Hearing on Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972: Hearing Before the Subcommittee on Postsecondary Education, Training, and Life-long Learning of the Committee on Economic and Educational Opportunities, House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, First Session, Hearing Held in Washington, DC, May 9, 1995, Volumen4U.S. Government Printing Office, 1995 - 417 páginas The subcommittee met to discuss and hear testimony on Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972, a law designed to prohibit sex discrimination in intercollegiate athletics at federally funded education programs or activities. Among issues addressed were the means by which universities demonstrate that they are in compliance with Title IX as well as the achievements and benefits of the legislation in the 23 years since it was passed. Witnesses who appeared in panels to testify included House Representatives Hastert and Collins and representatives of the Office of Civil Rights at the Department of Education. Also appearing were representatives of universities including the president of Brown University, Vartan Gregorian, and president of Eastern Illinois University, David L. Jorns. They were either troubled by the direction of Title IX enforcement or felt that current enforcement allows an appropriate level of flexibility in achieving compliance. Representatives of several organizations in the athletic community appeared including the National Association of Collegiate Women Athletics Administrators, the National Wrestling Coaches Association, Women's Sports Foundation, the College Football Association. These offered differing opinions on the impact of Title IX on their sports and athletes. Extensive additional material that was submitted for the record is included. (JB) |
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Términos y frases comunes
athletic opportunities athletic programs athletic scholarships Baseball/Softball Basketball Brown University CANTÚ Chairman MCKEON championships Civil Rights Coaches Men's Collegiate Athletic Committee competitive compliance with Title comply with Title CONGRESS THE LIBRARY court Cross Country discrimination Division I-A EADA effectively accommodating eliminate enrollment equal opportunity Federal female athletes Field Hockey funds gender equity Golf Gregorian gymnastics high school Howard McKeon Ice Hockey Indoor/Outdoor Track INSTITUTIONAL AVERAGE intercollegiate athletics interests and abilities Investigator's Manual issue Lacrosse LIBRARY OF CONGRESS male and female male athletes men's and women's men's teams Moorhead State University National NCAA OCR's opportunities for women participation opportunities participation rates percent Policy Interpretation prong Ratio recruiting salary Soccer squad student body student-athletes Subcommittee on Postsecondary substantially proportionate swimming task force Title IX varsity sports Volleyball walk-ons Washington Water Polo women's athletic women's programs women's sports Women's Sports Foundation women's teams wrestling
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Página 332 - In these days, it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education. Such an opportunity, where the state has undertaken to provide it, is a right which must be made available to all on equal terms. We come then to the question presented: Does segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, even though the physical facilities and other "tangible" factors may be equal, deprive the children of the minority...
Página 333 - There can be no doubt that our Nation has had a long and unfortunate history of sex discrimination. Traditionally, such discrimination was rationalized by an attitude of "romantic paternalism" which, in practical effect, put women not on a pedestal, but in a cage.
Página 13 - No person in the United States shall, on the basis of sex, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any education program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance.
Página 91 - ... to grant preferential treatment to any individual or to any group because of the race, color, religion, sex, or national origin of such individual or group on account of an imbalance which may exist with respect to the total number or percentage of persons of any race, color, religion, sex, or national origin employed by any employer...
Página 249 - Nothing contained in subsection (a) of this section shall be interpreted to require any educational institution to grant preferential or disparate treatment to the members of one sex on account of an imbalance which may exist with respect to the total number or percentage of persons of that sex participating in or receiving the benefits of any federally supported program or activity, in comparison with the total number or percentage of persons of that sex in any community, State, section, or other...
Página 157 - I will be happy to answer to the best of my ability any questions you may have of me.
Página 237 - When a court reviews an agency's construction of the statute which it administers, it is confronted with two questions. First, always, is the question whether Congress has directly spoken to the precise question at issue. If the intent of Congress is clear, that is the end of the matter; for the court, as well as the agency, must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress.
Página 44 - Education, girls who participate in sports are three times more likely to graduate from high school, 80 percent less likely to have an unwanted pregnancy, and 92 percent less likely to use drugs.
Página 241 - Each Federal department and agency which is empowered to extend Federal financial assistance to any program or activity, by way of grant, loan, or contract other than a contract of insurance or guaranty, is authorized and directed to effectuate the provisions of section...
Página 237 - If the intent of Congress is clear, that is the end of the matter; for the court, as well as the agency, must give effect to the unambiguously expressed intent of Congress.9 If, however, the court determines Congress has not directly addressed the precise question at issue...