use of such ship, although the same could not be legally imported by way of merchandise.-(3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 52. 35.) No stores shall be shipped for the use of any ship bound to parts beyond the seas, nor shall any goods be deemed to be such stores, except such as shall be borne upon the victualling bill.-(3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 52. sect. 61.) Goods delivered into the charge of the searchers to be shipped as stores, may be so shipped without entry or payment of any duty, for any ship of the burden of 70 tons at least bound upon a voyage to foreign parts, the probable duration of which out and home will not be less than 40 days: provided such stores be duly borne upon the ship's victualling bill, and be shipped in such quantities, and subject to such directions and regulations, as the commissioners of customs shall direct and appoint.-(3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 57. sect. 16.) Rum of the British plantations may be delivered to the searcher, to be shipped as stores for any ship, without entry or payment of any duty and any surplus stores of any ship may be delivered to the searcher, to be re-shipped as stores for the same ship, or for the same master in another ship, without entry or payment of any duty,- such rum and such surplus stores being duly borne upon the victualling bills of such ships respectively; and if the ship, for the future use of which any surplus stores have been warehoused, shall have been broken up or sold, such stores may be so delivered for the use of any uther ship belonging to the same owners, or inay be entered for pay. inent of duty, and delivered for the private use of such owners or any of them, or of the master or purser of the ship.-Sect. 17. The searchers in London, on clearance of vessels coastwise to take in cargoes for foreign parts, are to apprise the collectors and comptrollers at the outports where the vessels may be bound, of the quantity and description of the goods which may have been shipped as stores on board such vessels, and that bond has been given by the inasters of the vessels that no part of such stores shall be consumed by the crews, of any package opened or altered, until the vessels have actually been cleared on their foreign voyages; and the collectors and comptrollers at the outports are in like manner to cause a similar communic tion to be made to the ports where the outward cargoes are to be taken on board, and the officers at such ports are to take care to ascertain that the several goods so shipped are actually on board the vessels on their arrival, and have neither been consimed or run on snore during the coasting voyage; and if so, to report the same to the Board.-(Min. by Com. of Customs, 19th of Feb. 1933) List of Foreign Goods allowed to be shipped as Stores, from the bonded Warehouses free of Duty.—(Custom's Minute, 29th of Nov. 1832.) Tea, 1-4 of an oz.; coffee or cocoa, 1 oz. per day for each person on board, with the option to ship the entire quantity required for the voyage of either species of these articles, half an oz. of tea being considered equal to one oz. of coffee or cocoa; the tea to be shipped in the original packages in which it was imported. Wine, I quart per day for the master, each mate, and cabin passenger. Wine bottled in the bonded warehouses for exportation may be shipped as stores, in packages containing not less than 3 doz. reputed quart, or 6 doz. reputed pint bottles. Spirits, viz. brandy, geneva, rum (British plantation), 12 pint per day for each person on board. British plantation rum to be in the proportion of 1-2 of the whole quantity of spirits shipped. Each description of spirits intended as stores to be shipped in one cask capable of containing the entire quantity of brandy, or of geneva or ruin, allowed for the voyage, or in casks containing not less than 40 gallons of brandy or geneva, Đơ 20 gallons of British plantation rum, as the case may be provided that if spirits shall have been imported in bottles, or bottled in the bonded warehouses for exportation, the same may be shipped as stores, in packages containing not less than 3 doz. reputed quart or 6 doz. reputed pint bottles. Raw Sugar and Molasses (together or separate), 2 oz. per day for each person on board. Dried Fruits, 2 lbs. per week for each person on board. |