ABERDEEN, Earl of, prime minister, | Amusements stopped by Puritans.
"Addled" parliament, the, 203 Addington succeeds Pitt as prime minister, 360; resigns, 365 Afghanistan invaded by British, 417; rising of people, 418; retreat from, 418; second invasion, 419; third in- vasion, 456
Aghrim, battle of, 284 Agincourt, battle of, 107
Agriculture, improvements in, 343 Aidan, mission of, 16
Akbar Khan, commander of the Afghans, 418
"Alabama," the privateer, 448 Albert of Saxe-Coburg, becomes husband of Victoria, 413; plans the exhibition of 1851, 425
Alexander II., Emperor of Russia, 434
Anderida, site of, 9 Angevin kings, 55
Angles, their origin, 7; conquest by, 10; and "angels," 14 Anjou, 55
Anne, Queen, succession settled on, 291, 294; popularity of, 295; reign,
– of Cleves, married to Henry VIII., 154; divorced, 155
Anselm, appointed archbishop of Canterbury, 42; exiled, 43; is re- conciled with Henry I., 44 Anti-corn-law League, 420 Antwerp, expedition against, 376 Arabs, the, at Jerusalem, 56 Archbishop, choice of a, against king's will, 60 Arcot, defence of, 324
Alexander III., King of Scotland, Arkwright, inventions of, 344
Arlington, minister of Charles II., 254, 256
Armada, the preparation of, 180; de- feat of, 184; its destruction, 185 Army, the feudal, 48; mercenaries of Henry VIII., 139; under Crom- well, 234; under Charles II., 246 Arnold, brewer to James II., 275 Arthur, princes named, 58, 136 Arundel, Earl of, 100
Ashley, minister of Charles II., 254 Athelstan, 23
Augustine, St., first archbishop of Canterbury, 16
Austria opposes Russia, 427
-, duke of, arrests Richard I., 57
BABINGTON Conspiracy, 180
Bacon, Francis, 209
Badajoz, eapture of, 381
Baffin's Bay, discovery of, 175
Balaclava, battle of, 430
Bonaparte-Continued.
369; in Spain, 373; in Russia, 382; fall, 384; exile, 386
Boston, tea thrown overboard at, 330; battle near, 332 Bosworth, battle of, 129
Balliol, John, crowned King of Scot- Boulogne, camp at, 365
land, 76; deposed, 76
Ballot act, 453
Bannockburn, battle of, 82
Bantry Bay, French fleet at, 358 Baptists in Cromwell's army, 234 "Barebones" parliament, 241 Barnet, battle of, 123
Beachy Head, battle of, 284
Bow, use of the, 77
Boyne, battle of the, 284 Braddock, General, 317 Breda, eace of, 254 Bretigny, peace of, 89
Bribery, cases of, 306, 396
Bridgewater canal, 343
Bright, John, aids Anti-corn-law League, 420
Becket, Thomas, becomes archbish- Brindley, James, introduces canals,
Berlin, treaty of, 456
Bible, translations of the, 147, 196 Bishops abolished in Scotland, 223
- the Seven, 274 Black Death, the, 41 Black Hole, the, 324
Black Prince, his bravery, 87; cru-
Black Sea, naval war in, 427; Russia
not to have a fleet in, 434
Blake, Admiral, 241
Blanketeers, the, 389
Blenheim, battle of, 295
Blockade-runners, 447
Blood-feud, 12
Bloody Assizes, 269 Blücher, 387
Boleyn, Anne, married to Henry
VIII., 144; beheaded, 149 Bolingbroke, Lord, 301
-, Henry of, 100 [see Henry IV.] Bombay, 323
Bonaparte, Napoleon, rise of, 351; in Egypt, 355; becomes civil ruler, 361; plan for invading England, 366; exclusion of British goods,
Burghley, Lord, minister of Eliza- | Catesby, plot of, 199
Burgoyne, surrender of, 333
Burgundy, Duke of, murder of, 111
Burke, Edmund, wisdom of, 328 Byng, Admiral, 317
Byron, Lord, death of, 398
CABAL ministry, 254
Cabinet, origin of the, 300 Cabot, voyages of, 174
Cabul occupied by British army, 417; insurrection at, 418; retreat from, 419; re-occupied, 419 Cade, Jack, rebellion of, 115 Cadiz, expedition against, under Elizabeth, 181, 189; under Charles I., 214
Calais, siege of, 87; loss of, 164
Calcutta, foundation of, 323; seized by natives, 325
California visited by Drake, 174
Catherine of Arragon, married to Henry VIII., 137; divorce of, 142, 144 Catholic Association, 395 Catholics, persecution of, under Elizabeth, 177; conspiracy of, against James I., 199; toleration promised, 212; refused. under Charles II., 255; persecution under Charles II., 260; preferred to Puri- tans, 263; illegal toleration by James II., 271; are represented at Oxford, 273; tolerated under Wil- liam III., 279; persecution in Ire land, 284; partial emancipation, 357; further efforts for, 360, 395; final success, 400
Cato Street conspiracy, 392 Cavalier" parliament, 247
| Cavaliers, the, 232 Cawnpore, siege of, 437 Caxton, 124
Campbell, Sir Colin, commands in Charles I., plan to marry the Infanta,
Campbell, Thomas, quoted, 362 Camperdown, battle of, 355 Canada, conquest of, 319 Canals, introduction of, 343 Candia offered to England, 427 Canning, George, his effort against Napoleon, 370, 372; withdraws from ministry, 377; his liberal for- eign policy, 392; favors Catholic emancipation, 395; becomes prime minister, 398; opposes parliamen- tary reform, 397; death, 398 Canning, Lord, governor-general of India, 437; his moral courage, 439 Cannon, introduction of, 130 Canterbury, first archbishop of, 16 Cape St. Vincent, battle of, 351 Cardigan, Lord, 430
Carisbrook castle, Charles I. impris- oned at, 236
Carr, Robert, 202
Cartagena, ransom of, 179 Castles destroyed, 48
204; visit to Madrid, 210; failure of plan, 211; marries Henrietta Ma- ria, 212; becomes king, 213; quar- rel with Parliament, 214, 215; his forced loans, 215; war with Spain, 214; -- with France, 216; assents to Petition of Right, 216; quarrels with Puritans, 217; about taxes, 219; governs without a parlia- ment, 219; imprisons parliamen- tary leaders, 219; offends Puritans, 220; legal persecution by, 220; levies ship-money, 221; marches against Scotland, 223; efforts to raise money, 224; war with Scotch, 225; sets up his standard, 231; sur- renders to the Scotch, 235; escape, 236; trial and death, 237 Charles II., crowned in Scotland, 289; defeat and escape, 239; becomes king, 244; character, 244; religion, 246; means of getting money, 253; accepts it from French king, 255, 267; death, 267
Charles V., Emperor, and Henry | Clergy [see Monks, Popes], reve
Charles VI., Emperor, claimant to Spanish crown, 293, 298, 302
Charles V. of France, 92 Charles VI. of France, 107 Charles VII. of France, 111 Charles X. of France, 402 Charles II. of Spain, 293 Charles IV. of Spain, 371 Charles Albert of Sardinia, 444 Charles Edward, 311-314 Charters, confirmation of the, 79 Chartists, the, 410, 423; their peti- tion, 424
Chatham, first Earl of, popular and honest, 318; success as war-minis- ter, 319 resignation, 326; speech against peace with America, 334; death, 334
-, second Earl, 376 Chaucer, 98
Chichester, Sir A., 201
Chimneys, introduction of, 170 Chivalry, 88
nues taken, 42; their character, 50; not subject to civil courts, 50; property seized, 61; taxation of, by Pope, 67; refuse civil taxes, 79; civil offices filled by, 92; idleness 142; permitted to marry, 158; tri als of, 220
Clifford, minister of Charles II., 254 256
Clive, Robert, 323-325 Cnut, 27
Coal, inaccessibility of, 343 Coalition ministries, 337, 426 Cobden, Richard, agitation against corn duties, 420, 422; negotiates commercial treaty with France,
Colonies [see America], develop- ment of, 315
Commerce [see Free Trade], early,
4; development of, 170; with Spanish colonies, 308; British com- merce injured by Napoleon, 369 Commercial treaties, 339, 446
Christianity, introduced, 6, 14; its Commons, House of [see Reform],
origin, 78; corruption in, 306, 337; proceedings made public, 338 Commonwealth, the, 238 Communion-table, position of, 220 Compurgation, 13 Comyn, murder of, 79 Connaught, Irish driven to, 238 Conservatives, the name, 406 Conspiracy law, 351
Copenhagen, battle of, 361 Corn laws, 416, 419 Cornwallis, Lord, surrender of, 335; in Ireland, 360 Cotton famine, 448
Counties, origin of names of, 10 Courts of law [see Juries], early, 11; reform in, 49; injustice of, 51, 120 Covenant, the, 223
Cranmer, Thomas, divorces Queen Catherine, 144; is burned for here-
Discovery, voyages of, 174
Crime [see Punishment], compensa- Dispensing power, 271 tion for, 12
Crimean war, origin, 427; bad gene- ralship and management of Brit- ish, 430; sufferings of troops, 431; blunders, 432; hospitals, 432 Criminal-law reform, 388, 393 Cromlechs, 4
Crompton, his invention, 345 Cromwell, Oliver, rise of, 234; de- feats the Scotch, 237; subdues Ireland, 238; and Scotland, 239; church and foreign policy, 241; unpopularity, 241; refuses title of king, 242; death, 242 Cromwell, Richard, 243 Cromwell, Thomas,
cruelty of, 152; his fall, 154 Cross, sign of the, 196
Crown, the, not hereditary, 11, 58; increase of power, 122; regular succession set aside to insure order, 128; act of settlement, 294 Cruelty [see Persecution], of Will- iam I., 39; of nobles, 46; of John, 59; of Henry VIII., 151; of Star Chamber, 220; in Ireland, 229, 358; of Jeffreys, 270; of English troops, 311
Crusades, the, 55 Culloden, 313
Cumberland, Duke of, 313
Disraeli, Benjamin, a leader of the Protectionists, 426; and of the Conservatives, 442; prime minister,
Dissenters [see Lollards, Puritans, etc.], 248; their unpopularity, 295; office-holding by, 296; persecution of, 301, 303; relief of, 304, 398 Distress in 1819-20, 387 Domesday Book, 40 Dost Mohammed, 417, 419 Dover, treaty of, 255 Drake, Sir Francis, voyages of, 172, 173; in West Indies, 179; in Spain, 181; and the Armada, 183, 185: death, 187 Drogheda, 238
Duncan, Admiral, 354 Dundee, Lord, 280 Dunkirk acquired, 241 Dunstan, 24 Dupleix, 323
Dutch [see Netherlands], wars with, 240, 251, 253, 256; peace, 254; treaty,
Dutch Guards, 292 Duties, see Impositions, Tonnage
EAST ANGLIA, 10
East India Company, 322 Eastern Question, 414, 455 Edgar, 21
Edgehill, battle of, 232
Danes, invasion by the, 19; defeated | Edinburgh, riot at, 223; occupied by
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