was of immemorial antiquity and was even referred to the time of the first settlement of the land by the Aiolians who left their home at Arne and took possession of Thebes; and Herakles himself is said to have been the daphnephoros of Apollo. It was celebrated every ninth year by a procession to the temple of Apollo Ismenios. The priest, who was chosen for a year, at least in the time of Pausanias (9. 10. 4), was a noble youth of beautiful form, both of whose parents were alive. As daphnephoros, bearing the holy bough and wearing a crown of gold, he led the procession, though his nearest kinsman walked in front of him carrying a staff of olive-wood covered with laurel and decorated with globes and garlands symbolical of the sun, moon, stars and the days of the year. Behind the priest came a band of maidens bearing boughs and singing chorals.1 At Delphi the daphnephoros was saluted by choirs of girls on his return from Tempe, whence he brought a bough of sacred laurel every nine years. The festival of the daphnephoria was also held in Thessaly (S. G. D.-1. 372) and at Athens, but there is no record of partheneia in connection with the ritual in either place. No fragments exist of the daphnephorika of Pindar, once held the office of laurel-bearer. Whether Alkman or Konniar composed songs for the festival is uncertain. In Boiotia there were also songs called tripodephorika.

whose son

OSCHOPHORIKON.

Nothing remains of this form of prosodiac melic, which was sung at the Attic vintage festival of the ὠσχοφόρια (from ὤσχη, a vine branch full of grapes).

1 The ceremony is described at length in Proklos 247 (translated in Smith's Dict. Antiq. 1. 597).

The chorus proceeded from the temple of Dionysos at Athens to the shrine of Athena Skiras at Phaleron. The elaborate ritual is described by Plut. Thes. 23, Proklos 249 (Smith Dict. Antiq. 2. 303). The dancing was peculiar and resembled that which was usual in the Bacchic cult.

VOTIVE SONGS (EUKTIKA).

Under this title, which is probably later than the Alexandrian age,1 are included petitions addressed to the gods for the bestowal of some favour either upon the poet or upon a friend. In all probability they lauded the beneficence of the gods and described the worthiness of their petitioner. None of the Greek lyrics is ascribed to this class by the ancient writers, but it is possible that they would have included under this designation such poems as Sa. i., xlii., Anakr. ii., many of the so-called kletic hymns (p. xxxii.), and the KaTevɣaí of Simonides.

It appears in Pollux 4. 53, Proklos, Anth. Pal. 1. 118. Menand. (Rh. Gr. 3. 333 Sp.) speaks of evкTɩkoi űμvol.

SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY.

ALKAIOS.

MATTHIAE: Alcaei Mytilenaei reliquiae, Lips. 1827. AHRENS: in his De Graecae linguae dialectis 1. 241 ff., Gottingae 1839. FICK: Die Sprachform der lesbischen Lyrik in Bezz. Beitr. 17 (1891) 182 ff. HOFFMANN: Die griechischen Dialekte 2. 165 ff., Gött. 1893. WELCKER: Alkäos in his Kl. Schr. 1. 126 ff., Bonn 1844. Коск: Alkäos und Sappho, Berl. 1862.

ALKMAN.

WELCKER: Fragmenta Alcmanis lyrici, Gissae 1815; cf. Kl. Schr. 4. 37 ff. NIGGEMEYER: De Alcmane poeta laconico, Monasterii 1869. BENSELER: Quaest. Alcmanicarum pars i., Eisenach 1872. CLEMM: De fragmento quodam Alcm. comm., Gissae 1876. INGRAHAM: De Alcmanis dialecto, Novi Ebor. 1877. SPIESS: De Alcmanis poetae dialecto in Curtius' Studien 10 (1877) 331 ff. Leipz. SCHUBERT: Miscellen zum Dialekte Alkmans, Wien 1879. SITZLER: see under EUMELOS.

ANAKREON.

BERGK: Anacreontis carminum reliq., Lips. 1834. ZURETTI: Anacreonte ed Anacreontee, Torino 1889. WELCKER: Anakreon (1835) in his Kl. Schr. 1. 251 ff. STARK: Quaest. Anacreonticarum libri duo, Lips. 1846. FICK: Die Sprachform der altionischen Lyrik in Bezz. Beitr. 13 (1888) 208 ff. WEBER: Anacreontea, Gott. 1895.

ANTIQUITIES, ART, ARCHAEOLOGY.

BIESE: Die Entwickelung des Naturgefühls bei den Griechen, Kiel 1882-84. BAUMEISTER: Denkmäler des klass. Altertums, 3 vols., München und Leipzig 1885-88. BAUMSTARK: Der Pes simismus in der griech. Lyrik., Heidelb. 1898. BRUCHMANN: Epitheta deorum, Lips. 1893. DEVENTER: Zu den griech. Lyrikern. Natur und Naturgefühl bei denselben, Gleiwitz 1887. GRASBERGER: Erziehung und Unterricht im klass. Alterthum, 3 vols., Würzburg 1864-81. GUHL and KONER: The Life of the Greeks and Romans, transl. from the 3rd Germ. ed., Lond. VON JAN: Die musischen Festspiele in Griechenland in the Verhandl. der 39sten. Philol.-Versamml., Leipz. 1888, p. 71 ff.

MÜLLER-WIESELER: Denkmäler der alten Kunst, 3rd ed., Gött. 1877. PANOFKA: Bilder antiken Lebens, Berl. 1843. PRELLER: Griech. Mythologie, 4th ed. by Robert, Berl. 1894. REISCH: De musicis Graecorum certaminibus, Vindob. 1885. ROSCHER: Ausführl. Lexikon d. griech. u. röm. Mythologie, Leipz. 1884 ff. Wiener Vorlegeblätter für archäol. Uebungen, Wien 1889 ff.

ARION.

WELCKER: Der Delphin des Arion (1833), etc., in his Kl. Schr. 1. 89 ff. LEHRS: in his Popul. Aufsätze 197 ff., Leipz. 1856.

BACCHYLIDES.

NEUE: Bacchylidis Cei fragmenta, Berol. 1822. KENYON: The Poems of Bacchylides, Lond. 1897. BLASS: Bacchylidis carmina cum fragmentis, Lips. 1898. JURENKA: Die neugefundenen Lieder des Bakchylides, Wien 1893. DESROUSSEAUX: Les Poèmes de Bacchylide de Céos traduits du grec, Paris 1898. FESTA: Le odi e i frammenti di Bacchilide, testo greco, traduzione e note, Firenze 1898. CHRIST in Sitz.-Ber. der Bayer. Akad. 1898, p. 3 ff., 597. CRUSIUS in Philol. 57 (1898) 150 ff. FRACCAROLI: in Rivista di Filol. 26 (1893) 70 ff. DELLA GIOVANNA: in Rivista di Filol. 16 (1888) 465 ff. HENSE in R. M. 53 (1898) 318 ff. LIPSIUS: in Neue Jahrb. 1 (1898) 225 ff. LUDWICH: in Verzeichn. d. Vorles. zu Königsberg, Somm. Sem. 1898. MICHELANGELI: Della vita di Bacchilide, Messina 1897. Dopo il B. pubblicato dal Museo Britannico in Rivista di storia antica, 3 (1898) no. 1. RAMBALDI: Bacchilide di Ceo ed i suoi tempi, Torino 1888. ROBERT: in Hermes 33 (1898) 130 ff. SCHROEDER: in Berl. Philol. Wochensch. 1898, nos. 11 and 28. SMITH: in J. H. S. 18 (1898) 267 ff. WEIL: in Journal des Savants, 1898, 43 ff., 174 ff. WILAMOWITZ : Bak

chylides, Berlin 1898; Gött. Gel. Anz. 1898, 125 ff. ZURETTI: in Rivista di Filol. 26 (1898) 134 ff. Also articles in the Athenæum for Dec. 1897, Jan., Feb., 1898, and Class. Rev. 12. by Nairn, Platt, Ellis, W. Headlam, Housman, Pearson, Richards, F. W. Thomas, Tyrrell, Jebb, van Herwerden, Farnell, Earle, Walker, Goligher.

DIAGORAS.

MOUNIER: De Diagora Melio, Rotterd. 1838. MÜNCHENBERG : De Diagora Melio, Hal. Sax. 1877.

DITHYRAMB.

LUETCKE: De Graecorum dithyrambis et poetis dithyrambicis, Berol. 1829. M. SCHMIDT: Diatribe in dithyrambum poetarumque dithyrambicorum reliquias, Berol. 1845. Dithyrambus in Philol. 1 (1846) 397 ff.

HARTUNG: Ueber den

SCHEIBEL: De dithy

ramborum Graecorum argumentis, Liegnitz 1862. WILAMOWITZ : in Euripides' Herakles', pp. 63, 78, Berl. 1889.

EDITIONS.

(I.) BERGK: Poetae Lyrici Graeci, 3 vols., 4th ed., Lips. 1878-1882; vol. 3: Poetae Melici. (II.) Selections (1) with explanatory notes. JACOBS: Anthologia Graeca, 13 vols., Lips. 1794-1804. MEHLHORN: Anthologia Lyrica, Lips. 1827. SCHNEIDEWIN: Delectus poetarum elegiacorum, iambicorum, melicorum reliquiae, Gott. 1838. See also his Beiträge zur Kritik der Poetae Lyrici Graeci, Gött. 1844. HARTUNG: Die griechischen Lyriker, vols. 5 and 6, Leipz. 1855-57. STOLL: Anthologie griechischer Lyriker, 2 vols.; vol. 2, 5th ed., Halle 1883 (for schools). MICHELANGELI: Frammenti della Melica Greca da Terpandro a Bacchilide, five parts, Bologna 1889-1897. INAMA: Antologia dei Lirici, Milano 1891 (for schools). FARNELL: Greek Lyric Poetry, Lond. 1891. BIESE: Griechische Lyriker, 2 vols., Leipz. 1891-92 (for schools). MORGAN : Brief notes on Elegiac, lambic, and Lyric Poets, Cambridge, Mass. 1895. BUCHHOLZ: Anthologie aus den Lyrikern der Griechen, 2 vols., vol. 2, Die melischen u. choregischen Dichter, 4th ed. by Sitzler, Leipz. 1898. This is the best of the school editions. BROOKS: Greek Lyric Poets, selected and translated, Lond. 1896. Selections (2) with textual notes. BRUNCK: Analecta veterum poetarum Graecorum, 3 vols., Argentorati 1776. GAISFORD: Poetae minores graeci, 5 vols., vol. 3, Sappho, Alcaeus, Stesichorus, Lips. 1823. STADTMUELLER: Eclogae poetarum Graecorum, Lips. 1883. POMTOW: Poetae lyrici graeci minores, Lips. 1885. HILLER: Anthologia Lyrica, the 4th ed. (1890) of Bergk's Anthol. Lyr.; new. ed. by Crusius, Lips. 1897.

EPINIKIA.

KRAUSE: EAAHNIKA oder Institute, Sitten und Bräuche des alten Hellas: part i. in two vols. Die Gymnastik und Agonistik der Hellenen, Leipz. 1841; part ii. vol. 2 Die Pythien, Nemeen und Isthmien, Leipz. 1841. Also Olympia oder Darstellung der grossen olympischen Spiele, Wien 1838. BOETTICHER: Olympia, das Fest und seine Stätte, Berl. 1883.

EPITHALAMIUM AND HYMENAIOS.

SIEBDRAT: De carminibus veterum nuptialibus in his Theocr. Epithalamium, Lips. 1796. SOUCHAY; in Mémoires de l'acad. des inscript., 9. 305 ff. SCHMIDT: De hymenaeo et Talasio dis veterum nuptialibus, Kiliae 1886. KOERBER: De Graecorum hymenaeis et epithalamiis, Vratislav. 1877. HARTUNG: Hymenäus (Brautlied) in Philol. 3 (1848) 238 ff.

ERINNA.

RICHTER: Sappho und Erinna, Quedlinb. and Leipz. 1833. MALZOW: De Erinnae Lesbiae vita et reliquiis, Petrop. 1836. WELCKER: De Erinna et Corinna poetriis in his Kl. Sch. 2. 145. SUSEMIHL: Geschichte der griech. Litteratur in d. Alexandrinerzeit, 2. 527, Leipz. 1891.