T. A. O'MORCHOE, Clk. Kilternan Rectory, co. Dublin.

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AS SOUND AS A ROACH'S" (11 S. x. 468). -The expression really should be "As sound as a roach," and will be found in most books of proverbs and phrases. Lean in his Collectanea,' ii. 875, quotes it as being from the works of John Gay (16851732), and in a note says that it means as sound as a rock," being a corruption from the French roche. Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable' gives Roach. Sound as a roach (French, Sain comme une roche). Sound as a rock.

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ARCHIBALD SPARKE, F.R.S.L.

The N.E.D.' shows that, far from being novel, this phrase is some hundreds of years old. MR. CECIL CLARKE mentioned a

6

similar use of "bell." The quotation in the N.E.D.' from Gay combines both words: "Hearts sound as any bell or roach."

EDWARD BENSLY. This is a very old saying which any angler will acknowledge as a good simile. The roach is a "live fish, in the market sense, long after it is caught. Brewer says the phrase is a perversion of "Sain comme une roche," but the French say "Frais comme un gardon," and a very old dictionary in my possession gives the popular English equivalent "Sound as a roach.' Larousse says the fish is called " gardon because it lives so long out of water. ARTHUR MORRIS.

Mitre Court, Temple. This has been known to me all my life as used in respect to physical conditions, and I have the impression of having somewhere read that it took its rise from St. Roch, the patron saint of those stricken with the plague, who distributed all his wealth to the poor

66

Augt ye 16th St. Rook's day, said to be bury'd in E. Lavant Chancell and that to be his monument in ye North-wall of ye said Chancell." W. B. H.

The comparison may possibly be postAdamic, but it is certainly not of modern origin. MR. CECIL CLARKE will find something to interest him in 'N. & Q.,' 5 S. ii. 274, 314, 458, 525; iii. 37, 98, 197. ST. SWITHIN.

This was a favourite expression of a doctor I knew well fifty years ago. After examining a patient, if the result was satisfactory, he would congratulate him and say, You are as sound as a roach." A. N. Q.

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[D. O. also thanked for reply.] MADAME DRURY, AGED 116" (11 S. x. 467, 514).—Drury Lane Theatre is here personified as an ancient dame.

After the destruction by fire, in 1672, of the house then standing, the theatre was It flourished for some 117 years, and was rebuilt by Wren, and was opened in 1674. then again rebuilt on a larger scale, and reopened in 1794. H. D. ELLIS.

7, Roland Gardens, S. W.

[H. also thanked for reply.]

66 WE'LL GO TO KEW IN LILAC

TIME

(11 S. x. 490). This is a ballad by Alfred Noyes, and will be found in A Treasury of Verse' (Edgar), pt. iii. p. 9 (Harrap & Co., York Street, W.C.), and in other collections. CHARLOTTE SIMPSON.

EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY KENTISH TOKENS two specimens, differing only in their edges : (11 S. x. 449, 514).Of the first token I have the edge of one reads PAYABLE BY I. GIBBS LAMBERHURST, and the other reads PAYABLE BY I. GIBBS SUSSEX. The same token was thus used both in Kent and Sussex. Of the second token I have three specimens, differing only in their edges: (1) PAYABLE BY W. FRIGGLES GOUDHURST. (2) PAYABLE BY W. FUGGLES GOUDHURST. (3) PAYABLE BY W. MYNS GOUDHURST. The

second is usually found countermarked with a large "F." Of the third token I have one specimen, the edge of which reads PAYABLE BY I. SIMMONS STAPLEHURST. This system of lettering the edges enabled one type of token to be used by several traders. They

A CORDIAL New Year's welcome to our old

From the companion volume we learn that ten new peerages were created during the past Kitchener. The appointments more year besides the Earldom conferred upon Lord ately due to the naval and military operations immedi now in progress are recorded down to the latest possible date before going to press. The names of the newly instituted Sees of Chelmsford, Sheffield, and St. Edmundsbury and Ipswich are also to be found in the alphabetical list. The

Obituary includes the Duke of Buccleuch, Joseph Chamberlain, Viscount Knutsford, and the veteran Field-Marshal Earl Roberts, who died in France "within sound of the guns," and was buried in St. Paul's on the 19th of November. By special remainder the title has passed to his daughter Aileen Mary, born 1870. Two Garters are recorded as having been bestowed, the recipients being the King of Denmark and Earl Beauchamp. One more honoured name must now be added-that of the King of the Belgians, upon whom the Garter was bestowed by our King, almost on the field of battle, during his recent visit to the front.

Some of the contents of the 'Almanack' afford a sad contrast to those of last year. Where we then read about The World's Peace' and the decisions of the Hague Tribunal we have now The Great War' and an account of the suddenness with which it burst upon us. On the 25th of June the British battleships were heartily received on arriving at Kiel for the regatta, and the German Emperor, in the uniform of a British admiral, visited the flagship the King George V.; and on the 4th of August the two nations were at war. A chronicle is given of the operations of the opposing forces both on land and sea.

Some statistics are supplied as to the effect of war upon trade, and these show that, while the trade of the victorious nation improves rapidly, that of the vanquished nation only recovers after a period, which may be short, of severe depression. To take the Franco-Prussian War as an illustration, the exports of France the year before the war were 160,000,000l.; the year after the war, 147,160,000l. The trade of Germany with the United Kingdom the year preceding the war was 18,350,000l., and the year after the war it amounted to 19,260,000l. The close of the South African War initiated a boom in trade; and after the Russo-Japanese War Japan's trade increased by leaps and bounds. The present war, as we all know, has brought the foreign trade of Germany to a standstill; her exports, amounting to 484,000,000l. in 1913, have ceased, except for the small amount taken by neutral countries.

Among the losses to literature and science caused by death are recorded Sir Robert Ball, Mr. S. R. Crockett, Mr. Watts-Dunton, Sir David Gill, Sir John Murray, and Dr. A. Russel Wallace. Two well-known names disappear from the publishing world: Dr. Brockhaus and Mr. Edward Marston, the latter a contributor to N. & Q. The death of Mr. William A. Gordon Hake, aged 103, is also chronicled. Among wills proved were four exceeding a million, the highest being that of Lord Strathcona, which was proved at 4,651,4021.

ON taking over the editorship of the Papers and Proceedings of the above Society Mr. Hautenville Cope begins with a solid and successful number. The excursions of which it gives particulars offer an abundance of interesting detail, and the papers contributed are fairly representative of the kinds of objects with which the Society is occupied. The first paper gives a transcription, with a translation, of the Rental of Wymering. It is followed by Mr. Dale's discussion of Hampshire flints, and then by Capt. Kempthorne's description of the Devil's Highway (the Hampshire portion) and Dr. Williams-Freeman's notes on Roman Roads in South Hants.' Miss Emma Swann has embellished her article on Hampshire Fonts' by delightful illustrations. The histories. connected with Farley Chamberlayne and Monk Sherborne are the subjects of two good articles, by Mrs. Suckling and Miss Florence Davidson respectively. We noticed also Mr. Karslake's 'Silchester,' Mr. W. H. Jacob's Tudor Winchester from Civic MSS.,' and Mr. Ravenscroft's paper on the old Lymington Salterns.

The Library Journal: October and November, 1914. (New York, Library Journal' Office; London, 22, Bedford Street, W.C., 18. 6d. each.) WHEN the War broke out many American librarians were on their way to the Pan-Anglican Library Conference that had been arranged to take place at Oxford. It is now proposed to hold it next year, but "it seems probable that a larger representation could be secured from America two years hence." The idea is to hold it as soon as convenient after the War, for, as the editor of the Journal says, "this is not a people's war, but a war of the general staffs, in which the people suffer. What international bitterness remains will not be among the people who have suffered, the clientele of libraries, but among those in authority who are responsible for the conflict." Both to the October and November numbers Theodore W. Koch, Librarian of the

Mr.

University of Michigan, contributes articles on the Bodleian. He tells his American readers they "must not expect to find here a complete card catalogue of the books in the Bodleian, with a union catalogue of the books in all the other libraries of Oxford, nor a shelf-list made on your own approved plans, nor any system of classification which you mastered in your library school days." Among other articles in the October issue are Library Planning,' by Mr. James I. Wyer, Jun., Director of the New York State Library; and Relation of the Library to the Boy Scout and Camp Fire Girl Movement,' by Miss Elizabeth Manchester.

In the number for November Mr. Joseph L. Wheeler describes the new quarters of the Los Angeles Public Library, opened on the 1st of June. Few public libraries play such a large, vital, and intimate part in the workaday life of the people as this does it circulates 1,600,000 volumes a year, and all the books which the average reader wishes to see are on open shelves. Miss Morrow describes the adventures of the Librarians' party in Northern Europe; Mr. E. L. Antrim reports on library development beyond the Mississippi; and particulars are given of Library Schools.

In

The illustrations in the October number include the Bodleian and the New Administrative Building of the University of Utah, with plan. the November number the new headquarters of the Los Angeles Library and the interior of the main Library at Cleveland are represented.

MR. HUGH SPOTTISWOODE has again let loose his merry band of "Pie men," most of whom have already given us many a delectable dish. As the Pie,' which may be had for a shilling, was baked before the War broke out, we are happy in having it minus any war flavouring. We would, however, put in a plea that in futurePies' we should have a few pretty faces to look at while enjoying the delicacy. Mr. Spottiswoode asks suggest to our readers that, after they have had their fill, the Pie' should be sent on to those who are suffering and fighting for us.

us to

The Cornhill starts the New Year with a good number. The two articles directly dealing with the war are of particular interest. Sir Desmond O'Callaghan in Guns and Explosives in the Great War' gives in a form easily to be understood by the uninitiated, and in handy compass, information which is absolutely necessary for any one who wishes to follow the course of the war with intelligence. No doubt many readers will preserve the paper for reference. Mr. S. P. B. Mais in 'Public Schools in War-Time' also contributes a paper which should be interesting beyond the moment of reading it, and which must prove peculiarly reassuring to the increasing number of thoughtful people who have come to regard with anxiety some of the aspects of Public School life and education. Sir Edward Thackerary offers a few reminiscences-slight indeed, but having the attractiveness of what is first-hand-of W. M. Thackeray between 1850 and 1862; and Sir Henry Lucy, out of his store of recollections, draws sundry pleasant particulars about literary characters of his acquaintance. Tributes to Lord Roberts's memory are two poems by Katharine Tynan and Maud Diver, and a

sketch, with anecdotes illustrating chiefly his kindliness and courtesy, also from the pen of the latter. Sir Edward Clarke, out of his 'Leaves from a Lawyer's Casebook,' retells the striking story of Esther Pay. The "tips" concerning the effect on the jury of the ways of counsel are worth noting. In the Gentlemen Glassmakers' Sir James Yoxall has a fascinating subject which might with advantage have been treated more thoroughly, especially from the point of view of its interesting history on French soil. Col. McMunn provides a handful of exceedingly grim war-stories in At a Border Loophole.' The number begins with the first instalment of Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's Western Wanderings'-appreciations of the United States. The expectations with which the reader will embark on the article are not destined to disappointment. Particularly interesting we found the pages devoted to Mr. William Burns and to the American prison system. The short stories, too, are more worth while than usual. Mr. Erskine's A Crimean Episode '-to which an editorial note attaches the poignancy of truth-has a theme deserving a master's treatment; and we greatly enjoyed Prof. Jacks's racy and humorous 'Poor Man's Pig.'

Notices to Correspondents.

WE have lately received several communications lacking either name for authentication or address, or both. We do not tiresomely make a point of these in the case of old correspondents, whose identity and names and addresses are already well known to us, though these, for the most part, are admirably careful in adhering to our rule. We would, however, remind correspondents-whom we cordially welcomethat on all communications must be written the name and address of the sender, not necessarily for publication, but as a guarantee of good faith.

new

EDITORIAL Communications should be addressed to "The Editor of 'Notes and Queries'"-Advertisements and Business Letters to "The Publishers" at the Office, Bream's Buildings, Chancery Lane, E.C.

B. C. S. (Crooked Usage').—The origin of this name was discussed in 1902 (9 S. x. 147, 253, 417, 474) without a satisfactory conclusion. Our regretted correspondent COL. PRIDEAUX quoted from The Academy, and another contributor from The London County Council Staff Gazette of April, 1902, an explanation of usage as the strip of unturned grass between two allotments of ploughland. It was then presumed that where the passage called Crooked Usage was afterwards made such a strip ran crookedly. No authority, however, was brought forward for this explanation. The name has also been explained as "crooked," because including a continuation which went off at an angle and has been separately named, and " usage "right of way.

MESSRS. C. & H.-Forwarded.

MR. J. A. PAYN.-We have forwarded your communication to the address of our correspondent E. L. F. of whom, however, we have not heard for some time.

27.

LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 9, 1915.

"

CONTENTS.-No. 263. NOTES:-Andertons of Lostock and Horwich, 21-The Literary Frauds of Henry Walker the Ironmonger, 22413 and 414, Strand- Statues and Memorials in the British Isles, 24-"Gazing-room "-"Till," 26-Extraordinary Births-Echoes from the Classics: Barten Holyday - Descendants of Ernest Augustus, Duke of Cumberland Shakespeariana: Measure for Measure, QUERIES:-" Episcopalian" or "Church of England" Retrospective Heraldry-Author Wanted-'Fables des Roys de Hongrie '-Mercers' Chapel, London-Cuthbert Bede, 28-Names on Coffins-Old Etonians - Edward Armitage-" Parasol "-Horse on Column in Piccadilly -The German Raid: Effect of Sound of Firing on Birds -Biographical Information Wanted-Sir Dudley Wyatt, 29 Handley Cross-Barlow-Words of Poem Wanted Shakespeariana: 'All's Well that Ends Well,' 30. REPLIES:-The Slang Dictionary' published by J. C.

Hotten its Author, 30-Thomas Skottowe: Craven County-Authors Wanted - Southey's Works, 31-Sir John Lade: "Black D-"-Barring-out-" Widdicote" Sky-Frescoes at Avignon-Dreanis and Literature Roupell and Thackeray-" Ephesians": a Shakespearian Term, 32-"Spruce "=" Natty "-Elkanah Settle-Clocks and Clockmakers, 33-Farthing Victorian Stamps-Schaw of Sauchie-Mourning Letter-Paper and Black-bordered Title-Pages "Magna est veritas"-The Princess and the Rose-Leaf, 34-" Borstal "-Human Fat as a Medicine"Over the hills and far away"-"Forwhy," 35-Shakespeare Mystery-De Tassis, Spanish Ambassador temp. James I.-The Pronunciation of "ow "-Pavlova-Robert Catesby, Jun., Son of the Conspirator, 36-Dickens and Wooden Legs-"Walloons"-Peter Henham-Lady Ana de Osorio, Countess of Chinchon-A Puritan Ordeal in the Nineteenth Century-Amphillis Washington, 37. NOTES ON BOOKS:-Peter Mundy's Travels in Asia'The Mystery in the Drood Family'-' The Yorkshire Archæological Journal'-'The Nineteenth Century'"The Fortnightly Review '-' English Royal Bindings.' Notices to Correspondents.

Notes.

ANDERTONS OF LOSTOCK AND HORWICH.

MUCH confusion exists as to the authorship of several famous controversial books published under the pseudonym of John Brereley, Priest," in the early part of the seventeenth century. They have been generally ascribed to James Anderton of Lostock, such being the statement in the 'D.N.B.' by Thompson Cooper, F.S.A., in Lowndes's Bibliographer's Manual,' in Baines's History of Lancashire,' and in the British Museum Catalogue. The statement was unquestioned until Mr. Joseph Gillow published his Literary and Biographical History, or Bibliographical Dictionary of the English Catholics,' 1885. In this work Mr. Gillow ascribes the authorship to James Anderton's nephew Lawrence Anderton of

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Since that work was published, however, Mr. Gillow has obtained additional information by reference to several of the original MSS. of John Brereley " which he has purchased. The handwriting and contents of these MSS. prove that the author was undoubtedly Lawrence Anderton. This information was first published in the biographical particulars of Lawrence Anderton in this writer's 'Bibliographia Boltoniensis (Manchester University Press, 1913), thus terminating the doubt which had previously existed.

Lawrence Anderton, born in 1575, was the son of Thomas Anderton of Horwich. He received his rudimentary education at Blackburn Grammar School, and from there entered Christ's College, Cambridge, where, on account of his genius and eloquence, he received the epithet of "silvermouthed Anderton." He seems to have received Protestant Orders, but later became a convert to the Roman Catholic Church. About 1604 he is said to have proceeded to Rome and entered the Society of Jesus. After spending several years teaching in Continental colleges, he returned to Lancashire, to which county his missionary labours were chiefly confined. He was Superior of the Lancashire District in 1621, and probably for some years before. About 1624 he was sent to the mission in London, where he remained until 1641, and then returned to Lancashire, where he died 17 April, 1643.

A secret printing press was established at Lostock Hall for the publication of Catholic literature, and many of his books issued from it. This press was seized by the Bishop of Chester upon the death of his relative James Anderton, 22 Sept., 1613. A new press was then set up by James's brother Roger at Birchley Hall, and this lasted for a considerable period. Below is as complete a list of books written by Lawrence Anderton as I have so far been able to obtain.