Psychology and Law: A Critical IntroductionCambridge University Press, 2003 - 429 páginas This book provides a comprehensive, up-to-date discussion of contemporary debates at the interface between psychology and criminal law. The topics surveyed include critiques of eyewitness testimony; the jury; sentencing as a human process; the psychologist as expert witness; persuasion in the courtroom; detecting deception; and psychology and the police. Kapardis draws on sources from Europe, North America and Australia to offer an expert investigation of the subjectivity and human fallibility inherent in our system of justice. He also provides suggestions for minimizing undesirable influences on crucial judicial decision-making. First Edition Hb (1997): 0-521-55321-0 First Edition Pb (1997): 0-521-55738-0 |
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Contenido
why it has taken so long | 5 |
2 Remaining difficulties | 12 |
3 Grounds for optimism | 14 |
4 Psychology and law in Australia | 17 |
5 Conclusions | 19 |
Eyewitnesses key issues and event characteristics | 21 |
Introduction | 22 |
2 Characteristics of human attention perception and memory | 25 |
Introduction | 185 |
1 Five rules for admitting expert evidence | 187 |
2 United States | 189 |
3 England and Wales | 193 |
4 Australia New Zealand and Canada | 199 |
5 The impact of expert testimony by psychologists | 202 |
6 Appearing as expert witness | 204 |
7 Conclusions | 205 |
methodological considerations | 28 |
4 Variables in the study of eyewitness memory | 33 |
5 Variables that impact on eyewitness testimony accuracy | 36 |
6 Conclusions | 47 |
Revision questions | 48 |
Eyewitnesses the perpetrator and interviewing | 49 |
1 Witness characteristic | 50 |
2 Perpetrator variables | 71 |
3 Interrogational variables | 73 |
4 Misinformation due to source monitoring error | 79 |
6 Interviewing eyewitnesses effectively | 85 |
7 Conclusions | 91 |
Revision questions | 94 |
Children as witnesses | 95 |
Introduction | 96 |
2 Evaluations of the live linkclosedcircuit television | 100 |
3 Child witnesses and popular beliefs about them | 103 |
5 Deception in children | 106 |
7 Enhancing childrens testimony | 117 |
8 Interviewing children in sexual abuse cases | 119 |
9 Anatomical dolls and interviewing children | 121 |
10 Conclusions | 123 |
Revision questions | 125 |
The jury | 126 |
Introduction | 127 |
a critical appraisal | 128 |
3 Methods for studying juriesjurors | 134 |
4 What do we know about juries? | 140 |
5 Defendant characteristics | 156 |
7 Interaction of defendant and victim characteristics | 157 |
10 Reforming the jury to remedy some of its problems | 158 |
11 Alternatives to trial by jury | 159 |
12 Conclusions | 160 |
Revision questions | 162 |
6 Sentencing as a human process | 163 |
1 Disparities in sentencing | 165 |
2 Studying variations in sentencing | 167 |
3 Some extraLegal factors that influence sentences | 169 |
4 Models of judicial decisionmaking | 181 |
5 Conclusions | 182 |
Revision questions | 183 |
The psychologists as expert witnesses | 184 |
Revision questions | 207 |
8 Persuasion in the courtroom | 208 |
1 Defining advocacy | 211 |
lawyers writing about lawyers | 212 |
some practical advice by lawyers | 214 |
empirical psychologists contribution | 219 |
5 Conclusions | 223 |
Revision questions | 224 |
9 Detecting deception | 225 |
1 Paperandpencil tests | 228 |
2 The social psychological approach | 230 |
3 Physiological and neurological correlates of deception | 241 |
4 Brainwaves as indicators of deceitful communication | 250 |
6 Statement realityvalidity analysis SVA | 251 |
7 Reality monitoring | 255 |
8 Scientific content analysis | 256 |
9 Conclusions | 257 |
Revision questions | 258 |
Witness recognition procedures | 259 |
Introduction | 260 |
1 Person identification from photographs | 265 |
2 Showupswitness confrontations | 270 |
3 Group identification | 274 |
4 Lineups | 275 |
5 Voice identification | 290 |
6 Conclusions | 298 |
Revision questions | 299 |
Psychology and the police | 300 |
1 Selection | 302 |
2 Predicting success within the force | 305 |
3 Encounters with the public | 306 |
4 Stress | 309 |
5 Questioning suspects | 312 |
6 False confessions | 322 |
7 Conclusions | 328 |
Conclusions | 329 |
Notes | 331 |
References | 343 |
408 | |
420 | |
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Términos y frases comunes
adults advocacy asked Australia basis behaviour Bull cent chapter child sexual abuse child witnesses Cited Clifford closed-circuit television Cognitive Psychology common law concerned concluded confession considered context convicted court crime criminal justice cross-examination Daubert Davies deception decision-making defendant detection E-Fit effect empirical evidence England and Wales event examined example experimental expert evidence expert testimony expert witnesses eyewitness identification eyewitness testimony fact factors finally findings forensic Freckelton gender Gudjonsson guilty he/she his/her hypnosis identification accuracy impact important innocent interrogation investigators involved issue Journal judges jurors jury research Kapardis lawyers legal psychology Lindsay line-up literature Lloyd-Bostock Loftus magistrates Memon memory Moston offenders perpetrator person police officers polygraph procedures psycholegal research psychology and law questions recall relevant reported sentencing show-ups significant significantly social Social Psychology statements Stephenson stress studies stylometric subjects suggestibility suspect technique trial United variables victim videotaped voice voir dire Vrij Yarmey Yuille
Pasajes populares
Página 351 - Social attitudes and personality differences among members of two kinds of police departments (innovative vs. traditional) and students.
Página 348 - In HD Ellis, MA Jeeves, F. Newcombe and A. Young (eds), Aspects of Face Processing. Dordrecht: Martinus Nijhoff. De Renzi, E. and Nichelli, P. (1975). 'Verbal and non-verbal short-term memory impairment following hemispheric damage'.
Página 349 - Brown, I. and Hullin, R. (1992), 'A study of sentencing in the Leeds magistrates courts. The treatment of ethnic minority and white offenders', British Journal of Criminology 32: 41-53.