public, how affected by change of government, i. 76

distinction between, already incurred and obligations, i. 243
private, how dealt with in the war between the United States and
Great Britain, i. 244 n.

effect of treaty of peace on, i. 258, 260

right of a nation to enforce payment of, i. 434, 435 n.
right of State to confiscate debts of enemy, i. 489

effect of declaration of war on, i. 487

rules of the United States as to enemy's debts, i. 488
provisions of 34 Geo. III., c. 79 as to enemy's debts, i. 489

course adopted by the Confederate States in 1861 as to enemy's
debts, &c., i. 489

practice of Great Britain as to enemy's debts, i. 490

treaty between Great Britain and the United States as to enemy's
debts, i. 490

course adopted by Great Britain in 1793 as to enemy's, i. 491
course adopted by Denmark in 1807 as to enemy's, i. 491
the Silesian loan, i. 492 n.

provisions of Treaty of Paris, 1814, as to, i. 491, 494 n.

course adopted by Great Britain towards Portugal in 1840, i.
494 n.

Great Britain and the Russian-Dutch loan, i. 495 n.
sequestration of British, by Denmark in 1807, ii. 95
right of capture of documents evidence of, ii. 102
effect of military occupation on, ii. 473
effect of complete conquest on, ii. 507
of Hesse-Cassel in 1814, ii. 508

DECEITFUL INTELLIGENCE, ii. 29

DECLARATION OF WAR,

among the Greeks and Romans, i. 3, 475
in modern times, i. 476

latest instance of a public, i. 476

necessity of a, i. 477, 497

instances of wars without any, i. 478

absolute or conditional, i. 479

when not necessary, i. 479

effect of, i. 480 et seq.

effect of, on treaties, i. 242, 497

DEFENSIVE WARS,

lawfulness of, i. 452 n.

declaration of war not necessary in, i. 479

DEMOCRACY, i. 125

DENIZEN, i. 349 n.

DESERTERS,

seamen, from merchant ships, i. 411 n.
how to be treated, ii. 93

harbouring, during armistice, ii. 345

United States army regulations as to, ii. 41

DESPATCHES,

of ambassadors, i. 275

DESPATCHES-continued.

declaration of Great Britain in 1854 as to carriage of enemy's,

ii. 314 n.

nature of offence of carrying enemy's, ii. 321 n.

punishment for carrying enemy's, ii. 321

definition of, ii. 321 n., 322

cases on carriage of enemy's, ii. 321 n.

what, may be carried, ii. 323

case of the Trent' as to carriage of, ii. 324 n.

licence to trade, whether a protection for carrying enemy's, ii. 379

DIPLOMACY,

remarks on, i. 226

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS (AMBASSADORS, &c.),

inviolability of ambassadors among the ancients, i. 3

rights of public ministers discussed between 1713–1763, i. 17
papal nuncios, i. 102 n., 224, 272

representatives of States in matters of ceremony, how ranked, i.
105

salutes to diplomatic officers, i. 112 n., 115, 120, ̊ 308 n.
immunity of foreign ministers, i. 179

who are diplomatic agents for the purposes of the Extradition Act
(British), 1870, i. 220 n.

right of a State to send and receive diplomatic agents, i. 222
right of a State to refuse particular individuals as diplomatic
agents, ii. 224, 271 n., 307

diplomatic relations between Great Britain and the Pope, i. 224 n.
native subjects as ministers from a foreign power, i. 225, 320
by what department of government diplomatic agents to be sent
and received, i. 226

modern classification of public ministers, i. 271

nature of the office of ambassador, 272, 421

right of sending ambassadors to whom confined, i. 272

envoys and ministers plenipotentiary, i. 272, 421

ministers resident, i. 273

chargés d'affaires, i. 274, 313

secretaries of embassy, i. 274

attachés and families of ministers, i. 274, 305

messengers and couriers of ministers, i. 275

domestic servants of ministers, i. 276 to 292, 305

exterritoriality of ministers, i. 277 to 286, 313
nationality of children of ministers, i. 278

offences by and against ministers, i. 278 to 294

diplomatic privilege, i. 279 to 288, 313

ministers when not exempt from local jurisdiction, i. 280 to 284,

289 n.

case of the ambassador of Peter the Great, i. 281 n.

statute 7 Anne c. 12 as to privileges of ambassadors, i. 282 n.

ministers carrying on trade, i. 288 n.

instances where ministers have been sued, i. 288 n.

remedies of creditors of ministers, i. 288

case of Combaut in 1603, i. 292

citizens in the service of a foreign minister how regarded, i. 293

evidence of ministers how taken, i..294

inviolability of house of ministers, i. 295

property of a minister not exempt from local jurisdiction, i. 297

exemption of ministers from taxation, i. 298

privileges of ministers as to religious worship, i. 299

DIPLOMATIC AGENTS (AMBASSADORS, &c.)-continued.

diplomatic agents how accredited, i. 300

letter of credence and letters patent, i. 301
duty of a minister as to his instructions, i. 301

a minister's arrival at his post, how notified, i. 301 et seq.
reception of foreign ministers, i. 302

safe-conducts, &c., for ministers when requisite, i. 502
passage of ministers through friendly States, i. 303
instances where ambassadors have been arrested, i. 304 n.
mission of a minister, how determined, i. 304

termination of mission by death of minister, i. 305

recall, i. 305

effluxion of time, i. 306

by death, &c. of sovereign, i. 306
dismissal, i. 306

duties of diplomatic agents towards local government, i. 307
United States' naval regulations in case of death of minister, &c.,

i. 308 n.

national character of, i. 368

responsibility of State for acts of, i. 393

duty of State to, i. 400

right of, to address petitions to the House of Commons of Great
Britain, i. 406

plenipotentiaries to conferences and congresses, i. 421

retaliation on ambassadors, i. 422

United States' army regulations as to, ii. 36, 45

carriage of despatches of ambassador of enemy, i. 275, ii. 323
limits of operations of war as to ambassadors, ii. 323, 327 n.
when to be deemed contraband, ii. 325 n.

case of the 'Trent' in reference to, ii. 324 n.

rules as to stopping enemy's ambassador, ii. 328 n.

an ambassador on the high seas when inviolable, ii. 328 n.

DISCOVERY, vessels of,

exemption of, from hostilities, ii. 149
safe-conducts to, ii. 151 n.

DISPUTES, INTERNATIONAL,

settlement of, i. 413 et seq.

amicable accommodation, i. 414

compromise, i. 414

mediation, i. 415

arbitration, i. 416

conferences and congresses, i. 418

retortion, i. 422

retaliation, i. 422

reprisals, i. 423

seizures, i. 426

embargoes, i. 433

DIVORCE, i. 164

necessary ingredients to obtain a, i. 165

French law as to persons divorced contracting a new marriage, i.

166 n.

DOMICIL,

effect of, on national character, i. 360
commercial domicil, i. 360

rule of decision as to, in prize courts, i. 360
definition of, i. 361

various kinds of, i. 362

how determined, i. 363, 375 n.
French law of, i. 368, 370 n.
of ambassadors, i. 368
consuls, i. 368
wives, i. 369
widows, 369

after divorce, i. 369, 370 n.
after separation, i. 369, 370 n.
of minors, i. 370

illegitimate minors, i. 370
students, i. 370
servants, i. 370
soldiers, i. 371
merchants, i. 371
prisoners, i. 371
exiles, i. 371
fugitives, i. 371

seafaring men, i. 383 n.
de facto, i. 372

effect of treaties on,
double, i. 373

how it reverts, i. 374

DOMINIUM,

i. 372

definition of, i. 129, 174

DOVER,

limits of port of, ii. 561

DROIT D'AUBAINE, i. 160

DROIT D'ENQUÊTE DU PAVILLON, ii. 272

DROIT DE RENVOI, i. 400

DROIT DE RETRACTION, i. 160

DROITS OF ADMIRALTY,

usage of Great Britain as to, i. 486

Wheaton's remarks on the, i. 490

what are, ii. 10 n., 398

condemnation of Danish vessels in 1807 as, i. 490, ii. 95

'DUTY OF THE FLAG,' i. 109 n.

EGYPT,

Khedive of, i. 131 n.

international courts, ii. 555

EMBARGOES, i. 433

historical instances of, i. 435

right of authorising, i. 436

course pursued by Russia and Turkey in 1853 as to, i. 487

EMIGRATION. See EXPATRIATION

ENEMY,

debts of, i. 434 et seq. See DEBTS.
ransom to, i. 398 n.

whether pirate an, i. 225 n.
who is an, ii. 52

treatment of an, ii. 54

allies of, ii. 55

associates of, ii. 63

auxiliaries furnished to, ii. 64

formal declarations of war against associates of, ii. 64
rights of war as to persons of, ii. 68

who come under the general description of, ii. 70
right to kill, ii. 73

when quarter may be refused to, ii. 73

punishment of, escaping and recaptured, ii. 73 n.

general rule of conduct towards, ii. 118

contracts with an alien, ii. 154 n.

United States army regulations as to person and property of, ii. 39

to 42

See PROPERTY AND TRADE

ENEMY SHIPS, ENEMY GOODS, ii. 312 et seq.

the rule of, how far implied by the rule of 'free ships, free goods,'
ii. 314 n.

ENVOYS, i. 272. See DIPLOMATIC AGENTS

foreign judgments, how far, i. 197

of laws of a foreign country, i. 199

of contracts, &c., made in a foreign country, i. 200
foreign judgments, how made, i. 201

in extradition cases, i. 214 n., 240 n.

of ambassadors, &c., i. 294

of domicil, i. 363, 375 n.

necessary for condemnation on account of breach of blockade,

227, 229 n., 231

sentence of foreign court of admiralty, how far, ii. 429
transfer of allegiance, ii. 488

EXPATRIATION (EMIGRATION),

right of, how considered in different countries, i. 351
rule of international law as to, i. 356

how far an excuse for illegal enterprises, i. 399

EXTRADITION,

remarks on the practice of, i. 194
who held exempt from, i. 195 n.
case of Perkin Warbeck, i. 195 n.

Edmond de la Pool, i. 195 n.

the ambassadors of the Abassines, i. 195 #.
Anthony Fazons, i. 196 n.