To my mind the walls.discovered in Brampton correspond to the walls at present used in our own country, although I admit this holds true in only a rough way. Should I be assuming too much were I to say that these Brampton .walls were once above ground, or at least in some cave or grotto? Their depth in the earth upon discovery might be due to gradual changes that had taken place in the topography and physiography of the neighbourhood. As to any doubt that might arise concerning the survival of the brick walls through so many centuries without wearing away and finally disappearing, I might offer as an example the artificial mounds and walls lately brought to light in North America. These were built during the Pleistocene Age. Or if the Brampton burial walls were constructed in a cave, they very probably were not submerged in earth until recent times, when the

roof of the cave fell in.

Whether the walls were built in a cave or on the surface of the ground, the important fact is that their peculiar construction, in coincidence with the method of burial in New Orleans, brings forth the idea of the topographical changes that have occurred in England. Was the region around Brampton at one time in the vicinity of a large river, or did the sea approach close thereto, making the wall method of burial compulsory? It is for those best fitted in this line of research to determine. KENNETH M. LEWIS.

Short Hills, New Jersey, U.S.

THE LITERARY FRAUDS OF HENRY
WALKER THE IRONMONGER.

(See 11 S. x. 441, 462, 483, 503.)

10. (a) SEVERALL SPEECHES DELIVERED
CONFERENCE
A

AT
POWER

"Whereunto is also added a new and perfect arbor or genealogie of the descents of all the kings and princes of England from the Conquest down to this day, whereby each man's pretence is made more plaine. Directed to the right honourable the Earle of Essex, of her Majesties privie councell & of the noble order of the GarterPublished by R. Doleman. Imprinted at N. with License. MDXCIIII."

The origin and history of this book have been exhaustively treated by the Rev. J. H. Pollen, S.J., in a paper entitled 'The Question of Queen Elizabeth's Successor,' printed in The Month for May, 1903. Father Pollen seemed to incline to the view that its printer, Verstegan, poet and antiquary, was its author, rather than Father Persons, though I understand that he has since somewhat modified his opinion. The work is a learned one, but met, and still meets, with condemnation on all sides, both Catholic and Protestant. What is quite certain is that no controversial work ever had a stranger after-history. The full title of Walker's piracy deserves citation, if only to show how he succeeded in changing the original object of the book ::

"Severall Speeches delivered at a Conference concerning the power of Parliament to proceed against their King for misgovernment.

"In which is stated :

"I. That government by blood is not by Law of Nature or divine, but only by human and positive laws of every particular Commonwealth, and may upon just causes be altered.

II. The particular forme of monarchies and CONCERNING THE kingdomes, and the different lawes whereby they OF PARLIAMENT TO PROCEED are to be obtained, holden and governed, in AGAINST THEIR KING FOR MISGOVERN- divers countries, according as each CommonMENT.' wealth hath chosen and established.

PUBLISHED on 3 Feb., 1648, nearly a whole year before the King was beheaded, and professing (inferentially) to be a report of a conference between the Lords and the Co nmons about taking action against the King, this book is the most important fraud in English history. It is usually catalogued to the Jesuit Father Robert Persons, or Parsons, who, or Verstegan, wrote the original book, of which this was a piracy. The original is a rare work, owing to the steps taken to suppress it when it was published. The following is the title of the

kings, and yet how divers of them have been "III. The great reverence and respect due to lawfully chastised by their Parliaments and Commonwealths for their misgovernment, and of the good and prosperous successe that God hath commonly given to the same.

"IV. The lawfulnesse of proceeding against Princes; what interest Princes have in their subject's goods or lives; how oathes do binde or may be broken by subjects towards their Princes, and, finally, the difference between a good King and a tyrant.

admitting to their authority & the othes [sic] "V. The coronation of Princes and manner of which they doe make in the same, unto the Commonwealth, for their good government.

Perfect Occurrences, 21-28 Jan., 1647/8 most popish and treasonable positions that ever (p. 393):

66

publisher a very weak man, and those that set him
on the work none of the wisest in employing so
simple an animal in a businesse of so great con-
cernment; we shall instance but in one passage.
Old Dolman, or Parsons, had said in the year
1594 that many were then living who had seen
the severall coronations of King Edw. the 6
Queen Mary, and Queen Eliz. and could wit-
nesse, &c. Now our young Dolman, or Walker,
for that is the wiseman's name, supposing that all
these people were alive still that were old men
54 years agoe, like a true transcriber affirmeth
confidently, without the variation of a letter, in
pag 43 of his addition, that many are yet living
in England that have seen the severall coronations
of King Edw. the 6, Queen Mary and Queen Eliz.,
to which he also addeth King James and King
Charls, because they were crowned since.
this, we confesse, is new in him."

And

There is a great deal of comment on this book in Prynne's 'Speech' of 4 Dec., 1648, but I do not set it out because Prynne does The Man in not mention Walker's name. the Moon for 27 June-4 July, 1649, says that Cromwell

the substance of what was written and published by Father Parsons, the Jesuit, under the name of Doleman, for ends best known to themselves, but justly suspected to be no way for the freedom of the English nation, may give the greater occasion for the wisdom of later times to prevent those commotions towards confusion as might seem to threaten a second part of that horrid design of the Gunpowder treason, November 5. 1805."

The motive of this and of his attempt to stigmatize the Royalists as equally guilty with Guy Fawkes is shown by Walker's remark, made apropos of nothing at all, and simply slipped in among his general news in his Perfect Proceedings, No. 293, for 3-10 May, 1655 (last page): I think we may beg his highnesse to take the Crowne."

66

Finally, Father Persons's unlucky book was reprinted in 1681, in order to support the enemies of James, Duke of York, afterwards James II. Never was there such an unlucky book for the House of Stuart. J. B. WILLIAMS.

(To be continued.)

A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF THOMAS

"hired that factotum of villainous impostur-
isme, Walker, with 301., to reprint a book of one
Doleman's, a jesuit (that was formerly hang'd,
drawn and quarter'd for the same) to justifie that
unparallel'd and inhuman murder of butchering
the King. The said book is new dipped by our
blest reformers and entituled Severall Speeches,'
&c [ut supra], and these coppies were cunningly
conveyed into the hands of Bradshaw and the
regicides as a catechism to instruct them in the (See
devil's horn book, written in bloody characters, of
the murdered Saints and servants of God. And
the seeds of this crop of villainy was by perjur'd
Noll committed to the care of that saffron bearded
Judas, Walker, a villain sold to work mischief,
tell lyes and print and divulge their rogueries.
One that I am persuaded that for all parts in the
science of Schisme cannot be matched in the
three kingdomes. Nay not in Christendome, nor
in Europe.'

HOLCROFT.

11 S. x. 1, 43, 83, 122, 163, 205, 244, 284, 323, 362, 403, 442, 484.)

1798. [Never published.]

Indian Exiles.'

Under this title Holcroft projected, attempted, and completed a translation of Kotzebue's play Die Indianer in England (1791). That Holcroft wrote such a play is fairly certain from the evidence of the 'Memoirs,' where there are definite statements concerning the work. On 12 Oct., 1798 (p. 196), he wrote:

"Finished translating the first act of Kotzebue's Indian in England,' which has employed me five or six days; and as I intend essentially to alter the character of Samuel or Balaam, more time will be employed in a revisal. This character has keeping in the original, but not enough of the vis comica.'

On the 16th (p. 198) he wrote: Finished
translating the second act of the Indian.'"
On the 19th (p. 198) he "finished translating
On 14 Nov. (p. 201) he
the 'Indian.””
wrote two songs for 'The Exiles,' the
second of Balaam and the first of Harry."
Two days later comes the entry :-

:

"Read the first act and part of the second of 'The Indian Exiles' to Bannister; and am convinced by the effect it produced upon him that I doubt how it is too dull for representation. far it is worth the trouble of alteration."

I list another play of the same title :(3) "The East Indian : a comedy, in five acts. As Performed at the Theatre-Royal, Drury-Lane. By M. G. Lewis, Esq. M.P. Author of THE MONK, CASTLE SPECTRE, &c. [Quotation from Juvenal, Sat. 5.] London: Printed by J. Davis, Chancery Lane; for J. Bell, No. 148, Oxford Street. M.DCCC."

This production was acted at Drury Lane, 22 April, 1799, for Mrs. Jordan's benefit, and 1 May, 1799, for the benefit of Mr. and Mrs. Powell, and was the only play of that name to get on the stage at that period.

I had a great deal of trouble in finding a copy to examine and compare with Kotzebue. But it was immediately obvious that Lewis's is not a translation at all, but an independent piece, written before he was 16, partly derived from the novel of Sidney Biddulph, and produced at a benefit, as worthless plays by pleasant people often were in those days. The Preface tells its own story; but this can be verified in 'The Life and Correspondence of M. G. Lewis,' 1839, 1: 70.

66

(1801), which was put forward under the
name of Herbert Hill, contained a song in
the third act by "Monk" Lewis; and that
the literary M.P. also wrote the Epilogue of
Knave or Not?' (1798.) On these bases,
my friend would have me assume that Lewis
stood for Holcroft as the author of the piece.
I have not yet looked very closely into the
subject, have not even sought to verify
Lewis's knowledge of German; but I con-
sider such an assumption quite improbable.
However much Holcroft might have per-
mitted Mrs. Inchbald, Mr. Joseph Marshall,
and Mr. Herbert Hill to stand for pieces
while they were on the stage, he would
have published the play as his or her own.
scarcely have permitted any of them to
"The Deserted Daughter,' The German
Hotel,' and 'Deaf and Dumb' were printed
anonymously. So, since Holcroft's
moirs and Lewis's 'Correspondence' agree,
and the plays differ, my ingenious friend
must be wrong.

66

Me

The only hope which I entertain of seeing Holcroft's translation rests on discovery of of the identity of the the original manuscript, or on establishment translation, by an anonymous hand," noted by the Biographia Dramatica.' I have not yet been able to examine this translation.

As far as I have been able to discover, the croft forms the only excuse-very scant it unpublished and unacted translation by Holseems-for Prof. Alois Brandl's phrase Kotzebue-Uebersetzer Holcroft in' Coleridge und die Englische Romantik,' Berlin, 1886, p. 179.

66

ELBRIDGE COLBY. Columbia University, New York City. (To be continued.)

:

THE PROLOGUE TO JONSON, CHAPMAN, AND MARSTON'S EASTWARD HOE':Not out of envy, for there's no effect Where there's no cause; nor out of imitation, For we have evermore been imitated; Nor out of our contention to do better Than that which is opposed to ours in title, For that is good; and better cannot be. On the ground of the "tone of arrogant assumption in these opening lines of the Prologue to Eastward Hoe,' Mr. Bullen (Marston's 'Works,' iii. 5) would attribute its authorship to Jonson, an attribution which seems to Prof. F. E. Schelling (' Eastward Hoe,' &c., Belles-Lettres Edition, p. xii)

Aside from these three, the 'Biographia Dramatica' lists (2: 183, No. 116) a play of the same title as Lewis's, a translation, by an anonymous hand, from the same original. 8vo, 1799." Holcroft's piece, amid the Kotzebue stampede of the time, may have simply dropped away. An ingenious friend of mine has pointed to the facts that Holcroft was at that time (1798-1800) publishing"altogether likely.' anonymously, for reasons which are indi- The tone is no doubt confident, but the cated in the discussion of The German generous praise of the play " opposed to ours Hotel' (1790); that 'Deaf and Dumb' in title (Dekker and Webster's Westward

Hoe ') seems far removed from the "arrogant assumption" of superiority to his fellow-dramatists characteristic of Jonson. Such unqualified praise of his competitors is, indeed, utterly unlike him, and for this reason alone it is difficult to believe that this Prologue can be his.

There can be little doubt that Chapman's was the hand that penned it. Compare his Prologue to Bussy D'Ambois':—

Not out of confidence that none but we
Are able to present this tragedy,
Nor out of envy at the grace of late
It did receive, nor yet to derogate

From their deserts, who give out boldly that
They move with equal feet on the same flat,
Neither for all, nor any of such ends
We offer it, gracious and noble friends,
To your review; we, far from emulation,
And (charitably judge) from imitation,
With this piece entertain you, &c.

Eastward Hoe' was first printed in 1605,
Bussy D'Ambois' in 1607, the Prologue to
the latter first appearing in the second
quarto of 1641. It would seem as if Chap-
man had deliberately chosen his earlier
Eastward Hoe' Prologue as a model for
that of the later play. Had the author of
Bussy D'Ambois' been addicted to borrow-
ing, their close resemblance would carry but
little weight. But as none of the Eliza-
bethan dramatists is less open to charges of
imitation or plagiarism, the evidence of
identity of authorship could scarcely be
more conclusive.
Enfield.

H. DUGDALE SYKES.

kind as to promise Encouragement to so useful an
Art, in its Infancy esteem'd by the Learned of
Divine Institution; the first Thing committed to
the Press there, is intitled, CHRIST, a Christian's
Life: Or, A Practical Discourse on a Believer's
Life Derived from CHRIST, and Resolved into
of
Being the Substance several
CHRIST.
SERMONS preach'd by the Author upon his
Recovery of a Fit of Sickness, and since extracted
from him by the Importunity of Friends. By the
late Rev. Mr. JOHN GAMMON. Corrected and
Recommended by Several DIVINES. Now faith-
fully Translated into WELCH from the 5th. and
last Edition of the English......N.B. Several other
Pieces of Divinity are preparing for the Encourage-
ment of the said Press."

This work is not recorded in Rowlands's 'Cambrian Bibliography,' though the titles of three works printed at Pontypool in 1740 are entered there (Nos. 8, 11, 16), each stating that the book was printed by the new printing press (Argraphwyd yn yr Argraph-Wasg The advertisement above Newydd ").

speaks of the Farleys having set up their press at the instigation of some of the inhabitants of Wales, and possibly Miles Harry was one of those interested.

There are four editions of Gammon's 7 Christ a Christian' in the British Museum, the earliest being dated in the Catalogue (? 1680), but the Welsh translation is not one. There is not a copy in the Bodleian, the National Library of Wales, or in the Welsh Neither Col. Bradney Collection at Cardiff. nor Mr. John Ballinger was aware of the Farleys having been connected with Pontypool until their attention was drawn to the advertisement. Perhaps some reader of ‘N. & Q.' may be able to locate a copy of this translation of Gammon's book. ROLAND AUSTIN.

Gloucester.

introduced this phrase into the second line of his 'Vanity of Human Wishes,' his editors Soame Jenyns's Epistle to Lord Lovelace tell us that it was suggested to him by

"FROM CHINA TO PERU."-When Johnson

:

(1735):

PRINTING AT PONTYPOOL.-Col. J. A. Bradney in a paper on Rare and EarlyPrinted Books relating to Monmouthshire (Journal of the Welsh Bibliographical Society, i. 169-80), states that "the first printing press established in Monmouthshire was one at Pontypool, belonging to Miles Harry, the minister and founder of the Baptist Chapel at Pen-y-garn, near that town, in 1727," and, so far as he was aware, the only books printed at this press were religious works, and all of them in Welsh. Col. Bradney also says that the first book was an answer It may be worth noting, therefore, that to some remarks of George Whitefield, the Johnson's phrase occurs in full in Sir William founder of the Methodists. essay In connexion Temple's an 'Of Poetry,' with this it is of interest to note the following whose concluding sentence was so much advertisement, which was printed in The admired by Johnson's friend Oliver GoldGloucester Journal of 29 July, 1740:— smith that he more than once, we are told, before the end of the essay Temple writes :adopted it as his own. A couple of pages

"Whereas the Art and Mystery of PRINTING being now Established in the Town of PONTY. POOL, in the County of Monmouth, by SAMUEL and FELIX FARLEY, Printers, in the City and County of BRISTOL, at the Instigation of many worthy Gentlemen of the said Town and other parts of the Principality of Wales, who are so

The wonders of each region view
From frozen Lapland to Peru.

essay

"What honour and request the ancient poetry has lived in, may...be observed from the universal reception and use in all nations from China to Peru."

G. C. MOORE SMITH.