Psychology and Law: A Critical Introduction

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Cambridge University Press, 2003 - 429 páginas
This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date discussion of contemporary debates at the interface between psychology and criminal law. The topics surveyed include critiques of eyewitness testimony; the jury; sentencing as a human process; the psychologist as expert witness; persuasion in the courtroom; detecting deception; and psychology and the police. Kapardis draws on sources from Europe, North America and Australia to offer an expert investigation of the subjectivity and human fallibility inherent in our system of justice. He also provides suggestions for minimizing undesirable influences on crucial judicial decision-making. First Edition Hb (1997): 0-521-55321-0 First Edition Pb (1997): 0-521-55738-0

Dentro del libro

Contenido

why it has taken so long
5
2 Remaining difficulties
12
3 Grounds for optimism
14
4 Psychology and law in Australia
17
5 Conclusions
19
Eyewitnesses key issues and event characteristics
21
Introduction
22
2 Characteristics of human attention perception and memory
25
Introduction
185
1 Five rules for admitting expert evidence
187
2 United States
189
3 England and Wales
193
4 Australia New Zealand and Canada
199
5 The impact of expert testimony by psychologists
202
6 Appearing as expert witness
204
7 Conclusions
205

methodological considerations
28
4 Variables in the study of eyewitness memory
33
5 Variables that impact on eyewitness testimony accuracy
36
6 Conclusions
47
Revision questions
48
Eyewitnesses the perpetrator and interviewing
49
1 Witness characteristic
50
2 Perpetrator variables
71
3 Interrogational variables
73
4 Misinformation due to source monitoring error
79
6 Interviewing eyewitnesses effectively
85
7 Conclusions
91
Revision questions
94
Children as witnesses
95
Introduction
96
2 Evaluations of the live linkclosedcircuit television
100
3 Child witnesses and popular beliefs about them
103
5 Deception in children
106
7 Enhancing childrens testimony
117
8 Interviewing children in sexual abuse cases
119
9 Anatomical dolls and interviewing children
121
10 Conclusions
123
Revision questions
125
The jury
126
Introduction
127
a critical appraisal
128
3 Methods for studying juriesjurors
134
4 What do we know about juries?
140
5 Defendant characteristics
156
7 Interaction of defendant and victim characteristics
157
10 Reforming the jury to remedy some of its problems
158
11 Alternatives to trial by jury
159
12 Conclusions
160
Revision questions
162
6 Sentencing as a human process
163
1 Disparities in sentencing
165
2 Studying variations in sentencing
167
3 Some extraLegal factors that influence sentences
169
4 Models of judicial decisionmaking
181
5 Conclusions
182
Revision questions
183
The psychologists as expert witnesses
184
Revision questions
207
8 Persuasion in the courtroom
208
1 Defining advocacy
211
lawyers writing about lawyers
212
some practical advice by lawyers
214
empirical psychologists contribution
219
5 Conclusions
223
Revision questions
224
9 Detecting deception
225
1 Paperandpencil tests
228
2 The social psychological approach
230
3 Physiological and neurological correlates of deception
241
4 Brainwaves as indicators of deceitful communication
250
6 Statement realityvalidity analysis SVA
251
7 Reality monitoring
255
8 Scientific content analysis
256
9 Conclusions
257
Revision questions
258
Witness recognition procedures
259
Introduction
260
1 Person identification from photographs
265
2 Showupswitness confrontations
270
3 Group identification
274
4 Lineups
275
5 Voice identification
290
6 Conclusions
298
Revision questions
299
Psychology and the police
300
1 Selection
302
2 Predicting success within the force
305
3 Encounters with the public
306
4 Stress
309
5 Questioning suspects
312
6 False confessions
322
7 Conclusions
328
Conclusions
329
Notes
331
References
343
Author index
408
Subject index
420
Derechos de autor

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Términos y frases comunes

Pasajes populares

Página 351 - Social attitudes and personality differences among members of two kinds of police departments (innovative vs. traditional) and students.
Página 348 - In HD Ellis, MA Jeeves, F. Newcombe and A. Young (eds), Aspects of Face Processing. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff. De Renzi, E. and Nichelli, P. (1975). 'Verbal and non-verbal short-term memory impairment following hemispheric damage'.
Página 349 - Brown, I. and Hullin, R. (1992), 'A study of sentencing in the Leeds magistrates courts. The treatment of ethnic minority and white offenders', British Journal of Criminology 32: 41-53.

Acerca del autor (2003)

Andreas Kapardis is Professor of Legal Philosophy, Social and Political Sciences Department, University of Cyprus

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