-What thou bidst Unargued I obey; so God ordains; God is thy law, thou mine; to know no

more

Is woman's happiest knowledge, and her praise.

This I humbly suppose must be allowed as a just criterion of a wife's affection—and if so, as correct a rule of obedience as can be insisted upon-for, if others more learned than myself in these subjects be not egregiously mistaken, it would appear that affection is the source of this obedience, and that when the will is subjected to its pure influence, it has its seat in reason, and is judicious.' Let me not be deemed presumptuous, then, if I venture to suggest that the wedded daughters of Eve may find a very useful principle of submission in the passage which I have quoted."

"How excellent would be such a principle." exclaimed the manager's wife, were it but adopted! How many violations of the conjugal faith would be prevented! How many husbands and wives would have escaped the wretched doom in which they have involved themselves! And how many family miseries would never have been heard of, which are now canvassed in every gossiping party throughout this metropolis!"

"Ah!" cried the Manager, "it would, indeed, be a most sovereign panacea for all the lamentation and woe which now fill the breasts of many a man and woman, who have fancied that in the blissful state of matrimony primeval felicity might be found. But my dear Madam, it is rather unfortunate for the applicatory force of Mr. T—'s quotation, as it is for the anticipations of such self-deluded pairs, that Eve's submissive speech was made before her fall, and that her sentiments of duty were sadly changed after it. Now, for the honour of your sex, I must insist upon it, that considering the burden which our good inother Eve was so dever as to throw upon the shoulders of all womankind, there are as many obedient wives to be found as can well be expected; and taking also into the account that Adam was as deep in the dirt as his rib was in the mire, his sons can have but few exclusive pretensions to superior excellence over his daughters. We will therefore, if you please, Mr. -, close the argument by one general summary of the whole,-that rational

affection will produce réasonable obedience, and that the best ground for the husband's right of command is that union of his own will with his wife's, which makes both attractive, and neither burdensome. Attractive, I mean in opposition to an imperious claim of authority on his part, which the mind always repels with displeasure, and a contradictory waywardness on her's, which at once robs her of all the amiable graces of her form, and changes her into an object of contempt, instead of

esteem."

At the conclusion of the Manager's observations, the servant announced that supper was ready. The tidings were received by the company with a simultaneous start from their seats. Every one was making for the supperroom, when a cry of "Fire! Fire!" resounded through the streets, which was increased by the vociferations of the crowds that seemed rushing to the spot. At the same instant a loud knocking was heard at the door of the Superintendant's house. Two or three footmen, who were waiting for the carriages of some of the company, ran up stairs to inform them that the fire had burst out at the opposite house. The alarm was general, and the supper was left untouched. Miss G swooned -Captain Otto asked, in great agitátion, whether there was any danger of the fire communicating to the Superintendant's house 7-The City Baronet ordered his carriage to the end of the street. Lady S- ran to the windows, and opened the shutters, when the frightful glare of the flames, the hideous crackling of the burning rafters, struck us all with horror. While we were gazing in the most tormenting suspense of apprehension, we beheld a female figure with a child in her arms, endeavouring, but in vain, to open the window of an attic. The raging element had not yet reached the upper story; her shrieks could be distinctly heard. Save her, save the poor infant!" proceeded from every mouth. "Gracious Heaven!" exclaimed Mr.

"What's to be

done? There are no engines-there is no water. Positively," cried the Captain, putting on his great coat with much trepidation, "this is a horrible situation to be in; how shall we get away?" At that moment the distracted female left the window." She must be burnt-the child will be destroyed," cried Mr. and darting out of the

ex

room, we heard his voice in the street, calling upon the people to bring the ladders. "Here! here is one," claimed a part of the crowd. In an instant it was applied to the front of the house, and the first person we saw mounting it was Mr. ; he broke in the glass of the sash, and throwing it up, he was enveloped with smoke. In a few moments we saw him with the child in one arm, and the female supported by the other.

perpendicular section of any canal wider at the surface than at the bottom, and whereof the bottom is level; and let CE, DF, be both perpendicular to C D ; also let C G be taken equal to EC, the depth: then if the diagonal EG be drawn, the triangle ECG will truly represent the pressure against the line E C. [Hutton's Mathematics.] But the triangle ECG is equal to half the square of the depth. Hence EF drawn into half the square of the depth will be the pressure on the parallelogram E D.

Again because (as it is proved by the writers on Statics) the lateral pressure of any fluid, whose perpendicular section, is a triangle, having for its base the horizontal surface of the fluid, is equal to the pressure on a rectangle under the breadth, at the surface and greatest perpendicular depth, it follows that the pressure against the triangle AEC is of AE drawn into half the square of EC; and that on the triangle FBD equal to of FB drawn into half the square of F D.

Now AE+F B is the difference of the breadths at the surface and bottom; and therefore the RULE is correct in all cases

where the floor of the canal is level, and where the perpendicular section is not wider below than at the surface.

Were it required to ascertain the pressure on a dam-gate whereof the floor is horizontal, but the under breatdth the greater, change to in the given Rule, and the application will be faultless.

If the floor be not horihontal, a level is to be taken at the less depth, and the pressure on the triangle below that level must be calculated by the last Rule, and added to the pressure above the level. By all which it appears, as your Correspondent suggests, that Mr. Dow LING'S Rule is correct in practice, since flood-gates have always a level floor, and are never wider at the bottom than at the surface.

THE RULE, in my opinion, is not only neat and concise, but will be found eminently useful. Indeed, the whole of Mr. DOWLING's Key to Dr Hutton's valuable and elaborate Trea tise is so pregnant with elegance and improvement, that no mathematician in possession of Hutton's Course of Matbeinatics should be without a copy of a work of such sterling merit. I remain, Sir,

Your obedient servant, T. W. C. EDWARDS. 40, Pall-mall, 5th Feb. 1818.

REMEDIES FOR CHILBLAINS.

A

chilblain is a well-known inflams matory affection of the extremities of the body, produced by "the applica tion of cold." The following embrocation, if early resorted to, will seldom fail of effecting a cure:

Soap liniainent, 1 ounce;
Compound camphor liuiament, oz.

Mix. A small quantity to be well rubbed on the affected part every night and morning, or as often as convenient.

If, as frequently happens, an ulcer of a gangrenous nature should form, commonly termed a "broken chilblain," it should be dressed with a little " com pound lead cerate," spread on fine lint. The dressing to be renewed at least once a day. W. W. M. St. John's-square, Feb. 21,

1818

To the Editor of the European Magazine. London, 16th Jan. 1818.

SIR,

IT

T is a satisfaction to perceive (after a lapse of eight or nine years since the publication of my account of Marocco and the interior of Africa), that in proportion as we are becoming better acquainted with the interior of that continent, my account becomes more authenticated, notwithstanding the attempts that have been so insiduously made to invalidate it.

The various hypotheses, for the most part founded in theory, that have, within the last seven years, been adopted respecting the course of the Nile el Abeede (Niger), are beginning now to fall to the ground, and the learned and judicious editor of the Supplement to the New Encyclopedia Britannica, founding his opinions, as it should seem, upon the facts that have been corroborated respecting the interior of Africa, has actually adopted my opinion ;* viz. That there is an union of waters beween the Nile of Egypt and that of Soudan: † where the common receptacle is I have not ventured to declare, but it is probable that it may be Bahar Kulla, in Wangara, or in the Sea of Soudan; the opinion that the junction is formed in the Sea of Soudan is supported by the Sheriff Imhammed, who saw the Nile at Cashna, and declared that it was so rapid there from east to west that vessels could not stem it.

Again: Parke's intelligence, in his 2d Journey, demonstrates an union of waters in the (Baseafeena) Sea of Soudan; for he says, the current was said to be sometimes one way and sometimes another; which I will take the liberty to interpret thus :—

Nile was westward into the Sea of Soudan, and the current of the Western Nile was eastward into the same Sea of Soudan: thus the current would be sometimes one way and sometimes another, making the Sea of Soudan the cominon receptacle for the Eastern as well as for the Western Nile.

Ptolemy's Sea of Nigritia is undoubt edly the same with my Sea of Soudan; Lybia Palus being the Latin denomination, as Bahar Soudan is the Arabic, for the interior lake called the Sea of Soudan; but whether this Sea of Soudan will ultimately prove to be situated ** as I have described it, ++fifteen journies east of Timbuctoo, or 450 English miles, or as Ptolemys has described it, or in the intermediate distance between the two extremes, must be left for future travellers to ascertain.

The enterprising and indefatigable, the patient and persevering, genius of Burkhardt, deriving incalculable advantages from a long residence in the eastern regions of Africa, may probably decrce him to be the person to clear up this long-contested geographical point, unless the fascination of Arabian manners, or some Utopia in the interior regions of that continent, should wean him from the desire to revisit his native country.

This intelligence of Parke may be considered some corroboration of what I have maintained respecting the union of waters between the Eastern and Western Niles ++

++

The following testimonies are some confirmation of my report respecting decked vessels, &c. in the interior of Africa.

Dr. Sietzen, a Germau physician residing at Alexandria, says, that he

See my letter to the Editor of the Monthly Magazine, Vol. XLIII. March 1817, page 125.

+ It is incorrect to say, that the word Nile is applied in Africa to any great river (the name, I can with confidence declare, is never applied to any river in North Africa, except the Nile of Egypt and that of Soudan): whoever has propagated this opinion has mistaken the matter altogether. See Proceedings of the African Association, Vol. I. page 540.

See Major Rennell's Map of North Africa, lat, north 6. long. west 18°, &c. See Jackson's enlarged Account of Marocco, Timbuctoo, &c. page 310.

Another name for the Sea of Soudan, as will hereafter appear.

Europ. Mag. Vol. LXXIII. Feb. 1818.

Λ

grim on his way to Mecca, a native of Ber Noh, or Bernou, that the

I See Ptolemy's map of N. Africa. ** See Jackson's enlarged Account of Marocco, page 310.

++ Fifteen journies horse travelling, which are the journies here alluded to, at thirty miles a-day, is 450 British miles. ‡‡ See Monthly Magazine, March 1817, page 125.

See Jackson's enlarged Account of Marocco, &c. page 309.

For full particulars see New Supp. to Ency. Britt. article " Africa."

11 This Bernou, or, according to the Arabic orthography, Ber Noh, is asserted by the Arabs to be the birthplace of the Patriarch Noah:

Q