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TABLE I-This Table consists of FRIGORIFIC Mixtures, which are sufficient for all useful and philosophical purposes, in any part of the world, at any season.

FRIGORIFIC MIXTURES, without Ice.

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TABLE II.-This Table consists of FRIGORIFIC MIXTURES, composed of ice, with chemical salts and acids.

FRIGORIFIC MIXTURES, with Ice.

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TABLE III.-This Table consists of FRIGORIFIC MIXTURES selected from the foregoing tables, and combined, so as to increase or extend cold to the extremest degrees.

Combinations of FRIGORIFIC MIXTURES.

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COLD; effects of Different animals will endure different degrees of cold without injury. Some perish suddenly upon the approach of intense cold, such as insects of almost all kinds: others are only thrown into a state of lethargic insensibility, from which they revive again upon the return of warm weather, such are the hybernating animals, as land-tortoises, dor-mice, &c. Man is capable of bearing very wonderful degrees of heat and cold from 212 of Fahrenheit's thermometer and even upwards, though this is the heat of boiling water; to 30° or 40° or even more below 0 or zero. cold at Quebec has sunk as low as -42°, and at Tornao M. Maupertius experienced a cold at -51o below the zero, and this is said to be nothing compared with what it has been known in some parts of Siberia; in which cases respiration is accompanied with prodigious pain, and seems to fill the lungs as with boiling liquid, while from the increased elasticity, of the air, the surrounding rocks and trees often split with reports like cannon.

The

COLEBROOKE DALE, claims a short notice on account of its various works: it is situated on the banks of the Severn between two vast hills which break into various forms, being all thickly covered and forming beautiful sheets of hanging woods. Here are the most considerable iron works in England: the noise of the forges, mills, &c. with all their vast machinery, the flames bursting from the furnaces, with the burning coal, and the smoke of the lime-kilus are altogether horribly sublime. Two beautiful bridges of cast-iron, give these scenes a still nearer resemblance to the ideas of romance. There is, also, in the dale, a remarkable

spring of fossil bar or petroleum, which has yielded a vast quantity of that substance.

COLEOPTERA: the first order of insects in Linnæus' zoological system, which includes all those whose wings are guarded by a pair of strong, horny, exterior cases or coverings under which the wings are folded up when at rest. In common language these insects are called beetles. This order contains an immense number of insects.

COLLEGE, an assemblage or society of persons. In a more limited sense, a college is a public place, endowed with certain revenues, where the several parts of learning are taught, and where the students reside, under a regular discipline. An assemblage of several of these colleges is called a university. The erection of colleges is part of the royal prerogative, and not to be done but in the king's name. The establishment of colleges or universities forms a remarkable period in literary history. The schools in cathedrals and monasteries confined themselves chiefly to the teaching of grammar. There were only one or two masters employed in that charge; but in colleges, professors are appointed to teach all the branches of science. The first obscure mention of academical degrees in the university of Paris, from which the other universities of Europe have borrowed most of their customs and institutions, occurs, a. D. 1215.

COLLEGE of civilians, a college founded by Dr. Harvey, dean of the court of arches, for the professors of the civil law residing in London. Here, also, the courts of civil law are held.

COLLEGE, Gresham, founded by sir Thomas Gres

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