[The figures refer to pages.]

MORTGAGES,

are contracts not to be violated, 624.

MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS,

delegation of legislative power to, 322.

police power vested in, 339.

power of eminent domain granted to, 401.

local self-government, 427.

nature of, 429.

charters of, are not contracts, 430, 620.

power to create, 431.

boundaries of, 431.

classification of, 432.

legislative control of, 433.

debts and revenue of, 435.

officers of, 436.

powers of, 437.

by-laws of, 438.

taxation by, when essential to observance of contracts, 625.

N

NATION,

defined, 16.

the United States as a, 17.

NATIONAL BANKS,

taxation of, by states, 381.

NATURALIZATION,

authority of congress over, 207.

is exclusive, 207, 208.

how effected, 209.

NATURAL JUSTICE,

statutes contrary to, validity of, 63.

constitutional provisions repugnant to, 70.

NATURAL RIGHTS,

meaning of the term, 444.

NAVIGABLE WATERS,

what are, in English and American law, 135, 136.

NAVIGATION,

power of congress to regulate, 191.

NAVY.

[The figures refer to pages.]

President's power over, as commander in chief, 99.

regulations for government of, 101.

NEUTRALITY LAWS,

established by congress, 219.

NEWSPAPERS,

amenability of, to law of libel, 540.

see, also, "Liberty of Speech and Press."

NEW STATES,

admission of, into the Union, 233.

NEW TRIAL,

legislature cannot grant, 81.

NEW USES,

appropriation of property to, 410.

NOBILITY, TITLES OF,

not to be granted by United States, 241.
nor by states, 302.

NORTHWEST TERRITORY,

ordinance for government of, 232.

NUISANCES,

abatement of, 485.

0

OATH,

official, to support the constitution, meaning of, 95.

OATH OF OFFICE,

of President and Vice-President, 95.

OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTS,

laws impairing, not to be passed, 604.
constitutional provisions, 604.

the law impairing, 605.

state constitutions, 605.

the obligation of the contract, 606.

the impairment of the contract, 607.

what contracts are protected, 607.

contracts between states, 608.

statutes, 608.

contracts of a state with individuals, 609.
grants by a state, 610.

[The figures refer to pages.]

OBLIGATION OF CONTRACTS-Continued,

grants of exclusive privileges, 611.
licenses and exemptions, 612.

offices, 613.

illegal and immoral contracts, 614.

judgments, 615.

marriage, 615.

limitations on power of legislature to contract, 615.
charters as contracts, 617.

charters of municipal corporations, 620.

exemption from taxation as a contract, 620.
laws affecting remedies on contracts, 622.

insolvency laws, 623.

limitation laws, 623.

exemption laws, 623.

appraisal laws, 624.

possession of mortgaged property, 624.

redemption laws, 624.

municipal taxation, 625.

OCCUPATION,

personal liberty as to choice of, 471.

OFFICERS,

of government, responsibility of, for political action, 12-14.
of executive department, when mandamus lies to, 84.
appointment of, by President, 110.

removal of, 113.

impeachment of, 120.

of congress, how chosen, 169.

of state executive department, 267, 268.

of state legislature, choice of, 292.

of municipal corporations, 436.

public, criticism of, when privileged, 553.
ineligibility as a consequence of crime, 563.

offices are not contracts, 613.

OFFICIAL LIABILITY,

for official action, 12-14.

of state governor, 269.

OLEOMARGARINE.

federal laws against, 342.
state laws against, 347.

OPPRESSION,

[The figures refer to pages.]

police regulations designed to prevent, 361.

ORDINANCES,

of municipal corporations, 438.

P

PAPERS,

private, protected against search and seizure, 500, 502.

PARDONS,

defined, 105.

power of President to grant, 105.

power of governor to grant, 272.

granting of, an executive function, 272.

absolute and conditional, 273.

delivery and acceptance essential to, 274.

must be pleaded, 274.

cannot be revoked, 274.

effect of, 274.

contract to procure, validity of, 275.

PARTIES TO ACTIONS,

ambassadors and public ministers, 134.

aliens, 140.

citizens of different states, 140.

United States, 142.

states, 143–148.

PATENTS,

authority of congress to grant, 216.

dealing in, regulated by state police laws, 361.

PEOPLE,

distinguished from "nation," 17.

who are included in the term, 26.

sovereignty of, 26.

ratification of federal constitution by, 40.

PERSONAL LIBERTY,

what it consists in, 456.

constitutional guaranties of, 456.

limitations upon, 457.

arrest, 457.

imprisonment for crime, 458.

restraint of insane persons, 458.

[The figures refer to pages.]

PERSONAL LIBERTY-Continued,

vagabonds and paupers, 458.

parental control of children, 459.

sureties on bail bonds, 459.

abolition of slavery, 460.

requirement of due process of law, 479.

arrests on general warrants, 503.

PERSONAL PROPERTY,

police regulation of, 359.

taking under power of eminent domain, 407, 409.

PETITION,

right of, 557.

secured by constitution, 557.

meaning and extent of, 557-560.
statements in, are privileged, 560.

PILOTAGE,

power of congress to regulate, 194.

PIRACY,

power of congress to define and punish, 218.

POLICE POWER,

definition and nature of, 334.

origin of, 335.

distinguished from eminent domain, 335.

is inalienable, 337.

scope of, 337.

location of, 338.

in municipal corporations, 339.

as vested in congress, 339.

as vested in state legislatures, 342.

objects to which it extends, 342.

public safety, 343.

public morals, 345.

public health, 345.

purity of food products, 347.

intoxicating liquors, 348.

regulation of railways, 350.

regulation of trades and professions, 352.

regulation of charges and prices, 355.

regulation of labor, 357.

regulation of rights of property, 359.