Temperance societies were active in Vermont in 1830. The first annual report of the Washington county organization, made in September of that year, declared that during the past year sixteen thousand gallons of liquor had been sold in the seven stores of Montpelier. Enough had been sold in the towns of Calais, Moretown, Northfield, Plainfield, Stowe, Waitsfield and Waterbury to increase the total to 29,423 gallons. No information had been secured concerning sales in the remaining towns of the county but estimating them on a basis of the towns mentioned, the total for the county, dispensed by merchants and others, would be approximately 38,250 gallons. As a considerable amount of intoxicating liquor was brought into the county by individuals for their own use, the total consumption was estimated to be between 39,000 and 40,000 gallons. Notwithstanding the large total reported it was asserted that the sales of liquor showed a material decrease over previous years. The sales in Montpelier in 1827 were said to have been 23,498 gallons. A decrease of 30 per cent in the amount of liquor sold was reported from Stowe, while Plainfield reported a falling off of 33 1-3 per cent, and in Waterbury the decrease was 60 per cent. The report asserted that whereas formerly the annual liquor bill of the county amounted to $30,000, it was now (1830) $20,000.

An Anti-Masonic State Convention was held in the State House at Montpelier, June 23, 1830. Rev. Aaron Leland of Chester presided, and a sermon was a feature of the convention. Heman Allen was nominated for

Governor but declined to be a candidate, and the name of Ex-Senator William A. Palmer was substituted.

The Jackson State Convention was held at the State House on July 7, and Ezra Meech of Shelburne was made the gubernatorial candidate. Governor Crafts was renominated by the National Republicans. There was no choice for Governor in the election that followed, although Governor Crafts had a substantial lead over his opponents. The vote was as follows: Crafts, 13,476; Palmer, 10,923; Meech, 6,285; scattering, 37. A joint legislative session was held on October 15 for the purpose of electing a Governor, the first ballot resulting as follows: Crafts, 105; Palmer, 80; William C. Bradley (Jackson candidate), 38; scattering, 5. Joint sessions were held both morning and afternoon on October 15, 16 and 18, and on October 19, on the thirtysecond ballot, Governor Crafts was reelected by a majority of six votes. Robert B. Bates of Middlebury was elected Speaker. In his inaugural address Governor Crafts protested against imprisonment for debt as a penalty not in unison with the spirit of the age, and declared that public opinion called loudly for its removal. He called attention to the fact that Vermonters daily were emigrating to other States, and he urged the need of an easier and cheaper mode of transportation to the market towns. Although Vermont had paid annually into the national treasury nearly half a million dollars, the State, he said, "has received no benefit, excepting so far as those works may have added to the aggregate wealth and resources of the Nation."

In

view of the fact he favored Congressional aid for similar projects in Vermont.

Mr. Mallary was reelected to Congress without serious opposition, and Mr. Hunt and Mr. Cahoon were chosen again. In a second election, Mr. Everett was returned to Congress. In the Fourth district there was no choice. One election after another was held at intervals of about two months with a variety of candidates until the summer of 1832, when Heman Allen, formerly Minister to Chili, the National Republican candidate, was chosen in the eleventh election.

During the legislative session of 1830 Samuel Prentiss of Montpelier was elected United States Senator as the Anti-Jackson or National Republican candidate, Dudley Chase having declined further service. The vote stood as follows: Samuel Prentiss, 120; William A. Palmer of Danville, 60; Titus Hutchinson of Woodstock, 29; William C. Bradley of Westminster, 4; scattering, 5. Mr. Prentiss was born in Stonington, Conn., March 31, 1782, but removed to Northfield, Mass., with his parents during his childhood. He studied law in Northfield and Brattleboro and was admitted to the bar in December, 1802. In 1803 he settled in Montpelier, where he soon built up an extensive practice. In 1824 and 1825 he represented Montpelier in the Legislature. In 1822 he was elected an Assistant Judge of the Supreme Court, but declined the office. In 1826 he was again elected Assistant Judge and accepted, holding the office until 1829, when he was elected Chief Justice. It is worthy of note that the Legislature which elected him United States Senator did not contain a majority of