decision-making to the local communities, women should be encouraged to participate in the local governmental pro cesses. HUD, by providing information, by eliciting systematic participation in policy development and by strategic funding of appropriate projects, can help assure that women's new role will be underpinned by skill and understanding as much as it is by commitment. We, therefore, recommend that HUD encourage and support - local monitoring of public agency enforcement litigation efforts to achieve compliance with workshops for licensing bodies, public school Finally, on the National level, we strongly recommend that (1) to review the findings and recommendations of this Project; (2) (3) to describe HUD's program for carrying out its responsi- to elicit their support in affirmative efforts at the women. We began this Report with the suggestion that the problem of women and housing in this country is more than simply one of discrimination in the strict legal sense of disparate treatment by a landlord or broker or mortgage lender. It is that too. But more bluntly and basically, it is a problem of woman's historical and continuing exclusion, largely unperceived, from power over the institutions which control the Nation's housing stock and related shelter-services. Its consequences, for women and for men, are not yet fully understood. Some, but hardly all, are identified here. We end this Report with the recommendation that this exclusion be reversed; that power be shared as the predicate to ending sex bias in housing. But this will not just happen. It will be the result of women working together pursuing political strategies as well as employing appropriate legal and other tactics. For some women and for some women's organizations, this will require a new self-perception, a rejection of some old assumptions, embracing new allies, and an unfamiliar involvement in social change. For others already in the struggle, this will mean only an expanded agenda. Yet HUD need not be shy to help this process out of self-interest if not out of the conviction that government, too, can work for our common liberation and for justice. NOTES for Chapter 6 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Note, "Pioneering Approaches to Confront Sex Bias in Housing" Babcock, Freedman, Norton and Ross, Sex Discrimination and the Mandelker and Montgomery, eds., Housing in America: Problems and Perspectives (1973), quoting Coleman Woodbury's definition of housing at p.5. Testimony of Edith Witt, San Francisco Hearing, 83. Lucy Komisar, "Where Feminism Will Lead: An Impetus for Social Consuelo Nieto, "Chicanas and the Woman's Rights Movement", Helen B. Andelin, Fascinating Womanhood, (Bantam, March 1975) 9. 10. 11. 12. Leon H. Mayhew, Law and Equal Opportunity: A Study of the Testimony of Mary Hartman NOW representative, Atlanta U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, Federal Civil Rights Enforcement Effort, 1970, pp. 445 et seq.; U. S. Commission on Civil Rights, Federal Civil Rights Enforcement Effort, 1974, vol. II, pp. 30 et seq; Note, "Racial Discrimination in the Private Sector: Five Years After", 33 Md. Law Rev. 288, 301 (1973); League of Women Voters Education Fund, What Ever Happened to 1730 M Street, N. W. Washington, D. C. 20036 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. Copies of these 10 Regulations can be secured from the U.S. League of Women Voters Education Fund, supra Note 12, at 56. Ibid., pp.56, 59. Janice Law Trecker, "Women in United States History High Many of the references are cited in Tanya Neiman, "Teaching Woman Her Place: The Role of Public Education in the Development of Sex Roles", 24 Hastings Law Rev. 1191 (1973). William A. Blakey, "Everybody Makes the Revolution: Some 19. 20. Quoted in Budd and Lee, cited in Note 16, at p.iii. E. Marshall and A. Sheriffs, Children's Letters to God (1966), quoted in Neiman, cited in Note 17, p.1191. Appendix A HOW WE CONDUCTED THE PROJECT The Women and Housing Project was carried out under an agreement between the National Council of Negro Women, Inc., and the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development. The contract period was one year: July 1, 1974, to June 30, 1975. The Women and Housing Project had two objectives. first, as stated in the contract schedule to H-3734, was ... to obtain a solid reference work on discrimination of women in the housing market. This data is to be used by HUD's E.0. staff, the courts and all other persons involved in expanding fair housing and educating the public to the effects of discrimination." The Equally important, the Project sought to encourage, at the local level, a continuing private sector thrust directed at eliminating discrimination based on sex in five major metropolitan areas - Atlanta, St. Louis, San Antonio, San Francisco and New York City. To accomplish these goals, the Project Design called for: (1) (2) (3) Establishing an ad hoc Commission on Women and Housing to provide the nucleus of a new constituency at the local level whose goal is to expand housing opportunities under the Federal law prohibiting sex discrimination. Carrying out local field research to identify Conducting a local public Hearing in each city |