United States

Administration.-February 5.-By order of President Roosevelt, Public Printer Charles A. Stillings was temporarily suspended from office on charges of high cost in operation of the office.

Bequest.-January 27.-The will of Morris K. Jesup contained bequest of $1,000,000 to the American Museum of Natural History.

Casualties.-January 13.-One hundred and seventy persons burned to death in a fire in Rhoades' theater, Boyertown, Pa.

-February 3.-Fifteen men lose their lives by drowning when the steamer St. Cuthbert burns in mid-sea.

Congress.-January 15.-The Senate passed a joint resolution remitting to China about $13,000,000 of the Boxer indemnity.

-January 31.-President Roosevelt sent a special message to Congress. [See Events.]

-February 3.-The House passed a general widows' pension bill, granting a flat pension of $12 a month to the widows of all honorably discharged soldiers of the United States who have not heretofore received a pension, and an increase of $4 a month for all who have, under the act of June 27, 1890. The bill involves the expenditure of $12,000,000 annually.

-February 4.-The Senate passed the urgent deficiency bill carrying an appropriation of over $24,000,000.

Copyright.-February 3.-The Supreme Court of the United States affirmed that a copyrighted book published in the United States and republished in another country from the same plates, though without copyright notice attached, can be protected from infringement.

Deaths.-January 14.-James Ryder Randall, war poet, author of "Maryland, My Maryland,' aged 65.

-January 18.-Edmund Clarence Stedman, poet and critic, aged 74.

-January 19.-Charles Emory Smith, journalist and former minister to Russia and Postmaster-General, aged 66.

-January 22.-Morris K. Jesup, philanthropist and banker, aged 78.

-January 23.-Edward Alexander McDowell, musical composer, aged 46.

-January 27.-General Charles H. Howard, distinguished war veteran, aged 70.

-February 2. David Johnson, landscape painter, aged 80.

-February 3.-Colonel Thomas G. Lawler, former Commander-in-Chief of the Grand Army of the Republic, aged 63. . . . Joseph G. Burton, last survivor of the meeting at Alton, Ill., in 1834, when Elijah Lovejoy and others formed the first abolitionist organization in the state.

Gubernatorial.-January 21.-Edmond F. Noel inaugurated Governor of Mississippi, and John Franklin Fort, Governor of New Jersey.

Labor.-January 16.-The Nevada State Senate passed a resolution asking President Roosevelt to retain troops in Goldfield until the legislature

can pass a law providing for a police force or some other method of maintaining the peace.

-January 17.-President Roosevelt acceded to request of State Senate.

-January 21.-The nineteenth annual convention of the United Mine Workers of America opened in Indianapolis with 1,000 delegates. President John Mitchell made an official farewell speech after service of nine years and seven months. A personal gift of $2,700 from the miners of Wyoming and Montana as an appreciation of his efforts to better their condition was declined, but later permitted to be given to Mrs. Mitchell.

-January 23.-The Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company reduced salaries of all officers and employees receiving over $166 per month. The Baldwin Locomotive Works reduced its force by 8,000 men, and its working hours 60 per cent. Local cotton mills in Waltham, Mass., resumed full time.

-January 27.-The Supreme Court of the United States declared unconstitutional the Act of Congress of June 1, 1898, prohibiting railroad companies engaged in interstate commerce from discriminating against members of labor organizations in the matter of employment. The case in which opinion was rendered was that of William Adair vs. the United States. Thirty thousand idle men re-employed by resumption of operations at thirty-eight mines of the Reading Coal and Iron Co., and in addition several thousand in the steel industry. In Detroit 3,000 men re-employed in car foundry.

The

-February 3.-Thomas L. Lewis elected PresiIdent of the United Mine Workers. Supreme Court of the United States affirmed that the Sherman anti-trust law prohibits boycotting by labor unions as being a combination in restraint of trade. The case in which decision was given was Lawler vs. Loewe, of Danbury, Conn.

February 5.-The Louisville & Nashville Railroad reduced all salaries over $250 per month, One thousand men called back to work by the Pennsylvania Steel Company after a month's idleness.

-February 10.-Between 5,000 and 6,000 men returned to work at Lorain, Ohio, and several hundreds at other places.

H.

Municipal.- January 17.- Congressman Burd Cassel, of Marietta, architect Joseph M. Huston and contractor John H. Sanderson, of Philadelphia, indicted by the grand jury on the charge of defrauding the state of $50,160 in the construction of the state capitol.

Night Riders.-February 4.-Two hundred masked night riders visited Dycusburg, Ky., and set fire to Bennett's tobacco warehouse and distillery. Loss, $40,000. Henry Bennett, one of the firm, and William Groves, the foreman, were whipped almost to death.

Primary Bill.-January 29.-The Oglesby direct primary bill passed the Illinois House of Representatives by a vote of 88 to 33. With Governor Deneen's signature it becomes law.

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Railroads.-January

21.-The Philadelphia

& Reading Railway Company announced that, owing to depression in business and falling off in passenger receipts, forty-one local trains would be discontinued.

-January 23.-The Philadelphia Rapid Transit withdrew over 100 cars from service because of falling off of travel. [See Labor.]

-February 4.-The only fast train between St. Louis and Mexico makes its last trip this week, owing to lack of business. The Lehigh Valley Road takes off the Black Diamond Express and reduces operating expenses ten per cent.

February 5.- Beginning February 9 the Santa Fe Railroad will annul ten principal local passenger trains in Kansas because of decrease in the road's earnings the past year.

Senatorial.-January 14.-William Pinckney Whyte, elected United States Senator from Maryland to fill the unexpired portion of the late Senator Gorman's term.

-January 15.-Walter Smith elected United States Senator from Maryland by the General Assembly in joint convention, for the full term of six years, from March 4, 1909.

-January 21.-Congressman John Sharp Williams, elected to the United States Senate to succeed D. H. Money, whose term expires March 4, 1911. Former United States Senator George Peabody Wetmore elected to the United States Senate to represent Rhode Island.

Trusts.-January 24.-The grand jury of Franklin County, Ky., indicted the International Harvester Company of Milwaukee, on a charge of combining to control prices.

-February 5.-On indictments charging conspiracy to defraud the government, Ernest W. Gerbracht, chief sugar expert of the American Sugar Refining Company, and other employees of the company arrested.

Cuba

Independence.-January 14.-The letter of President Roosevelt to Secretary Taft, announcing that February 1, 1909, will be the latest date for turning over the island to the President and Congress of Cuba, was made public.

Rebellion.-February 5.-Three of the six men indicted last September for attempting to subvert the provincial government and get rid of Americans in Cuba, sentenced to thirty-nine months' imprisonment. The other three acquitted.

Guatemala

Railroad.-January 19.-The Guatemala Northern Railway, the third line of rails within LatinAmerica connecting the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans, was opened.

Haiti

Revolution.-January 16.-Haitians who have been in exile captured the towns of Gonaives and St. Marc. The government dispatched troops to check further advance of the revolutionists.

-January 17.-The Haitian government declared the ports of Gonaives and St. Marc blockaded. General Jadotte, commandant of the government troops killed, also General Deslouches, commanding the revolutionary troops.

-January 23.-The arrest of José M. Giordani in New York with $800,000 of counterfeit

Haitian paper money in his possession, proved him to be the agent of a revolutionary conspiracy to overthrow President Nord's government in Haiti.

British Empire

Deaths.-January 19.-Sir John Lawson Walton, K. C., attorney-general of England, aged 56. -January 23.-August Wilhelmj, violinist and concert master, aged 62.

Newspaper.-January 17.-The London Times announced that no sale of itself had been effected, the previous statement referring only to negotia tions that were in progress.

Parliament.-January 29.-The King opened Parliament and read his speech from the throne. South Africa

Cape Colony.-January 31.-Dr. Leander Starr Jameson, prime minister and secretary for native affairs, resigned.

Cabinet.-February 2.-Premier Franco and the entire ministry resigned on an agreement with the Progressive and Regenerationist parties that they would support the government if a coalition cabinet was formed. Admiral Ferreira do Amaral chosen premier. [See Events.]

-February 5.-Ex-Premier Franco left Portugal for Spain, and thence to Paris because of threats of death made against him.

Political Plot.-January 23.-A plot to assassinate Premier Franco and overthrow the government discovered by police and arrests made, including the leader, Joao Chagras.

-February 4.-Ninety-four political prisoners deported to African prisons.

King Slain.-February 1.-King Carlos and the Crown Prince, Luiz Felipe, shot at and killed as they were driving from the railway station to the palace in Lisbon. [See Events.]

New King.-February 2.-Prince Manuel proclaimed King, as Manuel II.

-February 3.-Martial law and the suspension of constitutional guarantees proclaimed in Lisbon. -February 5.-King Manuel signed three decrees: one repealing that of Franco, restricting the press; another repealing the decree of suspension from immunity from prosecution of mem

bers of Parliament; the third promised liberation to members of Parliament now under arrest. -February 10.-Funeral of King Carlos and his son. Burial in the Pantheon, Lisbon.

Italy

Death. January 25.- Louise de la Ramee (Ouida), writer, aged 78.

German Empire

Riots.-January 12.-Socialistic disturbances in Berlin resulted in injury to over 100 persons. In Frankfort there was similar rioting and in Essen and Cologne processions paraded the streets singing the Marseillaise.

-January 21.-Riotous demonstrations made by unemployed men in Berlin. Many injured Estiby police, at whom rioters threw bricks. mated there are about 60,000 men without work in Berlin.

-January 22.-Several persons injured and many arrests made in Brunswick as the result of conflict between the police and Socialists in a parade demanding universal manhood suffrage.

Universal Suffrage.-January 22.-Chancellor von Buelow replying in the reichstag to an interpellation by the Social Democrats why the government should not grant the manhood suffrage system for the election of Prussian deputies, said the reichstag had nothing to do with the internal concerns of Prussia.

Russian Empire

Cabinet.-January 13.-An imperial ukase dismissed from office M. von Kauffman, minister of education, and appointed as his successor M. Schwartz. Reactionists had long agitated for Kauffman's retirement.

-January 22.-Assistant Minister of the Interior Gurko dismissed from office because of his connection with the Lidval grain scandal.

The

Finland.-February 3.-The Emperor rebuked the diet for its declaration that its contribution of 20,000,000 marks for military defense of the empire would be the last paid under the agree ment of 1905. The Emperor announced that the disposition of the military funds of the grand duchy of Finland was his prerogative. Russian forces in Finland have been strengthened. Revolutionary Damages.-January 29.-Landowners in the Baltic provinces who brought suit against insurance companies for compensation because of incendiary damages by revolutionists in the years 1905 and 1906 were successful in obtaining a favorable decision from the courts.

Stoessel. January 17. Lieutenant-General Stoessel sent direct to Emperor Nicholas a protest against the exclusion of witnesses for the defense and other alleged discriminations by the court martial. In reply, General Stroukoff, personal aide-de-camp of the Emperor, took a seat upon the bench in court for the purpose of furnishing a report to the Emperor.

Morocco

Civil War.-January 13.-The machinations of the powerful Sheik El Killani responsible for the deposition of Abd-el-Aziz and proclamation of

Mulai Hafid. The former's officials, including his brother and uncle, signed the deposing act and the appointment of the new Sultan.

-January 14.-Mulai Hafid sent a commission to Paris, which declared that Mulai will scrupulously observe the treaty, including the Algeciras act. The holy war declared to be, not against foreigners, but against Abd-el-Aziz and the gov erning board of Morocco.

-January 16.-A ten hours' battle between a French column under General d'Amade and some of Mulai Hafid's forces occurred near Settal. The French dispersed the enemy and occupied

the town.

-January 17.-The French troops captured Caid Duldel Hadjhammon, the principal instigator of the massacre at Casablanca.

-February 3.-A French column attacked by Arabs finally repulsed after loss of eight Frenchmen, and fifty wounded. The enemy suffered heavy loss.

Raisuli.-January 13.-Raisuli, the bandit, reported to have joined Mulai Hafid, and to persist in his refusal to release Caid Sir Harry McLean, except by order of the new leader.

-February 7.-Caid Sir Harry McLean officially turned over to the British Charge d'Affaires at Tangier, for release on payment of ransom by the British government.

Persia

Capture by Turks.-January 13.-Prince Firman Firma, governor of the province of Azerbaijan and minister of justice, surrounded by Turks near Sandshbulak, and his rifles and cash box containing $150,000 seized. He appealed to Parliament.

Japan

Cabinet Crisis.-January 14.-The premier, Marquis Saionji, tendered his resignation, but the Emperor declined to receive it. The resignations of Yoshiro Sakatani, minister of finance, and Isaburo Yainagata, minister of communication, were accepted. Masahisa Matsura, minister of justice, will also take the portfolio of finance, and Keihara, minister of the interior, that of communication, thus leaving the cabinet without new elements but removing two disturbing factors. Difference of opinion as to taxation caused the trouble.

-January 17.-The attempts to adjust the budget which caused the cabinet crisis were settled by the postponement of certain army and navy works.

-January 23.-The government escaped a vote of censure in the lower house of the diet by a bare majority of nine on a division vote to cen

sure.

Casualty.— February 3.- Ninety-one miners killed at Yubari colliery, Hokkaido, by a gas explosion.

Emigration.-January 21.-Viscount Hayashi, minister of foreign affairs, issued a statement declaring that the Japanese government was determined to prevent the emigration of laborers to America.

Foreign Trade.-January 23.-The imports and exports during 1907 made a total of $460,000,000, an increase over the previous year of $42,000,000.