Certain light and air spaces. Condenser, and other items. Anchor gear. Wheel house. Galley. Cabins for passengers (when on decks not to hull). Net tons. The tonnage of a ship remaining after certain deductions have been made from the gross tonnage expressed in tons of 100 cubic feet each. Among the deductions are: Crew spaces. Donkey engine and boiler. Master's cabin. Shaft trunks. Percentage of propelling machinery space. Register tons.-Register tonnage is applicable to both gross and net; in other words, it can be expressed as gross register tonnage or net register tonnage. However, as a general rule it is ordinarily used with reference to net tonnage. Deadweight tons.-The carrying capacity of a ship in tons of 2,240 pounds. The difference between the displacement light and the displacement loaded. As an illustration, a ship with a light displacement of 4,000 tons has a draft of 9 feet; at this displacement (4,000 tons and draft of 9 feet), her deadweight is zero. Her loaded displacement would amount to 15,000 tons and she would have a draft for this loaded displacement of 30 feet. Therefore, her deadweight would be the difference between the light and loaded displacement or a carrying capacity of 11,000 tons. Cargo deadweight tons.-The number of tons (2,240 pounds per ton) which remain after deducting fuel, water, stores, dunnage and such other items necessary for use on a voyage from the deadweight of the vessel. As an illustration, a vessel of 11,000 tons deadweight takes aboard fuel, water, stores, dunnage and such other items necessary for a voyage amounting to 1,200 tons, the cargo deadweight available will then amount to 9,800 tons. The cargo deadweight varies according to the weight of the last named items. In other words, for a long voyage fuel may be carried for a round trip and the quantity of stores proportionally increased, which would reduce the figure for the cargo deadweight tons by a like amount. Displacement, light.-The weight of the ship, excluding cargo, passengers, fuel, water, stores, dunnage and such other items which are necessary for use on a voyage. Displacement loaded. The weight of the ship including cargo, passengers, fuel, water, stores, dunnage and such other items necessary for use on a voyage, which brings the vessel down to her maximum draft. Power tons. This is used to classify the ship for the purpose of establishing the rates of pay of the ship's officers and is calculated by adding together the gross tonnage and the indicated horsepower of the ship. The result is power tonnage. Grain cubic.-The maximum space available for cargo measured in cubic feet, the measurements being taken to the inside of the shell plating of the ship or to the outside of the frames and to the top of the beams or under side of deck plating. In other words, if a bulk cargo was loaded with a commodity such as grain, it would flow in between the frames and beams and occupy the maximum space available. Bale cubic. The space available for cargo measured in cubic feet to the inside of the cargo battens, on the frames, and to the under side of the beams. In a general cargo of mixed commodities, the bale cubic applies. The stowage of the mixed cargo comes in contact with the cargo battens and as a general rule, does not extend to the skin of the ship. Figures taken from an actual ship show the grain cubic as amounting to 641,000 cubic feet and the bale cubic to 570,000 cubic feet-indicating the ratio. Tramp ship. A ship distinguished more by its class of service than by its structural characteristics. This type of ship engages principally in the transportation of bulk goods such as coal, grain, lumber, ore and nitrate. It serves those merchants whose shipments, individually, move in vessel lots; and it operates between divers ports under charter to merchants for one voyage or more, or on time, in whichever trade during a given period affords the most remunerative employment. Since tramps are designed mainly to carry low-grade bulk commodities at low cost they are usually slow in comparison with liners. United States Maritime Commission.--A Government agency, established in 1936 to develop and maintain a merchant marine sufficient to carry the domestic waterborne commerce and a substantial portion of the water-borne export and import foreign commerce of the United States; also to administer certain laws regulating the commercial practices of common carriers by water in foreign commerce and of other persons subject to those laws. United States Shipping Board. An administrative agency of the Government established in 1916 for the development and regulation of shipping. During the World War this agency was vested with comprehensive power of an emergency character intended to meet the shipping problems arising out of that war. Vessel. Any craft designed to float on water (often used interchangeably with ship). War risk insurance.-Insurance covering loss or damage resulting from war. Weight cargo.-Cargo that stows 40 cubic feet or less per ton of 2,240 pounds; or 1 cubic foot or less per 56 pounds. Weight or measure.-A term used by ship operators to denote that the freight rates are based on either a given weight or measurement unit at the option of the ship operator. LIST OF REFERENCES Annual reports of the United States Maritime Commission, as submitted to the Congress. (These reports give an account of the work accomplished by the Commission during the particular years they cover.) Reports prepared by the United States Maritime Commission for the InterAmerican Financial and Economic Advisory Committee: Report of the United States Maritime Commission on Shipping Services between the United States and the Republics of Central America; January 9, 1940. Report of the United States Maritime Commission on Ocean Freight Rates and Maritime Insurance Rates before and after the European Conflict, prepared for the Inter-American Financial and Economic Advisory Committee; February 1, 1940. Report of the United States Maritime Commission on the Effect of the European War on Shipping Services to and from Haiti, prepared for the InterAmerican Financial and Economic Advisory Committee; February 27, 1940. Central American Shipping Services Report, prepared for the InterAmerican Financial and Economic Advisory Committee by the United States Maritime Commission from data furnished by the Governments of the Republics of Central America; April 9, 1940. Authority of the United States Maritime Commission to Regulate Freight Rates; June 4, 1940. Memorandum prepared by the United States Maritime Commission for the Inter-American Financial and Economic Advisory Committee relative to proposals of the delegates of Cuba and Venezuela for a maritime conference to consider freight rates, passenger fares, and other shipping matters; June 28, 1940. Control of Ocean Freight Rates in Foreign Trade, published by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Transportation Division, as Trade Promotion Series No. 185. War-Time Control of Ocean Freight Rates in Foreign Trade, published by the United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, Transportation Division, as Trade Promotion Series No. 212. Foreign Commerce Year Book; an annual review of the international commerce of countries other than the United States; published by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce, United States Department of Commerce. Port and Transportation Series Reports, compiled and published by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, War Department, and the United States Maritime Commission. These reports embrace the principal ocean and inland waterway ports of the United States, including the Great Lakes. Detailed information is given relative to port and harbor conditions, facilities available for service to vessels, commerce, transportation lines, and the charges assessed against the cargo or the vessels. Water-borne Commerce of the United States, published by the Board of Engineers for Rivers and Harbors, War Department, as part of the Annual Report of the Chief of Engineers. Consists of a detailed report of the water-borne commerce of United States ports, rivers, canals and connecting channels. Foreign Commerce and Navigation of the United States, an annual statistical review published by the Bureau of Foreign and Domestic Commerce of the United States Department of Commerce. |