Title 70, Chap. 4.
Perjury.

Subornation of perjury.

Form of indictment for perjury.

Indictment for subornation of perjury.

Sec.

SEC. 5392. Every person who, having taken an oath before a competent tribunal, officer, or person, in any case in which a law of the United States authorizes an oath to be administered, that he will testify, declare, depose, or certify truly, or that any written testimony, declaration, deposition, or certificate by him subscribed is true, willfully and contrary to such oath states or subscribes any material matter which he does not believe to be true, is guilty of perjury, and shall be punished by a fine of not more than two thousand dollars, and by imprisonment, at hard labor, not more than five years; and shall, moreover, thereafter be incapable of giving testimony in any court of the United States until such time as the judgment against him is reversed. [See § 1750, DIPLOMATIC OFFICERS.]

SEC. 5393. Every person who procures another to commit any perjury is guilty of subornation of perjury, and punishable as in the preceding section prescribed. [See § 1750.]

SEC. 5396. In every presentment or indictment prosecuted against any person for perjury, it shall be sufficient to set forth the substance of the offense charged upon the defendant, and by what court, and before whom the oath was taken, averring such court or person to have competent authority to administer the same, together with the proper averment to falsify the matter wherein the perjury is assigned, without setting forth the bill, answer, information, indictment, declaration, or any part of any record or proceeding, either in law or equity, or any affidavit, deposition, or certificate, other than as herein before stated, and without setting forth the commission or authority of the court or person before whom the perjury was committed.

SEC. 5397. In every presentment or indictment for subornation of perfjury, it shall be sufficient to set forth the substance of the offense charged upon the defendant, without setting forth the bill, answer, information, indictment, declaration, or any part of any record or proceeding either in law or equity, or any affidavit, deposition, or certificate, and without setting forth the commission or authority of the court or person before whom the perjury was committed, or was agreed or promised to be committed.

4235. State regulation of pilots. 4236. Pilots on boundaries.

Title 48, Chap. 5.

State regulation of pilots.

Pilots on boundaries between States.

No discrimina

PETTY OFFICERS.
See SEAMEN IN THE NAVY.

PILOTS-PILOTAGE.

Sec.

4237. No discrimination in rates of pilotage.

SEC. 4235. Until further provision is made by Congress, all pilots in the bays, inlets, rivers, harbors, and ports of the United States shall continue to be regulated in conformity with the existing laws of the States respectively wherein such pilots may be, or with such laws as the States may respectively enact for the purpose.

SEC. 4236. The master of any vessel coming into or going out of any port situate upon waters which are the boundary between two States, may employ any pilot duly licensed or authorized by the laws of either of the States bounded on such waters, to pilot the vessel to or from such port.

SEC. 4237. No regulations or provisions shall be adopted by any State tion in rates of which shall make any discrimination in the rate of pilotage or halfpilotage. pilotage between vessels sailing between the ports of one State and Vessels sailing between the ports of different States, or any discrimination against vessels propelled in whole or in part by steam, or against national vessels of the United States; and all existing regulations or provisions making any such discrimination are annulled and abrogated.

SEC. 4293. The President is authorized to employ so many of the pub- Title 48, Chap. 8. lic armed vessels as in his judgment the service may require, with suit- Public vessels able instructions to the commanders thereof, in protecting the merchant- to suppress pivessels of the United States and their crews from piratical aggressions racy.

and depredations.

SEC. 4294. The President is authorized to instruct the commanders of Seizure of pi the public armed vessels of the United States to subdue, seize, take, and ratical vessels. send into any port of the United States, any armed vessel or boat, or any vessel or boat, the crew whereof shall be armed, and which shall have attempted or committed any piratical aggression, search, restraint, depredation, or seizure, upon any vessel of the United States, or of the citizens thereof, or upon any other vessel; and also to retake any vessel of the United States, or its citizens, which may have been unlawfully captured upon the high seas.

Merchant-ves.

pirates.

SEC. 4295. The commander and crew of any merchant-vessel of the United States, owned wholly, or in part, by a citizen thereof, may oppose sels may resist and defend against any aggression, search, restraint, depredation, or seizure, which shall be attempted upon such vessel, or upon any other vessel so owned, by the commander or crew of any armed vessel whatsoever, not being a public armed vessel of some nation in amity with the United States, and may subdue and capture the same; and may also retake any vessel so owned which may have been captured by the commander or crew of any such armed vessel, and send the same into any port of the United States.

Condemnation

SEC. 4296. Whenever any vessel, which shall have been built, purchased, fitted out in whole or in part, or held for the purpose of being of piratical vesemployed in the commission of any piratical aggression, search, restraint, sels. depredation, or seizure, or in the commission of any other act of piracy as defined by the law of nations, or from which any piratical aggression, search, restraint, depredation, er seizure shall have been first attempted or made, is captured and brought into or captured in any port of the United States, the same shall be adjudged and condemned to their use, and that of the captors after due process and trial in any court having admiralty jurisdiction, and which shall be holden for the district into which such captured vessel shall be brought; and the same court shall thereupon order a sale and distribution thereof accordingly, and at its discretion.

SEC. 4297. Any vessel built, purchased, fitted out in whole or in part, Seizure of ves sels fitted out for or held for the purpose of being employed in the commission of any piracy. piratical aggression, search, restraint, depredation, or seizure, or in the commission of any other act of piracy, as defined by the law of nations, shall be liable to be captured and brought into any port of the United States if found upon the high seas, or to be seized if found in any port or place within the United States, whether the same shall have actually sailed upon any piratical expedition or not, and whether any act of piracy shall have been committed or attempted upon or from such vessel or not; and any such vessel may be adjudged and condemned, if captured by a vessel authorized as hereinafter mentioned, to the use of the United States and to that of the captors, and if seized by a collector, surveyor, or marshal, then to the use of the United States.

SEC. 4298. The President is authorized to instruct the commanders of What vessels the public armed vessels of the United States, and to authorize the may be author commanders of any other armed vessels sailing under the authority of ized to seize pi. any letters of marque and reprisal granted by Congress, or the com

rates.

Duties of officers

marshals.

manders of any other suitable vessels, to subdue, seize, take, and, if on the high seas, to send into any port of the United States, any vessel or boat built, purchased, fitted out, or held as mentioned in the preceding section.

SEC. 4299. The collectors of the several ports of entry, the surveyors of customs and of the several ports of delivery, and the marshals of the several judicial districts within the United States, shall seize any vessel or boat built, purchased, fitted out, or held as mentioned in section forty-two hundred and ninety-seven, which may be found within their respective ports or districts, and to cause the same to be proceeded against and disposed of as provided by that section.

Title 70, Chap. 1.

SEC. 5323. Every person who knowingly aids, abets, causes, procures, commands, or counsels another to commit any murder, robbery, or other piracy upon the seas, is an accessory before the fact to such piracies, and every such person being thereof convicted shall suffer death.

Accessory be fore the fact to piracy, &c. Accessory after SEC. 5324. Every person who receives or takes into custody any vesthe fact to rob- sel, goods, or other property feloniously taken by any robber or pirate bery or piracy. against the laws of the United States, knowing the same to have been feloniously taken, and every person who, knowing that such pirate or robber has done or committed any such piracy or robbery, on the land or at sea, receives, entertains, or conceals any such pirate or robber, is an accessory after the fact to such robbery or piracy. [See § 5533.]

tions.

Title 70, Chap. 3. SEC. 5368. Every person who, on the high seas, commits the crime of Piracy under piracy as defined by the law of nations, and is afterward brought into the law of na- or found in the United States, shall suffer death. [See §§ 5323–5333.] SEC. 5369. Every seaman who lays violent hands upon his commander, violent hands on thereby to hinder and prevent his fighting in defense of his vessel or the goods intrusted to him, is a pirate, and shall suffer death.

Seaman laying

his commander.

Robbery upon the high seas.

Robbery on

Murder, &c.,

SEC. 5370. Every person who, upon the high seas, or in any open roadstead, or in any haven, basin, or bay, or in any river where the sea ebbs and flows, commits the crime of robbery, in or upon any vessel, or upon any ship's company of any vessel, or the lading thereof, is a pirate, and shall suffer death.

SEC. 5371. Every person engaged in any piratical cruise or enterprise, shore by crew of or being of the crew of any piratical vessel, who lands from such vessel piratical vessel. and on shore commits robbery, is a pirate, and shall suffer death. SEC. 5372. Every person who commits upon the high seas, or in any upon the high river, harbor, basin, or bay, out of the jurisdiction of any particular State, murder or robbery, or any other offense which, if committed within the body of a county, would be punishable with death by the laws of the United States, is a pirate, and shall suffer death.

seas.

Piracy under SEC. 5373. Every citizen who commits any murder or robbery, or any color of a com-act of hostility against the United States, or against any citizen thereof, mission from a on the high seas, under color of any commission from any foreigu prince, foreign power. or state, or on pretense of authority from any person, is, notwithstanding the pretense of such authority, a pirate, and shall suffer death. SEC. 5374. Every subject or citizen of any foreign state, who is found and taken on the sea making war upon the United States, or cruising against the vessels and property thereof, or of the citizens of the same, contrary to the provisions of any treaty existing between the United States and the state of which offender is a citizen or subject, when by such treaty such acts are declared to be piracy, is guilty of piracy, and shall suffer death.

Piracy by subjects or citizens of a foreign state.

Piracy in con- SEC. 5375. Every person who, being of the crew or ship's company of fining or detaining negroes on any foreign vessel engaged in the slave-trade, or being of the crew or board vessels. ship's company of any vessel owned wholly or in part, or navigated for or in behalf of any citizen, forcibly confines or detains on board such vessel any negro or mulatto, with intent to make such negro or mulatto a slave, or, on board such vessel, offers or attempts to sell, as a slave, any negro or mulatto, or on the high seas, or anywhere on tide-water, transfers or delivers to any other vessel any negro or mulatto with intent to make such negro or mulatto a slave, or lands or delivers on shore from on board such vessel any negro or mulatto with intent to make sale of, or having previously sold such negro or mulatto as a slave, is a pirate, and shall suffer death. [See §§ 5525, 5551-5560, SLAVETRADE.]

negroes on

any

SEC. 5376. Every person who, being of the crew or ship's company of Piracy in land. any foreign vessel engaged in the slave-trade, or being of the crew or ing, seizing, &c., ship's company of any vessel, owned in whole or in part, or navigated foreign shore. for, or in behalf of, any citizen, lands from such vessel, and, on any foreign shore, seizes any negro or mulatto with intent to make such negro or mulatto a slave, or decoys, or forcibly brings, or carries, or receives such negro or mulatto on board such vessel, with like intent, is a pirate, and shall suffer death.

go.

SEC. 5383. Every captain, other officer, or mariner, of a vessel on the Running away high seas, or on any other waters within the admiralty and maritime with or yielding up vessel or carjurisdiction of the United States, who piratically or feloniously runs away with such vessel, or with any goods or merchandise thereof, to the value of fifty dollars, or who yields up such vessel voluntarily to any pirate, shall be fined not more than ten thousand dollars, or imprisoned at hard labor not more than ten years, or both.

Confederating,

SEC. 5384. If any person attempts or endeavors to corrupt any commander, master, officer, or mariner to yield up or to run away with any &c., with pirates. vessel, or with any goods, wares, or merchandise, or to turn pirate, or to go over to or confederate with pirates, or in any wise to trade with any pirate, knowing him to be such, or furnishes such pirate with any ammunition, stores, or provisions of any kind, or fits out any vessel knowingly and with a design to trade with, supply, or correspond with any pirate or robber upon the seas; or if any person consults, combines, confederates, or corresponds with any pirate or robber upon the seas, knowing him to be guilty of any piracy or robbery; or if any seaman confines the master of any vessel, he shall be imprisoned not more than three years, and fined not more than one thousand dollars.

SEC. 5533. Every accessory after the fact to murder, robbery, or piracy, shall be imprisoned not more than three years, and fined not more than five hundred dollars. [See § 5324.]

Title 70, Chap. 8.

Accessory after the fact to murder, robbery, or piracy.

3900. Postage to be paid before delivery.
3901. Box-rents to be prepaid.

3902. Unpaid soldiers' and sailors' letters.
3903. Postage on letters and letter-matter.
3904. Drop-letter postage.

3905. Postage on regular printed matter.
3906. Certain postage to be paid quarterly.
3910. Postage on transient, &c., matter.
3911. Clothing to soldiers by mail.
3912. Postage on foreign mail-matter.
3913. Postage on irregular sea-letters.
3976. Vessels carrying mails.

Mailable matter of the third class.

Postage on newspapers and periodicals.

Postage on public documents.

Privileges of ex-members and ex-delegates.
Congressional Record.

3897. Third-class matter.

3898. Disposal of partly paid and unpaid letters.

Seeds and Agricultural Reports.

Rate of postage

SEC. 3872. The rate of postage on newspapers, excepting weeklies, Title 46, Chap. 2. periodicals not exceeding two ounces in weight, and circulars, when the same are deposited in a letter-carrier office for delivery by the office or on newspapers. its carriers, shall be uniform at one cent each; but periodicals weighing more than two ounces shall be subject to a postage of two cents each, and these rates shall be prepaid by stamps.

SEC. 3873. No extra postage or carriers' fees shall be charged or collected upon any mail-matter collected or delivered by carriers.

SEC. 3875. Mailable matter shall be divided into three classes:
First. Letters.

Second. Regular printed matter.

Third. Miscellaneous matter.

SEC. 3876. Mailable matter of the first class shall embrace all correspondence, wholly or partly in writing, except book-manuscripts and corrected proof-sheets passing between authors and publishers.

Extra postage or carriers' fees prohibited.

Title 46, Chap. 3.

Division of mail-matter.

First-class mat

ter.

Second-class

matter.

Third-class

matter.

Limit of weight

of mail-package.

Wrapping and securing matter.

SEC. 3877. Mailable matter of the second class shall embrace all matter exclusively in print, and regularly issued at stated periods from a known office of publication, without addition by writing, mark, or sign. SEC. 3878. Mailable matter of the third class shall embrace all pamphlets, occasional publications, transient newspapers, magazines, handbills, posters, unsealed circulars, prospectuses, books, book-manuscripts, proof-sheets, corrected proof-sheets, maps, prints, engravings, blanks, flexible patterns, samples of merchandise not exceeding twelve ounces in weight, sample cards, phonographic paper, letter envelopes, postal envelopes and wrappers, cards, plain and ornamental paper, photographic representations of different types, seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, scions, and all other matter which may be declared mailable by law, and all other articles not above the weight prescribed by law, which are not, from their form or nature, liable to destroy, deface, or otherwise injure the contents of the mail-bag or the person of any one engaged in the postal service. All liquids, poisons, glass, explosive materials, and obscene books shall be excluded from the mails. All matter of the third class, excepting books and other printed matter, book-manuscripts, proof-sheets, and corrected proof-sheets, packages of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, and scions, shall not exceed twelve ounces in weight, and packages of seeds, cuttings, bulbs, roots, and scions, shall not exceed four pounds in weight; and all matter of the third class shall be subject to examination and to rates of postage as hereinafter provided. Samples of metals, ores, and mineralogical specimens shall not exceed twelve ounces in weight, and shall be subject to examination and to rates of postage as bereinafter provided. [See March 3, 1875.*]

SEC. 3879. No package weighing more than four pounds shall be received for conveyance by mail, except books published or circulated by order of Congress.

SEC. 3881. The Postmaster-General may prescribe by regulation the manner of wrapping and securing for the mails all matter not charged with letter-postage, so that it may be conveniently examined by postmasters; and if not so wrapped and secured, it shall be subject to letterpostage.

SEC. 3882. Postmasters at the office of delivery may remove the wrappers and envelopes from mail-matter not charged with letter-postage, when it can be done without destroying them, for the purpose of ascertaining whether there is upon or connected with any such matter anything which would authorize or require the charge of a higher rate of postage thereon.

Newspapers to SEC. 3883. No newspapers shall be received to be conveyed by mail be dried and in unless they are sufficiently dried and inclosed in proper wrappers. wrappers. Inclosing letSEC. 3887. Any person who shall inclose or conceal any letter, memoters in printed randum, or other thing in any mail-matter not charged with letter-postmatter, penalty. age, or make any writing or memorandum thereon, and deposit or cause the same to be deposited for conveyance by mail at a less rate than letter postage, shall, for every such offense, be liable to a penalty of five dollars; and such mail-matter or inclosure shall not be delivered until the postage is paid thereon at letter-rates. But no extra postage shall be charged for a card printed or impressed upon an envelope or wrapper. SEC. 3890. Any postmaster who shall unlawfully detain in his office any letter or other mail-matter, the posting of which is not prohibited by law, with intent to prevent the arrival and delivery of the same to the person to whom it is addressed, shall be punishable by a fine of not more than five hundred dollars, and by imprisonment for not more than six months, and he shall be forever thereafter incapable of holding the office of postmaster.

Detaining letters; penalty.

Detaining, SEC. 3891. Any person employed in any department of the postal opening, or de service, who shall unlawfully detain, delay, or open any letter, packet, stroying letters; bag, or mail of letters intrusted to him, or which has come into his penalty. possession, and which was intended to be conveyed by mail, or carried or delivered by any mail-carrier, mail-messenger, route-agent, lettercarrier, or other person employed in any department of the postal service, or forwarded through or delivered from any post-office or branch postoffice established by authority of the Postmaster-General; or who shall secrete, embezzle, or destroy any such letter, packet, bag, or mail of

*All mailable matter of the third class may weigh not exceeding four pounds for each package thereof, and postage shall be charged thereon at the rate of one cent for each two ounces or fraction thereof; but nothing herein contained shall be held to change or amend section one hundred and thirty-four of said act.