to the universal sympathy of humanity. Her coming assures us of a refined and profound artistic enjoyment. The "whole audience" may not "rise in a body, so deeply moved that the play for some moments can not proceed;" their "overwrought feelings" may not find "an outlet in loud shouts, clap ping of hands, wavings of handkerchiefs, and such tumults of applause as are very, very rarely witnessed in any theatre;" but they will certainly feel to their hearts that exquisite charm of true womanhood which is described as the crowning grace of Ristori. Monthly Record of Current Events. UNITED STATES. form of a measure of the Administration, led to a UR Record closes on the 2d of August. It em- partial re-construction of the Cabinet. Mr. Seward, Congress; (July warmly several changes in the Cabinet; the successful lay-ing of this Convention. "I regard," he said, "a resing of the Atlantic Telegraph Cable; the change in the British Ministry; and the progress and probable termination of the war in Europe. So many important events have seldom occurred in the course of a single month. THE PHILADELPHIA CONVENTION. On the 15th of June the "National Union Club" of Washington issued a call for a "Union National Convention," to be convened at Philadelphia on the 14th of August. Among the Executive Committee of the Club are Senators Browning, now Secretary of the Interior, Doolittle, and Cowan. This call is sanctioned by prominent men throughout the country who favor the general policy of the President, and oppose that of the majority in both Houses of Congress. It prescribes that the Convention shall consist of at least two delegates from each Congressional district of all the States, four from each State at large, two from each Territory, two from the District of Columbia, to be chosen by electors of the several States "who sustain the Administration in maintaining unbroken the union of the States under the Constitution, and who agree in the following propositions," which we present in a greatly abridged form: 1. The Union is indissoluble, and the Constitution, and the laws passed in accordance with it, are supreme. 2. The rights and equality of the States, including the right of representation in Congress, are guaranteed by the Constitution. toration of the unity of the country its immediate, as well as its most vital interest. That restoration will be complete when loyal men are admitted as Representatives of the loyal men of the eleven States so long unrepresented in Congress.....Congress possesses that power exclusively; Congress, after a session of seven months, still omits to exercise that power. What can be done to induce Congress to act?" A Convention of the people he thinks every way proper, which should urge this action upon Congress. "No one party," continues Mr. Seward, "could do this effectually, or even seems willing to do it alone. No local or popular organization could do it effectually. It is the interest of all parties alike, of all the States, and of all sections—a national interest, the interest of the whole people. The Convention indeed may not succeed in inducing Congress to act; but if they fail the attempt can make matters no worse. It will be a lawful and patriotic attempt in the right direction." The Secretaries of War and of the Navy do not appear to have expressed themselves publicly on this question, but their silence is considered to be an approval of the calling of this Convention. The Attorney-General, Mr. Speed, wrote disapproving of the Convention, and refusing to recognize in those who had called it the representatives has been succeeded by Mr. Stansberry. Mr. Denof the Union party. He resigned his position, and nison, Postmaster-General, also resigned, upon the 3. There is nowhere any right to dissolve the Union, same general grounds, and Mr. Randall was apeither by withdrawal of States, by force of arms, by Con-pointed in his place. Mr. Harlan, Secretary of the gressional action, by secession, by exclusion of Representa- Interior, resigned, and Senator Browning was aptives, or by the National Government in any form. pointed to succeed him. 4. Slavery is abolished, and can not be restored in any State or Territory. 5. Each State has the right to prescribe the qualifications of its own electors. 6. Each State has the right to order its own domestic concerns, subject only to the Constitution. "The overthrow of that system, by usurpation and centralization of power in Congress, would be a revolution dangerous to a Republican Government and destructive of liberty;" and while each House is judge of the qualifications of its own members, yet "the exclusion of loyal Senators and Representatives, properly chosen and qualified under the Constitution and laws, is unjust and revolutionary." 7. The purpose of the war was to preserve the Union and the Constitution; this having been achieved, the rebellion having been suppressed, and all resistance to the authority of the Government having ceased, war measures should also cease; and as indispensably necessary to the National credit there should be an early restoration of all the States to the exercise of all their Constitutional powers in the National Government." 8. All electors who agree in the foregoing propositions are invited to vote for delegates to this Convention; "but no delegate will take a seat in such Convention who does not loyally accept the National situation, and cordially indorse the principles above set forth, and who is not attached in true allegiance to the Constitution, the Union, and the Government of the United States." The call for this Convention, taking as it did the RESTORATION OF TENNESSEE. On the 23d of July a joint resolution, originating in the House of Representatives, was adopted by the Senate, restoring Tennessee to her place in the Union. The preamble to the resolution recites, that in 1861 the Government of that State was seized upon by persons hostile to the United States; that the State could be restored to the Union only by the consent of the law-making power of the United States, the people of the State having been declared to be in insurrection against the United States; that the people did in February, 1865, ratify a Constitution abolishing slavery, and nullifying all laws passed during secession; and a State Government has been organized under this Constitution, which has "ratified the amendment to the Constitution of the United States abolishing slavery, and also the amendment proposed by the 39th Congress, and has done other acts proclaiming and denoting loyalty." It is therefore resolved by Congress, "That the State of Tennessee is hereby re stored to her former practical relations to the Union, | both measures into the Appropriation Bill. In this and is again entitled to be represented by Senators and Representatives in Congress." The President, while signing this joint resolution, takes occasion to object to many of the points embraced in the preamble, which, he says, "consists of statements some of which are assumed, while the resolution is merely a matter of opinion, and comprises no legislation, and confers no power which is binding upon the respective Houses, the Executive, or the States." After criticising the details of the resolution, the President says: "Earnestly desiring to relieve every cause of further delay, whether real or imaginary, on the part of Congress, to the admission to seats of loyal Senators and Representatives from the State of Tennessee, I have, notwithstanding the anomalous character of this proceeding, affixed my signature to this resolution. My approval is not, however, to be construed as an acknowledgment of the right of Congress to pass laws preliminary to the admission of duly qualified representatives from any of the States. Neither is it to be considered as committing me to all the statements made in the preamble, some of which are, in my opinion, without foundation in fact." The President concludes by "earnestly repeating his recommendation for the admission of Tennessee and all other States to a fair and equal participation in the National Legislature, when they present themselves in the persons of loyal Senators and Representatives, who can comply with all the requirements of the Constitution and the laws."-The members elect from Tennessee were admitted to their seats without question, except in the case of Mr. Patterson, chosen Senator, who it was urged could not take the oath because he had held a judicial office under the Confederate Government. His case was referred to a Committee, which reported in his favor. He accordingly took the oath as prescribed by law, and was admitted to his seat at the very close of the session. THE FREEDMEN'S BUREAU AGAIN. A Bill to continue in force, and to amend the Freedmen's Bureau Bill, was passed by Congress. The President, on the 5th of July, returned the bill to the House, with his veto. The reasons assigned for withholding his signature are essentially the same as those before given for vetoing the new Freedmen's Bill, as noted in a former Record. In the House the bill was repassed by a vote of 103 to 33, notwithstanding the veto of the President. We do not find that the bill was again taken up in the Senate; so that this Bureau stands as before, its powers to exist for a year after the announced close of the war; that is until February, 1867. NEBRASKA. At the very close of the session a bill admitting Nebraska as a State of the Union was passed. But the President did not either sign or veto it; so that the question lies over until the next session of Con gress. CLOSING SCENES OF CONGRESS. shape, having gone through the Senate, it was passed in the House by a meagre majority, several members declaring that they voted in favor of increasing their own salaries solely in order to secure the bounty to soldiers. By this Bill the salaries of Members of Congress are raised from $3000 to $5000, the Speaker of the House to have $8000; and soldiers who enlisted for three years, and either served the whole time or were discharged on account of disability, are to receive a bounty of $100; two-years soldiers to have $50. After passing unanimous votes of thanks to the presiding officers of both Houses, Congress finally adjourned to meet at the time appointed by law in December. We have given, in the successive numbers of this Record, a somewhat detailed view of the action taken by Congress upon the leading questions which have come before it. Omitting notice of Acts of private or local interest, the following is a brief abstract of the actual action of Congress during the late session : The Civil Rights Bill: Passed by both Houses, vetoed by the President, and enacted by the requisite majority of more than two-thirds. Pension Bill: Grants pensions of $25 per month to soldiers or sailors who have been wholly disabled while in the performance of duty, and $15 a month to those who have, in a manner specified, been partially disabled. The bill guards against abuses and extortion on the part of lawyers and others engaged in prosecuting such claims. Homestead Law: Provides that the public lands in the States of Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Florida, shall be disposed of according to laws previously existing, without regard to race or color of persons applying for them. The Act confines the benefits derived from it to those who are heads of families, or have served in the army or navy, and excludes mineral lands from occupation. Pacific Railway: This amends previous Acts, grants aid to a Company to construct a railroad and telegraph across the continent, forming, in conjunc tion with others, a continuous line. Internal Revenue: This Act is too long to be reproduced, even in abstract. It defines the whole subject of Internal Taxation. Freedmen's Bureau: The principal features of this bill have been given in this Record. Vetoed by the President. Another Act extending the operation of the present Bureau passed, and also vetoed. Bounties to Soldiers and pay to Congressmen: Raises the salary of members of Congress from $3000 to $5000, and grants bounties to three-years soldiers, of $100; to two-years soldiers, of $50. Army Bill: Fixes the regular army at 5 regi ments of artillery, 10 of cavalry, and 45 of infantry; 2 regiments of cavalry and 4 of infantry to be of colored men. The officers to be 1 general, 1 lieutenant-general, 5 major-generals, 10 brigadier-generals, besides those of lower grades. No one who has served in the Confederate army to be eligible as an officer.-Grant is appointed General; Sherman, Lieutenant-General. Congress adjourned, nominally, on the 28th of July, though the session was really prolonged until after daylight on the 29th. The most notable feat- U. S. Senators: Each Legislative House in each ure of the last day was the action on the questions State is, on the second Tuesday after its meeting, to of increasing the pay of Members of Congress, and name a person to be Senator. The Houses are to of granting bounties to soldiers. The House had meet in joint assembly on the next day: if the same rejected the former, the Senate the latter. Final-person is named by both Houses, he is to be declared ly, a Committee of Conference agreed to introduce elected: if not, the joint assembly shall proceed to choose. If no choice is made on that day, the joint assembly shall be convened and take at least one vote a day during the session, or until a choice is made. Mineral Lands: Under the title of "Ditches and Canals," it is declared that all mineral lands are open to exploration by citizens of the United States, and that patents may be issued in favor of any claimant or association of claimants who have actually expended not less than $1000. A special section, whence the title of the bill, protects the right of way for the construction of ditches and canals. When homesteads have been located upon mineral lands where no valuable mines have been discovered, and which are purely agricultural, the occupants shall have a right of pre-emption. bers had ceased. The colored population appear to have sympathized with the Convention, while the whites were adverse to it. As appears the actingGovernor favored the meeting, and undertook to protect the members. When it assembled a mingled crowd of both colors gathered in and around the building, and by the middle of the afternoon the whole neighborhood was in an uproar. Collisions took place, the police endeavored to make arrests; the Mayor warned all peaceable citizens to retire to their homes. Finally General Baird, commanding the troops, proclaimed the city under martial law. The President telegraphed to Mr. Herron, AttorneyGeneral of the State, to call upon the military commander for sufficient force to sustain the civil authorities in suppressing "all illegal or unlawful assemblies who usurp or assume to exercise any power or authority without having first obtained the consent of the people of the State. If there is to be a Convention," says the President, "let it be composed of delegates chosen from the people of the whole State. The people must be first consulted in changing the organized laws of the State. Usurpation will not be tolerated." From this it would appear that, in the view of the President, the Con The most important Public Resolutions passed provide as follows: No. 1 Authorizes the President to expend the balance of fund for the suppression of the slave-trade for the relief of destitute Indians.-No. 6 Directs the distribution of the writings of James Madison.-No. 8 Thanks Admiral Farragut and his officers and men for their conduct at Mobile Bay, August 5, 1864.-No. 11 Reimburses Miss Clara Barton for expenses incurred in discovering graves of soldiers.-No. 12 Gives the assent of Congress to the transfer of the counties of Berke-vention was an unauthorized and illegal body. The ley and Jefferson to the State of West Virginia.No. 21 Provides that the Secretary of War shall preserve from desecration the graves of soldiers.No. 22 Protests against pardons by foreign govern. ments of persons convicted of infamous offenses on condition of emigration to the United States. number of lives lost in this riot is set down at about thirty of the colored people and three or four whites; but other statements, apparently not reliable, fully treble these numbers. The whole affray lasted only a few hours. Mayor Monroe, the same person who held that office at the time of the arrival of Farragut and Butler in 1862, wrote to General Baird objecting to the declaration of martial law. The aid of the military, he says, "would have been gladly re The Amendment to the Constitution, proposed by the requisite majority in Congress, to be submitted to the action of the State Legislatures, has been noted, in its essential features, in the preceding num-ceived to suppress violence when such intervention bers of this Record. Other Resolutions, which by the signature of the President have become laws, revive the grade of "General" in the army-that dignity being conferred upon Grant, while Sherman is raised to the rank of "Lieutenant-General;" and create the grades of "Admiral" and "Vice-Admiral" in the navy, the former grade being allotted to Farragut, the latter to D. D. Porter. was asked. But I am at a loss to understand by what authority it is made to assume the virtual suppression of the civil authority. We have always been taught to believe that it was the principal duty of military officers in this country to sustain and enforce the civil law." He suggests that if the General wished to prevent the recurrence of riots, he had committed a mistake in having, as "the first act of his administration of military law, released all the rioters and their accessaries, who had been until civil authority was restored. A Military Commission, General Mower, President, has been appointed to investigate this riot. On the 4th of July a fire in Portland, Maine, de-arrested by the police." He refused to act as Mayor stroyed fully a third part of the city, including almost the entire business portion and a great part of the churches and public buildings. Fully a quarter of the population were rendered homeless. The entire loss is roughly estimated at $10,000,000, endured by a population of about 40,000. The cholera has been gradually but surely advancing in various quarters, especially in New York and the adjacent city of Brooklyn. It has not as yet assumed the form of a decided epidemic, being confined mainly to ill-drained, ill-ventilated, and filthy quarters of the cities, and to some of the public institutions. In New York, for the week ending on the 28th of July, the total number of deaths was 771, about the usual average at this season. Of these 48 were reported as from cholera, but there were 176 from cholera infantum, and 139 more from cholera morbus and other diarrheal diseases; many of these should probably be set down to cholera. On the 30th of July a riot broke out in the city of New Orleans. It grew out of the proposed reassemblage there of a Convention which was in 1864 convened to draft a new Constitution for the State. It was claimed on one side that this Convention having adjourned, the official functions of its mem LAYING OF THE ATLANTIC TELEGRAPH. The Atlantic telegraphic cable has been safely laid, and the line has been for a week in successful operation. The work was fairly begun on the 6th of July, when the shore-end was landed at Valentia, in Ireland. On the 13th the deep-sea line was spliced to the shore-end, and the Great Eastern with the cable on board, accompanied by three consorts, set out on the voyage. Nothing further was heard of the expedition until Sunday morning, July 29, when a dispatch from Cyrus W. Field reached New York, announcing that on the preceding day the vessels had reached Heart's Content, the American terminus, having laid the cable across the ocean; that it was in perfect order, and that they were in telegraphic communication with Ireland. Not a single misadventure had occurred. The whole distance sailed by the fleet was 1686 nautical miles, the length of cable payed out was 1866 miles, showing a "slack" of only about 12 per cent. The rate of sailing was singularly uniform, the least distance GREAT BRITAIN. The Ministry having been beaten in Parliament upon an important provision of the Reform Bill, resigned on the 19th of June. The majority was indeed small, 315 to 304. The Queen was unwill ing to accept the resignation, wishing the Ministry to accept the defeat, and for a time to abandon the project of carrying the Bill; but as they persisted, Lord Derby was charged with the formation of a new Ministry. It took two weeks to accomplish this. The principal members of the new Ministry are: Lord Derby, Prime Minister; Mr. Disraeli, Chancellor of the Exchequer; Lord Stanley, Foreign Secretary; Mr. Walpole, Home Secretary; Lord Carnarvon, Colonial Secretary; Lord Cran made in a single day being 105 miles, the greatest 128; the average being 120. The first message sent through the line was this, "A treaty of peace has been signed between Austria and Prussia." This message was received at Heart's Content on the 29th, and brought news eleven days later than had been received by steamer. On the 27th Queen Victoria, then at Osborne, in the Isle of Wight, sent the following dispatch to the President of the United States: "The Queen congratulates the President on the successful completion of an undertaking which she hopes may serve as an additional bond of Union between the United States and England." This dispatch appears to have left Valentia on the 28th; at 9 o'clock on the morning of the 30th it had been conveyed by steamer to Aspy Bay in New-borne, Secretary for India; General Peel, Secretary foundland, at present the nearest point of telegraphic communication with the United States; and by half past 11 the President returned the following reply: "The President of the United States acknowledges with profound gratification the receipt of Her Majesty's dispatch, and cordially reciprocates the hope that the cable which now unites the Eastern and Western hemispheres may serve to strengthen and perpetuate peace and amity between the Government of Great Britain and the Republic of the United States." It is announced that the Great Eastern will immediately proceed to the spot where the cable was lost last year, and endeavor to recover and relay it. If this attempt is successful there will soon be a double line across the Atlantic. The submarine line to connect Heart's Content with the main land has yet to be laid; and there is a space of eighty miles over which dispatches are carried by steamer. Until this telegraphic link is supplied New York is still twenty-four hours distant from Europe. When this line is laid the communication will be almost instantaneous; or, indeed, taking into account the difference of time between the two hemispheres, a message may perhaps be received here some minutes earlier than-measured by the sun and chronometers-it was sent. The telegraph is now opened for business, the rates fixed for the present being about one dollar a letter, payable in gold. of War; Sir John Pakington, First Lord of the Admiralty; the Duke of Buckingham, President of the Council; Lord Malmsbury, Privy Seal; Lord Chelmsford, Lord Chancellor; the Marquis of Abercorn, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; Sir Stafford Northcote. President of the Board of Trade; Mr. Hardy, President of the Poor Law Board. Lord Derby in announcing the general policy of the Government said, that in respect to the war it would "studiously maintain strict and impartial neutrality between all the contending parties, only ready at any time to offer its good offices if there appeared the slightest gleam of hope that, combined with those of other neutral Powers, such as France and Russia, they might lead to a termination of this bloody struggle, and to the restoration of peace.' In reference to the United States, he said that he "earnestly hoped that the restoration of peace and the wise course which the President of the United States appears to be taking, in seeking to reconcile and bring back to the Union the vanquished members who seceded from it, may terminate any feeling of irritation which yet prevails among the citizens of the United States against this country, and that nothing will interrupt the friendly and harmonious relations between the two countries."-In regard to the action of the Government of the United States in the late Fenian invasion of Canada, he said that, notwithstanding the "latitude which is given in the United States to all expressions of public feeling, and to any thing short of actual violation of the law, yet, as soon as the law was plainly about to be violated, The Empress Carlotta of Mexico has left that vigorous and decided measures, as I acknowledge country for Europe, it is said, upon a diplomatic with the utmost gratitude, were taken by the Govmission. Report says that she will represent to ernment of the United States to prevent a violation the Emperor Napoleon that, in case the French of their own laws, and the rights of friendly states, troops are withdrawn, it will be impossible for by a lawless band of marauders." Lord Derby exMaximilian to maintain his authority. It is re- pressed himself in terms of the most decided approported, however, that two French vessels have act-bation of the scheme for a Confederation of the ually received orders to sail for Mexico, in order to bring back the first detachment of the French troops. FOREIGN. SOUTHERN AMERICA. On the River Plata there has been severe fighting, especially on May 24, at a place named Tuguity. According to the Argentine official accounts, the allied forces of that Republic and Brazil gained a decided victory. President Mitre says that the Paraguayans lost 4200 dead, abandoned on the field of battle, the loss of the Allies being 702 killed and 2645 wounded. Newspaper accounts represent the action as in effect a drawn battle, both parties, after suffering severely and about equally, retiring to their intrenchments. In Paraguay it was regarded as a great victory, and a grand celebration was held in honor of it at Asuncion, the capital. British Provinces in America as essential to the well-being, unity, and strength of Canada, "under a system of the freest possible government, at the same time maintaining unbroken their allegiance to the Crown." The Commission for investigating the late riot and massacre in Jamaica, have reported that the severe measures taken by the Governor and military authorities were uncalled-for and unjustifiable, and that Mr. Gordon, the clergyman who was hung, was wholly innocent, and judicially murdered. Government has been strongly urged to institute a prosecution for murder against Governor Eyre, but declined, on the ground that he acted not maliciously, but under a mistaken opinion of the circumstances. The widow of the murdered man has also been urged to bring in a prosecution, but she de clined to do so, choosing rather to leave the murder- the Prussian needle-gun was evinced. The Ausers to the decision of a higher power. The American double-turreted monitor, the Miantonomoh, has crossed the Atlantic, and reached British waters. This, together with the passage of the Monadnock around Cape Horn to California, demonstrates the sea-worthy capacity of this class of vessels. The Miantonomoh has excited great interest in Great Britain, and the most competent authorities declare that the British navy does not possess a single iron-clad which could destroy her by gunnery, while there is not one which she could not destroy. THE WAR IN EUROPE. The war in Europe, if we may rely upon the indications furnished by telegraphic dispatches, has been concluded, occupying a period of just forty days. Never before were military operations of such magnitude conducted in so short a period. On the 18th of June war was formally declared by Italy and Prussia against Austria, and virtually against the German States which sided with Austria. The Prussians advancing rapidly southward occupied Dresden, the capital of Saxony, the Saxon army retreating to Bohemia, to unite with the Austrians. Hanover, Hesse-Cassel, and several other minor states were speedily, and with scarce a show of opposition, overrun by the Prussians. Meanwhile the Italian army moved against the Austrians. On the 23d of June this army, numbering nearly 100,000, crossed the Mincio, in separate divisions, separated by considerable intervals. The Austrian Archduke Albert, taking advantage of this, amused one corps of the Italians by demonstrations, while he threw a force of 60,000 upon another division of the Italians, of hardly half this number. After a severe conflict, which lasted nearly the whole day of the 24th, this Italian corps was defeated, the Austrians concluding their victory by storming the decisive position at Custozza. The remaining corps of the Italians which had not been seriously engaged, were, however, placed in a position so perilous as to induce the King to withdraw across the Mincio; this movement was made without much molestation from the Austrians. No reliable accounts of the losses have been given; but they were severe on both sides. This battle, though not altogether decisive, appeared to give the preponderance in this quarter to the Austrians. trians, unable to endure the close and rapid fire, gave way into full retreat. On the same day, July 28, a battle took place at Trautenau between the Prussian Guards and the Austrians, under General Gablenz; here also the Prussians were victorious. Still another battle took place on that day at Mûnchengratz, fifty miles from Trautenau, between the Prussians, under Prince Frederick Charles, and a force of Austrians and Saxons, estimated at 80,000, strongly posted. The needle-gun again manifested its superiority, and the Austrians were beaten. Next day, July 29, another sanguinary battle occurred at Gitschin, in which the Austrians were again de feated, and forced to fall back toward Josephstadt. These brilliant successes enabled the two Prussian armies of the Crown Prince and Prince Frederick Charles, which had been advancing from dif. ferent directions toward a common centre, to put themselves in communication. The Austrians, having neglected to strike with their full force against the divided army, were now compelled to retreat in order to concentrate. This concentration was effected between the strong fortresses of Josephstadt and Königsgrätz. On the 3d of July the two Prussian armies advanced upon the Austrians from different points, the actual junction being made upon the battle-field, which lay mainly near the little village of Sadowa about midway between the two fortresses, which stand about a dozen miles apart. The forces are said to have numbered about 250,000 on each side, each having more than 700 pieces of artillery. If this estimate is correct, they were the largest armies ever brought in modern times upon a single field. The action commenced at seven o'clock in the morning. The Austrians held their ground firmly for several hours; but about noon the Prussians, as stated by General Benedek, "succeeded in establishing themselves unobserved in Klum. The rain prevented the smoke of the powder from dispersing, and a distinct view of the position was therefore impossible. The enemy were thereby enabled to advance into our position near Klum, whence they suddenly and unexpectedly poured a heavy fire into our flank and rear. The latter wavered and fell back upon the troops adjoining them, and notwithstanding every exertion I could not succeed in arresting the retreat, which at first commenced slowly, but increased in haste as the enemy pressed forward, until at length the whole The Prussians meanwhile were advancing stead- army had withdrawn across the Elbe to Parduily into Bohemia. Benedek, the Austrian General- bitz." The Austrians were badly defeated, but not in-Chief, issued an arrogant address to his army. routed, although their retreat was, upon the whole, They were, he said, face to face with an enemy com- a disorderly one. The losses on both sides were posed partly of youths who had never made a cam-severe, much the greatest on that of the Austrians. paign, and partly those who would rather overturn their own Government than fight the Austrians. The enemy had been so long at peace that he had not a single General who had had the opportunity of developing his faculties on the field of battle. They, he adds, "have long boasted of the rapidity and sureness of their fire, but I think this will not profit them. It is not likely that we shall give them time to fire at us. We shall attack him with our bayonets and the butt-ends of our muskets." The strategy of Benedek is incomprehensible. The Prussians advanced toward Bohemia in two main bodies. The first, under the Crown Prince and General Steinmetz, encountered the Austrians on the 27th, at Nachod, when a sharp but undecisive action took place. Next day Steinmetz, having been reinforced, renewed the attack. The superiority of The estimates vary greatly; but those which appear most probable place those of the Austrians at 40,000, killed, wounded, and prisoners, and more than 100 guns. W. H. Russell, the correspondent of the London Times, was with the Austrian army, and saw the whole fight from a favorable position. From his long and minute account we extract a single passage, describing one of the most important moments of the battle: "It was now near two o'clock. On the left and centre there could be no hesitation in declaring that the Prussians were all but beaten. It seemed as if a charge en masse of the horse deployed for miles on the plateau could roll up their centre on their left, or crumble the left into pieces. The Prussians in the centre made another grand effort. The movements of the Austrians from the right centre to oppose the last effort of the Prussians increased the open interval between the centre and the extreme right retiring on the lower ground near the river, but the |