entirely failed. The emperor refused all the presents except the portraits of the king and queen of England. "SPANISH AMERICA." REPORTS. The committee of the Berkshire agricultural society appointed for viewing crops standing in the fields, have faithfully attended to the discharge of The defeat of the patriots near Barcelona, men- their important trust and beg leave, respectfully, to tioned in our last paper, is now understood to be report: That they noticed with peculiar pleasure a grow totally false-a thing of royal manufacture. On the contrary, they appear to be generally successful, ing attention to improvements in agriculture in eveand steadily pushing towards the great end of their ry part of the county, where their duty called labors, in achieving the independence of their them, which was gratifying to them especially as it was manifest that these interesting results of our country. The government of the united provinces of the own enquiries were principally owing to the effects Rio de la Plata have issued a decree to encourage of your society in diffusing a laudable spirit of emuprivateering against the Spaniards. Particular re-lation among our farmers, which has stimulated a wards are promised to cruisers that shall intercept general ambition to excel, not only in raising good despatches or take transports with troops or muni crops but keeping buildings and fences in better tions of war. The mode of boarding neutral ves-repair. It is, therefore, our earnest wish and ensels is prescribed. All prizes are to be free of duty treaty, that the members of the society, and the Negroes between 12 and community at large, will contribute liberally to the and all articles of war. 40 years of age, taken, are to be paid for by govern-support of an institution so eminently calculated to ment-to serve in the army, and after a certain do good to the whole country. period to be free. All not fit for service to be free at once. All vessels of little value, taken on the high seas are to be burned In Peru the patriot warrior Don Manuel Ascensio Padella has deceased. Our accounts from this country are pleasant. The cause of liberty, and hatred to tyranny, prospers The Portuguese expedition does not appear in the least to alarm the people. We will not, on this occasion, trespass on the time of the public by going into a detail as to the best method of fencing, of collecting and creating manures, or of raising and preserving fruit trees, and many other objects interesting to every farmer. At the same time we beg leave strongly to recommend a general attention to these interesting objects, that the society and posterity may derive knowledge and benefit from our experience. The disputes between the British and Spanish at Your committee cannot refrain from expressing Havana, relative to the specie saved from the British sloop of war Tay, have assumed a pretty serious their deep sense of gratitude and praise to Almigh appearance. The latter will not give up the cash-ty God, in blessing this people with such abundant they also treated the captain and crew of the Tay crops of wheat, rye, oats, flax and pease, notwithmost ignominiously, and trampled upon the Bri-standing the uncommon cold, and severe drought, tish colors, &c. It is again stated that the patriots contemplate It has a very fine harbor, the capture of Pensacola. and on that account would be of great importance to them. They ought to take it. Agricultural. [LONG DEFERRED.] they were never greater. Indian corn having, for the same reasons, generally failed, the applicants on this article generously waved their premiums and are entitled to the thanks of the society. The candidates were numerous, and had the season been favorable, the whole community would have been sensible of the visible effects of your premi ums. On the suggestion of the president, your com The following report of the committee of agri-mittee examined a mill, erected by capt. Merrills, oulture and of domestic manufactures, are extracted from the Pittsfield Sun. for grinding Plaister of Paris on an extensive scale; They were read in the order of proceedings of the late cattle show and fair in Pittsfield, and are deserving the attention of our agricultural readers. Probably the organization of a visiting committes of farmers, to inspect crops standing in the field, is altogether original, and the effect, we are told, ve It is with regret your committee notice an evident ry interesting. Eleven of the most respectable farmers of Berkshire, are annually selected as a diminution of domestic manufactures the present committee to award premiums on crops. They year, probably occasioned by the peculiar situation meet at Pittsfield the early part of July; receive of the times; but we notice with pleasure, a variefrom the secretary of the society an abstract of the ty of articles exhibited by sundry persons which names of candidates; their residence, and articles though not named in the list of premiums, discover offered for premium. The committee then settle a superior style of workmanship, the manufacturers their route, and proceed from farm to farm, usual- of which, are entitled to the highest praise. ly followed by a train of anxious spectators. The Candidates being apprized of the day and route of the committee, are well provided with substantial home-made fare to greet them under their roofs.The committee then enter into the midst of their fields of grain, attended by the anxious candidates; thus proceeding from town to town till they have fulfilled the duty assigned to them which requires several days. The chairman of the committee is the farmer legates from the respective counties of the comwho has produced the best farm the year preced-monwealth of Pennsylvania, elected by the people ing, and received the society's diploma and an ex-for nominating a suitable person for the office of governor, present a representation for all but three emption from all taxes to the society thereafter. SOLOMON WARRINER, Ch'if. CHRONICLE. in the PENNSYLVANIA. Public ordnance and arms, arsenal at Philadelphia, &c. Ordnance, chiefly brass, 33 pieces, 12, 9, 6 and 4 pounders; muskets, 20,875; rifles, 1,725. Nomination for Governor. At a convention of de cretaries. counties. Jacob Holgate was called to the chair, and Com. Macdonough.-The sword voted to the he Andrew Stewart and I. D. Barnard appointed se-ro of Champlain by the state of New York, has been presented to him in ample form, at Hartford, by a After an examination into the election of the de-committee of gentlemen appointed by governor legates, William Finlay, N. B. Boileau and Isaac Tompkins for the purpose. Weaver were put in nomination for governor, and a Gen. Jackson-Thomas Lee, Thomas Bennett and ballot being had, Mr. Finlay had 99, and Mr. Boi-J. S. Richardson, esquires, for the ladies of Charlesleau 14 votes. to S C. have presented to the "man of Orleans,' So it was agreed that William Finlay be recom-through col. Hayne and maj. Gadsden, the elegant mended to the republicans of Pennsylvania, to be silver Vase prepared at their cost for him. supported as their candidate for governor at the ensuing election. There has also been a convention at Carlisle for the same purpose-present, delegates for thirteen counties and the city of Philadelphia. Hamilton Humes in the chair, F. A. Muhlenburg, Presley C. Lane, Isaac Weaver and John Steal, were put in nomination, but all withdrawn except the first named, who was agreed upon unanimously to be re. commended to the freemen of Pennsylvania for their support at the election in October next. Both candidates are republicans. Defence of the Delaware.-Capt. Babcock, of the U. S. corps of engineers, is advertising for 24,000 porches of building stone and 60,000 bushels of lime, to be delivered at the Pea Pitch. Steam-boats.-Sundry persons concerned in the shad and herring fishery on the Potomac, have presented a petition to the Virginia legislature, praying that steam-boats may be forbidden to run in the month of April; because, they say, that the noise of these boats, which may be heard several miles, and the agitation of the air and water drive away the fish. Com. Barney-At the entertainment, by the citizens of Frankfort, Ky. of com. Barney, the follow Toust, drank at Philadelphia on the 4th of March "Commerce-The jolly boat of the American seventy-four, called agriculture and manufactures."ing toast was givenPrisoners. In a brig lately arrived at Charleston, from London, there was brought twenty eight ne groes, "taken prisoners during the late war," some of whom were supposed to be slaves. The 4th of March has been observed at many places with public feasts and toasts. The venerable John Adams was a guest at one of these at Boston. Naval-The U. S. frigate Java, captain Perry, has arrived at Newport, and the sloop of war Ontario, Capt. Downes at Annapolis, from the Mediterranean, bearing dispatches from com. Chauncey, who, it is understood, has persuaded the dey of Algiers to recognize the treaty he made with com Decatur, with some unimportant modification. The dey, it is said, respects our nation very highly, but has given com. Chauncey rather to suppose hat he will not observe the treaty any longer than he can help Exmouth's attack seems, (as we supposed it would) to have been of real service to him-hus works for defence are in a much better condition than ever they were, and he was preparing a new navy. squadron, generally, was at Port Mahon, when these vessels left it. Our We have ahead noticed the decease of lieut. Elliot. He died on board the Ontario in October last. MEDITERRANEAN AFFAIRS. A vessel, arrived at Norfolk, brings the following copy of a circular from commodore Chauncey to the Mediterranean consuls: (CIRCULAR.) U. S. ship Washington, Mahon, Jan. 1, 1817. SIR-I am happy to inform you that the treaty of peace and amity was concluded with the dey and regency of Algiers, on the 25th ult. which, in its principal features, is the same as the treaty of June, 1815. Our relations with the other Barbary powers remain as we could wish them, and the American trade has nothing to apprehend from the cruizers of either of those powers. Be pleased to communicate this information to all the American merchants and ship masters with in your district. "Our welcome guest, commodore Barney-So long as bravery shall constitute a trait in the American character, so long will his fame rank high in the annals of his country." On which he arose and addressed the company with "Gentlemen-The honor which you have just conferred on me, claims my sincere thanks. It is the only reward a republican soldier should ask: that independence which I contributed to establish in the revolution, and to maintain in the late war, I am ready to support with the last drop of my blood." At the entertainment by the members of the legislature, the toasts given at which were, indeed, excellent, the following was drank"Commodore Barney, our gallant guest-Two wars, the land and the ocean, bear witness that he is a patriot and soldier.” When this toast was drank, the commodore rose and said, "Gentlemen-The testimony of respect which you have this day given, is doubly dear to me, as coming from the legislature of Kentucky. I had the good fortune to be in seventeen battles during the revolution, in all of which the star-spangled banner triumphed over the bloody cross, and in the late war I had the honor of being engaged in nine battles, with the same glorious result, except in the last, in which I was unfortunate, although not in fault. If there had been with me 200. Kentuckians instead of 7000 Marylanders, Washington City would not have been sacked, nor our country disgraced. tion to become a citizen of Kentucky-and when I "If my arrangements shall permit, it is my intendie, I know that my bones will repose among congenial spirits." TREASURY DEPARTMENT, March 13th, 1817. signed for the payment of such treasury notes, and Notice is hereby given, that funds have been asthe interest thereon, as are now due at the loan of. fice in Boston, in the state of Massachusetts. And the said treasury notes will accordingly be paid, upon the application of the hoiders thereof respectively, at the said loan office in Boston, at I have the honor to be, sir, very respectfully,ny time prior to the 1st day of May, 1817, after your most obedient humble servant, I. CHAUNCEY. To Bernard Henry, esq. U, S. consul, Gibraltar. which day, interest will cease to be payable upon the said treasury notes. WM. H. CRAWFORD, Secretary of the treasury No. 4 OF VOL. XII.] BALTIMORE, SATURDAY, MARCH 22, 1817. Hac olim meminisse juvabit.—VIRGIL. WA PRINTED AND PUBLISHED BY H. niles, at the head of CHEAPSIDE, AT $5 PER ANNUM. $90. RELATIONS WITH SPAIN.-Though the documents | 1000 acres of the richest land, if nobody works it, belonging to our relations with Spain are not im-or of a million in capital unemployed?-neither the portant, they possess a character that demands a land nor the capital can be made useful to the posrecord in the REGISTER-We have therefore used sessor, but through labor; yet these are powerour small type for the purpose, and so arranged ful auxiliaries, perhaps indispensable properties, to the matter as to be concluded in our next paper; in give fullness to its product. But labor is the first succession. The tax-paying nation. principle of wealth, and is the only thing on which we can make a calculation on an occasion like this. It is my deliberate opinion, after a careful examination of the facts within my reach, that the aggre We do not pretend to say what will be the result gate of the laboring classes in the United States is, of the apparent determination of the British people at least, one-fourth more numerous than it is in Engto extort a reform in parliament from their rulers. land. But it is, also, very true that the persons That body now is the most corrupt and corrupting who form those classes with us do not so generally body that ever assembled together; and, as re-labor, nor labor so much, as they do in England, presentatives of the people, is calculated only to ex- when there is employment for them; and, besides, cite the contempt and hatred of every honest and they have a greater extension of labor-saving mareflecting mind, being a mere mockery and abuse of chinery, with a more complete economy in business, an inestimable principle. But we fear that the bay-than we have-and, therefore, the probability is, onet of the government will prove too strong for the that the British laborers may produce quite as much nght of the people; and that, if they will have re-value, per annum, as the American, though the latform, they must have revolution, also. ter is so far the most numerous. It is, also, very The English people have very recently made what certain, that British labor affords articles for exis to them an astonishing discovery-wonderful to port, after supplying the home demand, far more be told, they have found out that in their taxation valuable than those that we have, to spare: this is the real source of their distresses!-Now, this is arises, chiefly, from two causes-1st. because the not so strange as some may, at the first glance, be- American laborer retains a much greater portion of lieve it, if we recollect that, for many years past, his earnings for his own use; and, 2dly, because of poor John Bull has always been looking abroad in the large amount bestowed on the clearing of new stead of attending to his affairs at home. One while lands, in the building of new towns, and in accomhe was hugely tickled with the "Spanish patriots," plishing the thousands of things that belong to a the "Portuguese patriots" and other "patriots"- new and vigorous country-and, as it is in these, and, Bonaparte, the arch-devil, always occupied his perhaps, that labor is more productive of value than attention. Then, after a while, came the affair of in any other way that it can be applied, to increase Waterloo, and John threw up his hat and thought the real wealth of a nation, we have a decided adthat his troubles were at an end, though he smarted vantage over British labor, which may be said, comsorely for it, and saved himself only by accident, or paratively, to have no such employments. But, on treachery, from the most complete thrashing he the whole, we may reasonably conclude that the ever received. But an increase of misery, instead value produced by labor in the United States is, of a relief from exaction, alone remained for John; at least, equal to the value, so produced, in Eng and then his masters told him to never mind him-land-and we may say that there are six millions of self, but to look towards Algiers to see what a terri-the laboring classes in each country, for the sake ble beating old England would give the barbarians. of the calculations that follow, which is conceding This amused him a little, but he saw neither profit a great deal.* nor honor in that business; and, worn out by all sorts of means practised to keep him gaping abroad, he now seems resolved to look into matters at home. He may be deceived again; and my conclusion is, that if he keeps in his present mood (as it is represented to us in the newspapers) his drivers will commence a fight with somebody, and kill off two or three hundred thousand men-just to divert him. It is far better that England should be at war, than that the prince regent, and the royal dukes, and the like, should be compelled to earn their bread as common men. "Gross population of the United States, Deduct For persons out of business, liv. 75,000 40,000 120,000 Clergy, lawyers, physicians, 9,000,000 30,000 -865,000 8,135,000 The aggregate of the classes of productive laborers in the United States is much greater than it is in England, with her millions of paupers and placemen, and pensioners, including the army and navy, &c. Argue the matter in any way, the result must be, that on the quantity of labor performed rests the resources of nations at peace, and indeed, also, ge- It must be observed that the families, the wo. nerady, if at war. It is the only certain source of men and children, are included in these estimates, national wealth-nations of noblemen could no more after the manner of that celebrated statistical wriexist than nations of fiddlers: For of what use is 'ter, Colquhonn, whose statement, for England, is Productive classes, ciety of Friends, or Quakers. Though we have no personal acquaintance with him, we have long been familiar with his excellent character. The facts stated are very interesting; especially as tending to establish the period when the calling of the yeas and nays in legislative bodies(a very important measure, bringing the representative immediately to the view of the constituent) first begun. This has been considered an American practice; but when or where first used is not yet, perhaps, ascertained. Respected citizen, After some rough calculations, I have concluded To the editor-"modern antiquities." that the whole amount of taxes, assessments and The following letter is from a gentleman of the soduties, directly or indirectly paid by the people of the United States, for the actual support of their general and state governments, including county and township rates of every description, may be estimated at about or under twenty five millions of dollars per annum-this takes in the payments for inte rest of the national and state debts; and contains in it a surplus sufficient for the support of all the clergy, &c. Any that will take the trouble to examine this will discover that I have probably rated it high enough The amount, supposing our eight millions of productive classes as being only equal to the six millions in England, and rating them as six millions, In the 10th vol. page 336, I observe the folrequires an annual contribution of four dollars and lowing-"about the year 1683, or 1684, the legis fifteen cents from each, to answer all the purposes of lature of Pennsylvania passed a resolution, that no government-and allowing one of every five of these member thereof should come to the house barefoot, to be a male capable of earning a dollar a day, there is required of him a little more than twenty days laor eat his bread and cheese on the steps"-I know not where thee could have got the information, but bor per annum. believe it to be utterly false. I have their votes and proceedings from the first to the revolutionary war, and know it is not to be found in them; nor is it probable that there were steps to the house-the rent of it annually was only £10-a rent for 24 £60,000,000 members, very moderate even in those happy days 8,000,000 of simplicity and frugality. The expenditures of England (proper) may be thus roughly estimated— For the payment of the interest of the national debt, civil list, army and navy, &c. &c. Poor rates Tythes County rates 5,000,000 5,000,000 £78,000,000 Members of assembly had at that time six shil-/ lings per diem-in 1683, the house met at 7 o'clock in the morning; in 1690, at 6 o'clock in the morning, all present, and in 1693, at 5 o'clock in the morn I believe this is below the amount required. The ing-if some of the information I give is not wantlast item is entirely a guess. The aggregate is three ed, it can do no injury and will be cheap.† hundred and forty-six millions of dollars, per an- In 1685, the first protest against the proceedings num, or fifty-seven dollars sixty-seven cents for of the house, was entered on their votes, or journal. each person of the productive classes, or for every In the same vol. I find that thee wishes to know, maale, (as before, one in five of the whole popula-"when the practice of calling the yeas and nays in tion) two hundred and eighty-eight days labor per an- legislative bodies was first begun." In 1745, the num, at one dollar per day, without including the legislature of Pennsylvania were requested to enamount paid by dissenters for the support of their ter the yeas and nays on the votes of the housethe request, it appears, was not granted. In 1754, is found the first instance of entering the yeas and nays on the said votes or journals. churches, &c. It is admitted, as a fact, by ministerial writers in England, that one half of the wages paid for labor is seized, in one way or another, by the government, and from this statement, it appears undeniably that it must be so. Let the American ponder on these things-and find in them new motives to love his country and guard its institutions. given below. The amounts are only guessed at; but, perhaps, they are not far from the truth-certainly not sufficiently so to affect a general result. Gross population of England, including the army and navy in all parts of the world, 10,747,280 416,000 Civil officers, army, navy, half pay and pensioners, 1,056,000 Clergy, law, physic, 281,000 Universities and schools, 567,937 4,820,937 Productive classes, In 1722, paper money was first made in Pennsyl vania, and agreed that it should be lent to the people in small sums at 5 per cent. interest, and repaid installments-the interest accruing to the province; which almost supported the government. The issuing of paper money was (under Providence) a greater benefit to the province than any other act or proceeding ever had in it. How different from the bank mania now so prevalent, and which will bring down ruin sooner or later. I am pleased to find so useful a book as thy Register edited by a whig. H. Niles, edt. Reg. Baltimore. Manufactures. Copy of a letter from the hon. Thomas R. Gold, a representative in congress from Oneida county, N. Y. to Charles Shaler, esq. dated Washington, Feb. 21, 1816. DEAR SIR-I have read with much satisfaction 5,926,343 the Pittsburg report on the subject of manufactures These items are taken from Colquhoun, except in respect to the paupers-which now is, probably, *I do not recollect where the article alluded to under the real amount estimated, by at least half a first appeared. It was copied from some other pamillion. per, after running through the United States unThere ought, also, to be made a great deduction contradicted; having been originally published as in the comparative amount of labor that the remain-in apposition to some of the "blue laws" of the ing classes can contribute, from the fact that the ar- New-England states. my and navy, in all parts of the world, employs about The gentleman paid the postage of his letter. 300,000 men. [EDITOR It discovers research; and that attention to the sub- | demeanor, and shall be punished and imprisoned ject, for want of which, it has suffered much. Inve- at the discretion of the court in which the convicterate prejudice is to be conquered, and the merits tion shall be had, so as the fine to be imposed, of the question unfolded to the public eye; this be-shall in no case, be more than ten thousand dollars, ing done, the contest is at an end. and the term of imprisonment shall not exceed ten It has been a settled course with Englishmen to years; and every such ship or vessel, with her tac hold up to America bugbears to deter from manufac-kle, apparel and furniture, together with all mas turing. Her writers on political economy insist that terials, arms, ammunition and stores, which may industry should be left to its own course, and ge- have been procured for the building and equipment vernment take no part, while her legislators have thereof, shall be forfeited, one half to the use of swelled the statute book with regulations on trade. any person who ahall give information, and the other Those writers proclaim manufacturing destructive half to the use of the United States. to the human constitution! while her historians and Sec. 2. And be it further enacted, That the own war annalists proclaim the British arms, notwith-ers of all armed ships, sailing out of the ports of standing all their manufactures, as invincible, as the United States, and owned wholly or in part by unpalsied by manufactures. In fine, Britain's citizens thereof, shall enter into bond to the United creed is short: to manufacture for the whole world States, with sufficient sureties, prior to clearing and suffer no nation to manufactnre for her; and I am out the same, in double the amount of the value of sorry to see too many Americans bending them- the vessel and cargo on board, including her armaselves to British policy. It is impossible to shut our ment, that the said ship or vessel shall not be emeyes on the fact, and it is time for every friend to ployed by such owners, in cruising or committing his country to rouse himself and diffuse an Ameri- hostilities or in aiding or co-operating in any warcan spirit. like measure against the subjects, citizens or property of any prince or state, or of any colony, dis trict or people with whom the United States are at peace. Would our own government do for manufactures one half Great Britain has done for hers, to raise them to the present pinacle, we might soon bid defiance to all the efforts to crush our establishments. Sec. 3. And be it further enacted, That the col Based as our government is on popular feeling, I lectors, of the customs be, and they are hereby res behold with pleasure that manufactures are becom- pectively authorised and required to detain any vesing the people's cause, and I will never believe sel manifestly built for warlike purposes and about that the people will manifest less wisdom and at- to depart from the United States, of which the cartachment to manufactures than what we now witness go shall principally consist of arms and munitions of in the continental kingdoms of Europe. Great as their obligations are to Great Britain, those governments are not disposed to sacrifice to English manufactures the interests of their own kingdoms. I am, sir, very sincerely, yours. BRIEF REMARK BY THE EDITOR. The preceding is one of the most pithy and best pointed things we ever saw on the important subject to which it refers, and contains a volume for reflection. We trust that the cause of manufactures will be made the "people's cause"-for the home feeling, about which we have said so much, gathers strength every day; not only because it is right in itself; but also because every day furnishes some new inducement or necessity for it. The "Pittsburg report" alluded to is a very able one in every respect. We have it on our files for publication, and it shall be inserted in the Register when we have furnished the public documents we believe it needful to publish. Laws of the United States. An act more effectually to preserve the neutral relations of the United States. war, when the number of men shipped on board, or other circumstances, shall render it probable that such vessel is intended to be employed by the owner or owners to cruise or commit hostilities upon the subjects, citizens or property of any prince or state, or of any colony, district or people, with whom the United States are at peace, until the decision of the president be had thereupon, or until the owner enters into bond, and sureties to the United States, prior to clearing out the same, in double the amount of the value of the vessel and cargo on board, including her armament, that the said ship or vessel shall not be employed by the owner or owners, in cruising or committing hostili ties, or aiding or co-operating in any warlike measure against the subjects, citizens or property of any prince or state, or of any colony, district or people, with whom the United States are at peace. Sec. 4. And be it further enacted, That if any person shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, increase or augment, or procure to be increased or augmented, or shall be knowingly concerned in increasing, or augmenting the force of any ship of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel, which at the time of her arrival within the United Be it enacted by the senate and house of represen- States, was a ship of war, cruiser, or armed vessel, tatives of the United States of America, in congress in the service of a foreign prince, or state, or of any assembled, That if any person shall, within the li- colony, district or people, or belonging to the submits of the United States, fit out and arm, or attempt jects or citizens of any such prince, state, colony, to fit out and arm, or procure to be fitted out and district or people, the same being at war with any armed, or shall knowingly be concerned in the fur- foreign prince or state, with whom the United nishing, fitting out or arming of any such ship or States are at peace, by adding to the number or vessel with intent that such ship shall be employed size of the guns of such vessels prepared for use, in the service of any foreign prince or state, or of or by the addition thereto of any equipment, sole. any colony, district or people, to cruise or commit, ly applicable to war, every such person, so oftend. hostilities, or to aid or co-operate in any warlike ing, shall upon conviction be adjudged guilty of a measure whatever against the subjects, citizens or misdemeanor, and shall be fined, and imprisoned property of any prince or state, or of any colony, at the discretion of the court in which the convic district or people with whom the United States tion shall be had, so as that such fines shall not are at peace, every such person so offending shall, exceed one thousand dollars, nor the term of in úpon conviction, be adjudged guilty of a high mis- prisonment be more than one year. |