KEITH OF RAVENSCRAIG.-The following is an attempt to construct a pedigree of the family of Keith of Ravenscraig on the Ugie River, parish of Longside, Aberdeenshire. I shall be very grateful for any additions or corrections. Sir William Keith (d. 1521), son of Sir Gilbert Keith of Inverugie (d. 1495) by Janet (m. cr. 1455), dau. of Patrick, 1st Lord Graham (cr. 1445, d. 1466), m. Janet, dau. of Sir James Dunbar of Westfield, Sheriff of Moray, who appears to have had two wives: (a) Elizabeth, dau. of James Ogilvy (d. Feb. 1, 1505/6, eldest son of Sir James Ogilvy of Findlater) and Agnes Gordon, dau. of George, 2nd Earl of Huntly (d. 1501), and (b) Euphemia (m. 1474), dau. and co-heir of Patrick Dunbar of Cumnock, son or grandson of David, sixth son of George, 10th Earl of Dunbar and 5th Earl of March. Which of the two was Janet's mother? Sir William Keith had a dau. Jean, who m. John Forbes, 4th Laird of Pitsligo (d. May 16, 1556), and four sons :— 1. Sir Alexander, who had a marriage contract, Oct. 12, 1501, with Beatrice, dau. William Hay, 3rd Earl of Erroll, but d.s.p. ante 1518.

2. William, who survived his brother but d.v.p. having m. Janet, dau. of Andrew, 2nd Lord Gray (d. February, 1513/14), by Elizabeth Stewart, dau. of John, Earl of Atholl, half brother to James II. By Janet Gray William Keith had two daus. : Margaret, m. ante June 30, 1538, to William, 4th Earl Marischal (d. Oct. 7, 1581), and Elizabeth, m. Dec. 19, 1538, to William, 7th Lord Forbes (d. 1593).

3. Andrew Keith, who was eldest son living on May 24, 1521, and

Of John Keith's three daus. (1) one m. George Gordon of Tilphoudie (d. Jan., 1654); (2) Anne m. James Irvine of Artamford (3) Margaret m. Alexander Farquharson of Finzean. John Keith of Ravenscraig sold property in 1608 to Lord Balmerino. Andrew Keith, who appears as of Ravenscraig on Feb. 1, 1573, had a second son James, living Feb. 20, 1584.

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Are any other children of John I., Andrew, or John II. of Ravenscraig known? Who was the wife of John I. ? and when did these three lairds and their respective wives die ? Where are they buried and are any portraits of them known to exist and, if so, where may they be found? H. PIRIE-GORDON.

20 Warwick Gardens, Kensington, W.14.

'THE HOLY HISTORY,' BY NICHOLAS TALON, printed by John Crook and John Baker at Ye Ship, St. Paul's Churchyard, 1657. It is an exposition of the Catholic faith, with a dedication to King Louis XIV. of France.

This volume, in the possession of the writer, has some interesting historical associations, having formerly belonged to, and bearing the autograph of, Henry, 3rd Lord Arundell, of Wardour Castle, Tisbury, Wilts, who, in 1678, along with other leading Catholic peers, Lords Petre, Stafford, Powis, and Belasye, was committed to the Tower of London, on the information of the notorious Titus Oates, on account of the alleged conspiracy to overthrow the monarchy.

I should be glad of any particulars relating to this work and its author.

D. HANSARD WORKMAN.

Seven Kings, Essex.

the confessor and friend of the Prince de Condé [Nicolas Talon (1605-1691) was a French Jesuit, and the author of several books. His 'Histoire Sainte' is not without merit in the matter of style but it has no intrinsic value. Nevertheless, it was a popular work in its day, as the translation into English published (1653) by the Marquis of Winchester goes to prove.]

Andrew Keith had a dau. Rebecca, who m., July or August, 1589, Sir James Gordon, afterwards 4th Laird and 1st Baronet of Lesmoir (cr. Sept. 2, 1625). King James VI. was present at Ravenscraig for this wedding. On April 1, 1589, Andrew Keith gave Buthlaw to his son John Keith, afterwards also of Ravenscraig, who m. Anne, dau. of Alexander Irvine, 8th Laird of Drum (d. 1603), by Elizabeth Keith, dau. of William, 4th Earl

the name of this loyal cavalier in any connexion with the history of the Restoration ? After the death of his third wife, Mary Chichester, at Sydenham, Marystowe, on May 27, 1657, we lose all record of him. John Prince (Worthies of Devon,' p. 184) says that he died near about the return of K. Charles II." and was forced to travel beyond the seas, into foreign countries." Dr. Oliver, arguing from the fact that Carys early emigrated to America, says that

66

66

CHESS: THE

KNIGHT'S TOUR.

(12 S. v. 92, 136, 325.)

A CORRESPONDENT asks (12 S. v. 325) how are startling arithmetical combinations arrived at. I cannot say exactly, but I can give a specimen, in which the total of every rank and of every file is 260, and on any straight line through the centre of the board the difference between the numbers on two squares equidistant from the centre is 32. Here are the figures in order: 10, 35, 48, 23, 38, 29, 50, 27; 47, 22, 11, 36, 49, 26, 39, 30; 34, 9, 24, 45, 32, 37, 28, 51; 21, 46, 33, 12,

25, 52, 31, 40; 8, 63, 20, 57, 41, 1, 14, 53;

19, 60, 5, 64, 13, 56, 41, 2; 62, 7, 58, 17, 4, 43, 54, 15; 59, 18, 61, 6, 55, 16, 3, 42.

I do not think a square in which each diagonal (as well as every rank and file) totals 260 can be made by the knight's tour; but leaving the knight's tour aside, many such squares can be made, with this fact added, that every pair of adjacent numbers (taking them in pairs from the edge) totals 65, with the consequence that if the board be regarded as one of 16 great squares, each great square consisting of 4 chess squares, then the figures on every great square total 130. Here is a specimen, in which the odd numbers are all on white squares on the outer two ranks and files, and all on black squares of the middle 16: 1, 64, 25, 40, 43, 22, 51, 14; 32, 33, 8, 57, 54, 11, 46, 19; 21, 44, 52, 13, 2, 63, 39, 26; 12, 53, 45, 20, 31, 34, 58, 7; .59, 6, 30, 35, 48, 17, 9, 56; 38, 27, 3, 62, 49, 16, 24, 41; 47, 18, 55, 10, 5, 60, 29, 36; 50, 15, 42, 23, 28, 37, 4, 61.

It is quite easy to make a magic square by rule of thumb on the square of any odd number. The middle number takes the middle square, and the sum of each pair of

opposite sides-twice the middle number. Squares of even numbers are difficult, and I know of no rule for constructing them. A. M. B. IRWIN.

Some of the readers of N. & Q.' interested in this problem may not have access to Tomlinson's Amusements in Chess,' as it has long been out of print, or to other more modern works on chess which deal with it; I therefore offer them the key to its solution as enunciated by Dr. Roget.

The solution consists in the right application of certain geometrical figures executed by the knight in the course of his tour. These figures are the "diamond' and the square," and their right application is dominated throughout by the cross," and conditioned by a law of alternation.

66

To cover the board in 63 leaps, starting from any square, the knight has to resort to two classes of moves, viz.: the diamond and the square. Hence arise two systems of moves, comprising 32 squares each. These two systems are again divisable into four of 16 squares each, giving two diamond and two square systems, the alternation of the use of which, offering a prescribed law, furnishes an unfailing solution of the problem under all conditions.

Below is a diagram of the board as apportioned out into its two diamond and

two square systems :

Let a and b enumerate the two diamond systems, and x and y the two square.

Before applying this key to specific cases,

to be no historical foundation for this statement, and it is more probable that, having sacrificed his all in the Royalist cause, his one hope was in the restoration of Charles, and that he made his way to the French Court and died, either there or, as suggested by Prince, about the time of the king's return. In the latter case his burial may be recorded in some London church. There is no record of it, as far as I can ascertain, in Devon. HUGH R. WATKIN.

Chelston Hall, Torquay.

'ANNE OF GEIERSTEIN.'-I should be grateful for help in elucidating any of the following points in this novel of Scott's :

1. "Our Lady's Knight bless thee and prosper thee" (ch. ii.).—Who was "our Lady's Knight"? 2. "A Swiss maiden should only sing Albert Ischudi's ballads " (ch. iv.).-Who was he?

3. Where can I find " Matthew of Doncaster, a bowyer who lived at least a hundred years ago (ch. iv.), i.e., before 1370 ?

4. Who was Bottaferma of Florence (ch. vi.)? Apparently a fencing master.

5. Where can I find "the holy hermit, Berchtold of Offringen (ch. xiii.)? 6. 66

66

The Baron Saint Antonio be praised (ch. xix.).—Which St. Antony was thus ennobled ? 7. Such an influence....as the rites of the Druids [had] over [the mind] of the Roman general, when he said,

I scorn them, yet they awe me (ch. xxii.). -From the way in which this is printed I take it to be a quotation from an English play; it is not in Bonduca,' which seemed a likely earth." 8. Charles the Bold calls Margaret of Anjou his cousin (ch. xxv.), but I cannot trace the relationship.

9. What is the allusion in "by the White Swan! (ch. xxx.)?

10. Good King René proposed to meet his daughter" in the character of old Palemon,—

The prince of shepherds, and their pride (ch. xxxi.).-Who was Palemon, and whence is the quotation ?

11. When Margaret knelt to her father, he also knelt to her, "a situation in which the royal daughter and her parent seemed about to rehearse the scene of the Roman Charity (ch. xxxi).What does this refer to ?

12. Whence comes the line:"With hostile faces thronged and fiery arms,” (ch. xv.)? C. B. WHEELER.

80 Hamilton Terrace, N.W.8.

REV. THOMAS GARDEN, RECTOR OF SNAITH (?).—The Rev. Thomas Garden or Gairdyne, who was ordained minister of the parish of Clatt, Aberdeenshire, in 1669, appears to have been deprived of his living in 1681, probably on account of Test (Scott's Fasti,' iii. 553), and to have taken

66

The University, Aberdeen.

SONG: 'THE SPADE.'-Could any one inform me of the writer of the song entitled The Spade,' the first line of which runs : Give me a spade and the man who can use it " ? The song was, I believe, popular some few years ago. I should be glad of any information concerning it through the columns of N. & Q.'

WM. J. HARRIS, Chief Librarian. Central Library, Holloway Road, N.7.

LE MONUMENT " QUAND MÊME."-I have seen a mention in print of a Parisian monument which is so called. What is the object of it? Was it erected as a reminder of the temporary loss of Alsace and Lorraine ? ST. SWITHIN. ST. LEONARD'S PRIORY, HANTS.-Is any. thing known of this quaint old place? (Mrs.) E. E. COPE.

Finchampstead, Berks.

WILLIAM THOMAS ROGERS, SCULPTOR AND CHURCH BUILDER.-This man is said to have been born in 1807, a son of one of the overlookers in the famous Penrhyn Quarries, and to have died about 1870 at Beaumaris. I have never seen a published account of his life and work, but tradition says that he built more churches and beautiful chapels than any other one contractor in North Wales. This is very probably true. I have seen it stated also that he was elected a "Fellow of the Royal Architectural Society in 1857, and subsequently a "Fellow of the Royal Society," and that he wrote important articles to The Times, on architectural subjects presumably, now and then for twenty years. Could any one tell me whether all this is also true? T. LLECHID JONES.

THEODORUS OF CYRENE.-In 'Safe Studies,' p. 142, the late Mr. Tollemache says of George Grote, the historian :

"He had a sort of timeo Danaos feeling about the authors of this half-way movement [Clerical Rationalism] and he had only a partial sympathy even with Sterling....His view was that of Theodorus of Cyrene; and he regarded the opposite view as containing the root and germ of every form of superstition.'

Who was Theodorus of Cyrene and what was his " view" ?

St. Mary's House, Tenby.

H. E. G. EVANS.

A CORRESPONDENT asks (12 S. v. 325) how are startling arithmetical combinations arrived at. I cannot say exactly, but I can give a specimen, in which the total of every rank and of every file is 260, and on any straight line through the centre of the board the difference between the numbers on two squares equidistant from the centre is 32. Here are the figures in order: 10, 35, 48, 23, 38, 29, 50, 27; 47, 22, 11, 36, 49, 26, 39, 30;

34, 9, 24, 45, 32, 37, 28, 51; 21, 46, 33, 12, 25, 52, 31, 40; 8, 63, 20, 57, 41, 1, 14, 53; 19, 60, 5, 64, 13, 56, 41, 2; 62, 7, 58, 17, 4, 43, 54, 15; 59, 18, 61, 6, 55, 16, 3, 42.

I do not think a square in which each diagonal (as well as every rank and file) totals 260 can be made by the knight's tour; but leaving the knight's tour aside, many such squares can be made, with this fact added, that every pair of adjacent numbers (taking them in pairs from the edge) totals 65, with the consequence that if the board be regarded as one of 16 great squares, each great square consisting of 4 chess squares, then the figures on every great square total 130. Here is a specimen, in which the odd numbers are all on white squares on the outer two ranks and files, and all on black squares of the middle 16: 1, 64, 25, 40, 43, 22, 51, 14; 32, 33, 8, 57, 54, 11, 46, 19; 21, 44, 52, 13, 2, 63, 39, 26; 12, 53, 45, 20, 31, 34, 58, 7; .59, 6, 30, 35, 48, 17, 9, 56; 38, 27, 3, 62, 49, 16, 24, 41; 47, 18, 55, 10, 5, 60, 29, 36; 50, 15, 42, 23, 28, 37, 4, 61.

It is quite easy to make a magic square by rule of thumb on the square of any odd number. The middle number takes the middle square, and the sum of each pair of

opposite sides-twice the middle number. Squares of even numbers are difficult, and I know of no rule for constructing them. A. M. B. IRWIN.

Some of the readers of N. & Q.' interested in this problem may not have access to Amusements in Chess,' as it Tomlinson's has long been out of print, or to other more modern works on chess which deal with it; I therefore offer them the key to its solution as enunciated by Dr. Roget.

The solution consists in the right application of certain geometrical figures executed by the knight in the course of his tour. " and the These figures are the "diamond

93 square, and their right application is dominated throughout by the " cross," and conditioned by a law of alternation.

To cover the board in 63 leaps, starting from any square, the knight has to resort to two classes of moves, viz. the diamond and the square. Hence arise two systems of moves, comprising 32 squares each. These two systems are again divisable into four of 16 squares each, giving two diamond and two square systems, the alternation of the use of which, offering a prescribed law, furnishes an unfailing solution of the problem under all conditions.

Below is a diagram of the board as apportioned out into its two diamond and two square systems:

Let a and b enumerate the two diamond systems, and x and y the two square.

Before applying this key to specific cases,