certain jurisdiction over these institutions. From the records of the most important agencies throughout the State tables have been compiled showing for the year 1906 the wages and occupations of persons sent out at various times, and the number of persons who secured employment at each occupation. Data from six Japanese employment agencies in San Francisco are also given.

STRIKES AND LOCKOUTS.-This chapter of the report relates to statistics of the strikes and lockouts occurring in California for the five years ending December 31, 1905. The figures were furnished from data collected by the United States Bureau of Labor for its Twenty-first Annual Report.

REHABILITATION OF SAN FRANCISCO.-The work of the free employment agency operated for the National Red Cross Society by the State labor bureau from May 2 to May 29, 1906, for the benefit of the people thrown out of employment by the earthquake and fire of April 18, 19, and 20 preceding is recounted under this caption. A comparative table is also presented showing daily wages in selected occupations in San Francisco building trades on June 10 and on August 20, 1906. During this period there was a general increase in wages of from 15 to 20 per cent. In September an investigation of the change in house rents since April was undertaken. Of 157 dwellings considered, the increase in rents in the later month over the earlier averaged 27 per cent. Of cost of living it is stated: "There seems to be little difference in the cost of living in San Francisco, aside from house rent, from that existing a year ago."

WELFARE WORK.-In the principal cities of the State provision is. made in many stores and factories for supplying meals at cost, rest rooms for temporarily indisposed employees, facilities for educational improvement, medical attendance and hospital privileges, sick benefits, etc.; and it is becoming the general custom to allow pay during the summer vacation to clerks and office staff in retail and wholesale stores and in factories. A recent investigation showed from one to two weeks' vacation with pay to 198 employees in Stockton, 986 in Oakland, and 3,134 in San Francisco. In addition, many firms pay wages during sickness.

LABOR LAWS AND COURT DECISIONS. This chapter reproduces the factory and workshop law of 1889 and the laws passed and amended at the 1905 session of the State legislature, together with decisions of the supreme court upholding the validity of the childlabor laws.

INDIANA.

Eleventh Biennial Report of the Bureau of Statistics for 1905 and 1906. Joseph H. Stubbs, Chief of Bureau. 780 pp.

The subjects presented in this report are as follows: List of Indiana factories, 206 pages; list of domestic and foreign bureaus of labor statistics, 3 pages; social statistics, 124 pages; economic statistics, 302 pages; industrial statistics, 65 pages; agricultural statistics, 54 pages.

LIST OF FACTORIES.-A list of the factories in the State in 1905 is presented by counties, giving name of factory, town in which located, and nature of product. Including those of every description, Indiana had in 1905 a total of 8,207 factories.

INDUSTRIAL STATISTICS.-The subjects considered in this division of the report relate to manufactures, labor organizations, banks and trust companies, steam railroads, electric railroads, coal mines, and stone quarries.

MANUFACTURES.-Under this presentation are included only those factories of the State which had in 1905 a product of $500 or upward. The following is a summarized statement of the returns from the factories for the year 1905:

Factories whose output was over $500....

Capital invested......

Salaried officers and clerks..

Amount paid in salaries..

Average number of wage-earners.

Amount paid in wages..

Miscellaneous expenses..

Cost of materials...

Value of products (including custom work and repairing)..

7,912 $312, 071, 234

14, 862 $15, 028, 789

154, 174

$72,058, 099

$46, 682, 513

$220, 507, 007

$393, 954, 405

The largest average number of wage-earners employed during any one month of the year was in the month of September, the number being 164,568-136,446 males 16 years of age or over, 24,099 females 16 years of age or over, and 4,023 children under 16 years of age.

LABOR ORGANIZATIONS.-There were 10 international organizations in 1905 with headquarters in Indiana, 3 of which were not affiliated with the American Federation of Labor. In 1905 there were 1,280 local trade unions in the State, 1,278 of which belonged to the 87 national and international organizations. The reported membership of these local unions was 72,504. Sick benefits were paid by 50 of the 87 national and international organizations. The average weekly sum for sick benefits locally was $4.43, and the total paid out during the year was $32,780. Death benefits were paid by 71 of the organizations. The average death benefit locally was $204.84, and the total paid out during the year was $185,186.94. Strike benefits

were paid by 72 of the organizations. The average weekly sum for strike benefits locally was $5.99, and the total paid out during the year was $11,234.85. Traveling benefits were paid by 22 of the organizations, and the total paid out during the year locally was $8,335.95. Out-of-work benefits were paid by 17 of the organizations, and the total paid out during the year locally was $2,057.82. In the different trades the average daily wages of journeymen were $2.75 and of apprentices $1.67. The average length of apprenticeship was 3 years and the ratio of apprentices to journeymen 1 to 8. STEAM RAILROADS.-The operations of the steam railroads in Indiana for the two years ending June 30, 1906, are reported under this head, and show earnings and expenses, passenger and freight traffic, employees and wages paid, and accidents. The following table shows, for 1905 and 1906, number of employees in each occupation and average wages per day and average earnings per year:

AVERAGE WAGES PER DAY AND AVERAGE EARNINGS PER YEAR OF RAILROAD EMPLOYEES, 1905 AND 1906.

The falling off in the number of employees in 1906 as compared with 1905 is accounted for by the fact that only in the later year were some of the larger companies, operating also in other States, able to separate the returns in regard to their roads in Indiana from those of the entire system.

As the result of accidents on steam railroads in the State for the year ending June 30, 1905, 354 persons were killed (8 passengers, 112 employees, and 234 others) and 3,809 injured (221 passengers, 3,289 employees, and 299 others); for the year ending June 30, 1906, there were 358 killed (5 passengers, 115 employees, and 238 others) and 4,316 injured (342 passengers, 3,531 employees, and 443 others).

ELECTRIC RAILROADS.-In 1906 there were 32 electric railroads in operation in Indiana and 4 in process of construction. Statements are presented showing earnings and expenses, passenger and freight

business, number of employees and wages paid, and number of accidents and amount paid in damages. Including officers and clerks, the roads employed 3,337 persons in 1905 and 4,095 in 1906, to whom were paid in salaries and wages $2,003,161 in 1905 and $2,524,475 in 1906. In 1906 the average daily wages of motormen were $1.88; of conductors, $1.89, and of linemen, $2.26. As the result of accidents, in 1905 there were 40 persons killed and 4,346 injured, and in 1906 there were 53 killed and 4,852 injured. In 1905 damages were paid to the amount of $96,061 for accidents, and in 1906 to the amount of $166,928.

COAL MINES.-During the year ending December 31, 1905, there were 202 coal mines in operation in the State. These mines were in operation an average of 150 days and produced 10,996,170 tons of coal. There were 18,811 workmen employed and 313 persons in offices at the mines. The wages paid aggregated $9,387,210, of which $6,465,578 was paid to inside workmen. Salaries paid aggregated $501,355.

STONE QUARRIES.-There were 79 stone quarries in Indiana in 1906, which were in operation an average of 222 days each. The quarries gave employment to 3,686 workmen, who quarried 1,761,883 cubic yards of stone and to whom was paid $1,619,836 in wages. To 151 office employees was paid $210,491 in salaries.

NEW JERSEY.

Twenty-eighth Annual Report of the Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries of New Jersey, for the year ending October 31, 1905. W. C. Garrison, Chief. iv, 429 pp.

This report consists of four parts, in which the following subjects are presented: Statistics of manufactures, 121 pages; steam railroads, 12 pages; cost of living, 17 pages; fruit and vegetable canning, 8 pages; health conditions of the pottery industry, 21 pages; wages and production in the glass industry, 12 pages; the eight-hour movement, 23 pages; labor legislation and decisions of courts, 17 pages; industrial chronology, 175 pages.

STATISTICS OF MANUFACTURES.-This presentation of the statistics of manufactures is based on returns for the year 1904, secured from 1,756 industrial establishments, 1,698 representing 88 specified industries and 58 grouped as unclassified. The facts are set out in eleven tables, which show by industries the number of establishments owned by corporations and by partnerships and individuals, amount of capital invested, value of materials and of products, number of wage-earners and wages and earnings, number of salaried employees and amount paid in salaries, days in operation and hours worked per day and per week, and character of power used.

The returns show that of the 1,756 establishments reporting, 1,001 were under the corporate form of ownership and management and 755 were owned and managed by partnerships and private individuals. Capital invested showed an aggregate of $509,758,252, value of materials or stock used of $341,074,722, and value of products or goods made of $578,647,032. The total paid in wages amounted to $98,104,992. There was an average of 208,526 wageearners employed during the year, 147,700 males 16 years of age or over, 53,960 females 16 years of age or over, and 6,866 children under 16 years of age. To 1,841 salaried officers was paid a total of $6,315,139, and to 13,673 salaried employees (superintendents, managers, foremen, clerks, etc.) a total of $15,110,970. Under normal conditions, the average number of hours worked per day for the 1,756 establishments was 9.78, and the average number of hours worked per week 55.58. The average number of days in operation during the year was 287.99.

The table following presents, by age and sex, the total number and the per cent of wage-earners employed in 1904 in all industries (1,756 establishments) at the specified weekly rates of wages:

NUMBER AND PER CENT OF WAGE-EARNERS OF EACH AGE AND SEX IN ALL INDUSTRIES (1,756 ESTABLISHMENTS), BY CLASSIFIED WEEKLY RATES OF WAGES, 1904.