The study covered a total of 3,156 establishments with 249,700 office workers and 650,900 plant workers. Included in the survey were firms with 100 or more workers in manufacturing; transportation, communication, and other public utilities; and in retail trade (excluding department stores). Firms with 50 or more workers were included in wholesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; services, and motion pictures. Major industry groups excluded are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. The Los Angeles-Long Beach metropolitan area includes Los Angeles and Orange Counties. Includes data for retail trade (except department stores) in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. b Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. e Finance, insurance, and real estate. d Motion picture production and motion-picture service industries independent of production but allied thereto. Includes data for retail trade (except department stores) and real estate in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. f Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Area Wage Survey, Los Angeles-Long Beach, California, March 1966. The study covered a total of 1,269 establishments with 103,700 office workers and 194,400 plant workers. Included in the survey were firms with 100 or more workers in manufacturing; transportation, communication, and other public utilities; and retail trade. Firms with 50 or more workers were included in wholesale trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. Major industry groups excluded are government operations and the construction and extractive industries. The San Francisco-Oakland metropolitan area includes the Counties of Alameda, Contra Costa, Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo. Includes service industries in addition to the industry groups shown separately. b Transportation, communication, and other public utilities. Finance, insurance and real estate. d Includes data for real estate and services in addition to those industry divisions shown separately. • Less than 0.5 percent. NOTE: Detail may not add to total because of rounding. SOURCE: U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Area Wage Survey, San Francisco-Oakland, California, January 1966. 51-146 0-70-18 Farm laborers and foremen. 767 • The survey covered 136 private firms covering a total of 3,501 persons employed (2) Clerical occupations: Junior typist-clerk, intermediate typist-clerk, junior (3) Medical technicians: Registered nurse, laboratory technologist (clinical), b Data were obtained in a representative sample of firms selected in 41 non- (3) Southern area: Apple Valley, Banning, Beaumont, Brawley, Coachella, El SOURCE: California State Personnel Board, Nonmetropolitan Wage and Salary SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of the Census. CALIFORNIA WOMEN TABLE XII Median School Years Completed by Persons 14 Years Old and Over, by Age, Color, and Sex 39 "Who are the Working "American Women"Report of President's Commission on the Status of Women, 1963, pp. 4, 19 "California Womanpower", Division of Labor Statistics and Research, Dept. of Industrial Relations, July 1966, p. 6 "Negroes and Mexican "Almost half of the 4.9 million women who are heads of families work outside the home. Forty-eight percent of women family heads have children under 18 years of age; another 10 percent are responsible for sisters. brothers, or other relatives under 18 years." "Throughout its deliberations, the commission has kept in mind certain women who have special disadvantages. Among heads of families in the United States, I in 10 s a woman. At least half of them are carrying responsibility for both earning the family's living and making the family's home. Their problems are correspondingly greater; their resources usually less." "... In nearly half a million families with children. under six years, the mother is frequently the sole sup port. Close to 1 of every 10 families in California was headed by a woman in 1959. More than 40 percent of these families headed by a female had an annual income under $3,000, compared with about 11 percent of the husband-wife families or those headed by a male. Children under 18 were present in more than two-thirds of the women-headed families with incomes under $3,000 and in about one-third of the other families in this income group. "Among nonwhite families, 17 percent had women as their heads; 6? percent of these women-headed families had incomes below the $3,000 level: and more than threefourths of these low-income families headed by women had children present under age 18." (Note: Based on 1960 U.S. census) SOUTH LOS ANGELES-A predominantly Negro section consisting of the Watts, Central, Avalon, Florence, Green Meadows, Exposition, and Willowbrook areas. "When women, with less earning power than men, are forced to assume the role of family breadwinner, both they and their children are very often reduced to a life of poverty. In 1960, persons in families headed by a woman already represented 19 percent of all persons living in family groups in South Los Angeles. By 1965, the proportion had grown to 26 percent." "More than one-quarter of all families in South Los Angeles had incomes below the 'poverty level' in 1965. The yardstick used by the Census Bureau to measure the poverty level is the index developed by the Social Security Administration. It takes into account such factors as family size and the ages of children in the family as well as money income. In this index, $3,130 is the 'poverty level' for a family of four. "In the Watts area, 42 percent of all families had incomes below the poverty level in 1965. Almost onethird of all families in Central and Avalon had incomes below the poverty level. Among families headed by a woman, the situation was much worse two-thirds of all persons living in families headed by a woman in Watts and 60 percent of those in Central, Avalon, Florence and Green Meadows had incomes below the poverty level." Families Persons in families. "Negroes and Mexican EAST LOS ANGELES-An area in which Mexican. Americans (or persons of Spanish surname) predominate, covering Boyle Heights, East Los Angeles, and City Terrace. "The proportion of persons living in families headed by a woman was about the same in 1965 (17 percent) as in 1960 (16 percent).... "In 1965, almost one-quarter of all families in East Los Angeles had incomes below the 'poverty level' index developed by the Social Security Administration. Among persons in families headed by a woman, half were in households where the 1965 income was below the poverty level...." |