Bun." : hand?' tion as the cubes of their mean distances from the to the other, through the various scenes of conquest||tute a distinct estate in Parliament. But the princi Take for example the Earth and Mars, whose and desolation which seem necessary to have produ.ple is false. If they did constitute a distinct es periods are in the proportion of 3652564 to 6869796,ced the effects we contemplate. We might question tate, they must have a negative voice, as every other and whose distance from the sun is that of 100000 history; but we would receive no answer, as to the of the distinct estates have. Their having it not, to 152369; and it will be found by any one who will events and characters which the lapse of three thou-shows they are no such distinct estate."—[Times.! take the trouble to go through the calculation, that-sand years has thrown into an impenetrable obscurity. Specimen of Irish Reasoning.-"Och! Grace, (3652564)2: (6869796)2:: (100000)3 (152369)3.- Surrounded with darkness, we grope our way amidst honey, it would do your heart good to hear the fune [Sir J. Herschel on Astronomy--Cabinet Cyclop.] superb structures, dedicated to gods and heroes discourse I heard fron Tim Fogarty, the schoolmas Instinct, &c. of Birds.-1. When the offspring whose names make but a faint impression on our ter at Abbey side, whin he was converting Dick require, for some time, the attention and industry of ears; and we satisfy ourselves with the conclusion, Nowlan. Dick, like a poor ignorant creathure as both parties to support them, animals are found to that a great people had existed there before the era he is, said that the Protestant religion was the best, pair; but, in cases where the female alone is able of recorded time, whose literature and philosophy for says he, Isn't it the reformed religion, and a'n't to raise her progeny, the sexual intercourse is pro- have been outlived by their architectural monu- ye all crying ont for reform from morning till night, miscuous. The affectionate attention of the parents ments. [Edinburgh Cabinet Library, No. XII. Nu- and here's a reformed religion ready made to your is always adapted to the condition of their bia and Abyssinia.] young, Wey then bad luck to you, ye spalpeen,' and is continued towards them till they are capable Conscience.-Had God been an unrighteous Being says Tim, sure the Roman is the only old thrue to provide for themselves. Man is a pairing animal.himself, would he have given to this, the obviously faith; didn't you see or hear of Paul's Epistle (which Some quadrupeds pair, and pairing is common among superior faculty in man, so distinct and authoritative means a letther) to the Romans?" Yis, I did, sure the feathered tribe. In winter, indeed, birds in gen- a voice on the side of righteousness? Would he enough,' says Dick. Well, then,' says Tim, 'did eral are without any fixed habitations; and many have so constructed the creatures of our species as ye ever see or hear of Paul, or any other of the saints, kinds of them appear in general flocks without any to have planted in every breast a reclaiming witness writing a letter to the Protestants? Now, Dick, particular attention of one individual to another.|| against himself? Would he have thus inscribed on what have you got to say?' Faith, Grace honey, On the return of spring, however, the scene chan- the tablet of every heart the sentence of his own con- that foolish fellow, Dick Nowlan, was dumb found. ges. The general society is dissolved, and many demnation; and is not this just as unlikely as that ed, and could not say bo to a goose; and who after partnerships, consisting each of a male and female, he should have inscribed it in legible characters that, could doubt the Roman Catholic religion being are formed. The pair fix on a substantial spot, and on the forehead of each individual? Would he the only thrue one; and who could help wishing to by their joint labor construct a habitation. 2. Most have so fashioned the workmanship of his own convert the good masther and Parson Disney, and birds prepare the nests with much care; and many hands; or, if a God of cruelty, injustice, and false. the rest of the good people, to it ?"-[The Re. of them discover ingenuity in the design and neat. hood, would he have placed in the station of master pealers.] ness in the execution. But the ingenuity and neat- and judge that faculty which, felt to be the highest in How are the Stars the Poetry of Nature?-Not ness belong to the species, and in no degree charac. our nature, would prompt a generous and high-mind-certainly on account of their visible splendor: for the terize individuals. The nest of those birds which ed revolt of all our sentiments against the being who gas lamps in a single street of this metropolis outshine have paired for the first time is not ruder or more tormed us? From a God possessed of such cha-the whole hemisphere on the clearest winter eveinconvenient than that of those which have repeated racteristics, we should surely have expected aning: nor on account of their beautiful configurations; the labor of nidification for a number of years. There different-moulded humanity; or, in other words, from for the devices chalked on the floor of a fashionable is no deficiency in the first from want of instruction the testimonies on the side of all righteousness, ball-room, to the mere animal eye, would be more and practice, and the last have gained nothing by ob. given by the vicegerent within the heart, do we infer captivating. It is from causes having affinity to servation and experience. the righteousness of the Sovereign who placed it mind, not matter; to truth, not semblance; that the there.-[Dr. Chalmers.] stars may, indeed, be called the poetry of heaven.The bodies alone appear to us the identical lumina. ries, in size, lustre, movement, and relative posi. tion, which they appeared to Adam and Eve, in Para. dise, when The dove that perch'd upon the Tree of Life, "At their shady lodge arrived, both stood, The God that made both -ky, air, earth and heaven, Lachin y Gair." The Rev. J. D. Glennie, who visited the scenes in the Grampians which are associated with Byron, says, 'We asked our guide, a The crow and the magpie, the lark and the linnet, scarcely restrain from walking too fast for us up the sturdy old Highlander of seventy, whom we could and every other kind, has each a peculiar manner hills, whether there were any fish in the lochan; on of building its nest: and every individual of the which he told us, with a mysterious look, and in an species, in similar circumstances, follows the same under-tone, that there were plenty, and fine fish too, They appear to us the same as they did to Noah and model, and uses similar materials. The instinctive but nobody ever fished there; for, as he had heard his family, when they descended from the ark in the propensity seems, in various instances, to accom- say,' the last person that tried it had good sport for silence of an unpeopled world; and, as they did to modate its peculiar circumstances, both in building the nest, and in the process of incubation. In some time, but at last he observed a man on the op- the builders of Babel, when the latter projected a countries infested by monkeys, some birds, which in Posite side of the lake, under the rock, fishing also,tower whose top should reach heaven. [By the by other climates build in bushes or in the clefts of fish only when he did it himself. throwing his line exactly as he did, and pulling out we do not know whether La Place would agree to trees, suspend their nests upon a slender twig, and what to make of so strange a circumstance, the an- thought--the stars, the unchanging stars, appear to Not knowing this.] Once more-and oh! how touching the so elude the mischievous propensities of the mon key. With us, ravens build on trees; but in the gler shifted his ground, when, wonderful to relate us with the same placid magnificence as they were evidently something no caney,' added the old man, a sent the multitude away, he went up into a mountain seen by the Redeemer of the world, when, having apart to pray; and when evening was come he was there alone, "and continued all night in prayer to God."-Matt. xiv. 23.-Luke vi. 12. cold climates of Iceland and Greenland, they construct their nests in the holes of rocks. The nest is always suited to the size of the bird, and to the number of its eggs and young. Many small birds display much sagacity in concealing their nests by tufts of grass, or by twigs and leaves. In the nest "Cold mountains and the midnight air, Witness'd the fervor of thy prayer; we see a receptacle provided for eggs before they The desert his temptation knew, come to maturity, yea, before the bird knows that His conflict and his victory too."-Watts. it is to lay them. Each species lays a determinate Ali Pacha. This use of military costume, to sup- The stars, then, have been the points where all that number: and it appears that, in this process, soine port or assume the character of a soldier, is not ever lived have met; the great, the small, the evil, birds, at least, do not act under the influence of uncommon among very peaceable travellers on the and the good; the prince, the warrior, statesman, physical necessity, but have, to a certain extent, an continent. It once happened that a party, chiefly sage; the high, the low, the rich, the poor; the bond instinctive volition.[Fergus' Bridgwater Treatise.]military men, aware of the better reception which and the free: Jew, Greek, Scythian, and Barbarian. The Modern Nubians and their Ancient Monu. red coat would obtain at the court of Ali Pacha, took Every man that has looked up from the earth to the their uniforms. One of them, a young man, who firmament, has met every other man among the stars, ments. In surveying the wonders which crowd the could not boast of any regimentals except what he for all have seen them alike, which can be said of banks of the Nile from Meroë to Memphis, we are had worn in one of the London companies of volun- no other images in the visible universe! Hence, by struck with the reflection, that the wealth, power, and genius whence they derived their origin have entirely were received by Ali Pacha with much courtesy at pleasure, bring our spirits into nearer contact with teers, took these for want of better. At Yanina they a sympathy neither affected nor overstrained, we can, passed away. In some portions of that extensive and, upon addressing the young traveller, Ali said any being that has existed, illustrious or obscure, in tract, a race little superior to savages pass a rude and to him, Where have you served? This would any age or country, by fixing our eyes-to name no precarious life, ignorant of the arts, and insensible have been a poser to most men in the same situa-other-on the evening or the morning star, which equally to the beauty and the magnificence of the tion; but he won more honor by his wit than he that individual must have beheld a hundred times, ruins which they tread under foot. They have ceased had done by his sword; for his ready answer was, "In that same place of heaven where now it shinee," even to claim connexion with the people who raised upon Wimbledon Common.' Ali had too much tact and with every aspect which the beautiful planet the splendid monuments of Ebsamboul, Karnac, and to betray his ignorance of the battle or the place; wears to us, and with which it will continue to smile Dendera; and, accordingly, they ascribe the anxiety and our city hero passed with the tyrant for a dis-over the couch of dying or the cradle of reviving day. which our countrymen display, in regard to those tinguished warrior.-[Illustrations of the Life and James Montgomery's Lectures on Poetry, &c.] mountains of antiquity, to the desire of visiting the Character of Lord Byron.] tombs of a European nation, who are supposed by Some years ago, when the famous Dr. Leib was fig. them to have built the temples and sculptured the The Bishops not one of the "Estates."--Lord Cla-uring in political life, when prejudices were strong, obelisks. The Nubians, especially, have relapsed rendon, who, though Lord Chancellor, had no more and party feeling ran high, application was made to the into that low condition, where even curiosity pretensions to the character of a lawyer, than he Legislature of Pennsylvania to incorporate a “Life has become dormant, and in which the eye can had to that of a man of honesty and veracity, Insurance Company" for the term of fifty years. A be every day fixed on the noblest works of human is very fond of insisting that the bishops are "one zealous member rose and addressed Mr. Speaker ingenuity without suggesting any speculation as of the estates of Parliament;" and yet, in one part with, "Sir, I don't like this bill, and shan't vote for it. to their authors, their epoch, or their design. of his history, he admits that the presence of the The petitioners have asked to be incorporated to inThroughout the whole world, in short, there is no bishops in the House of Lords; "was not so essen. sure lives for fifty years, and what will be the conse. greater contrast to be witnessed than between what tial that no act could pass without them." Upon quences of granting their prayer? why, the first thing Bow is, and what must once have been, in Ethiopia this passage Bishop Warburton makes the following you'll know, that Dr. Leib will get his life insured for and Egypt. There is even great difficulty in pass. just remark :-" But their presence is thus essential the whole time, and we shall have him tormenting us ing, by an effort of thought, from the one condition on the historian's principle, that the bishops consti- for half a century to come."-[N. E. Review.] MARRIAGES. This morning, at the Cathedral, by the very Rev. Dr. Power, AUGUSTE DE NAUTEUIL, of France, to ANGELE, second daughter of Lewis Binsse, Esq. of this city. On Saturday evening last, by the Rev. Dr. McCartee, Mr. JACOB WILLSE, to Miss ELEANOR C. daughter of Mr. William More, all of this city. On Sunday evening, Aug. 4, by the Rev. Wm. G. Miller, Mr. THOMAS T. HENDLEN, to Miss EMELINE TAYLOR, both of this city. On Wednesday evening last, by the Rev. Mr. Baldwin, Mr. GEORGE F. SEARING, to Miss MARY ANN WOODHOUSE, all of this city. Last evening, by the Rev. Wm. Patton, ANTHONY LANE, to ELIZABETH S., daughter of Oliver Willcox, Esq. all of this city. On Tuesday, Mr. SAMUEL D. JOHNSON, to Miss EMELINE TICE. On Monday evening, by the Rev. F. H. Cuming, JOHN MEEK, to Miss CATHERINE ADAMS. On July 15, FRANKLIN WHITNEY, to MARY HENRIETTA GLADD. At New-Orleans, J. M. Mason, to Miss Angeliner Eliza Sheils. On the 31st July, at Bolton, (Mass.) by the Rev. J. W. Chickering, Mr. GUSTAVUS U. RICHARDS, of this city, to Miss ELECTA B., daughter of S. V. S. Wilder, Esq. of the former place. On Wednesday evening, July 31, by the Rev. Dr. Milnor, Mr. BENJAMIN RICHARDS to Miss JANE HAIGHT, daughter of the late Judge Scott, of Catskill. On Wednesday morning, July 31, Mr. ALEX. MCKENZIE, to Miss MARY GARDNER. On Monday evening, July 29, Mr. JOSEPH TAYLOR, to ELIZABETH KIZER. On Monday, Mr. HENRY MILLER, of the firm of J. D. & H. Miller, to Miss Jane C. PHILIPS. On Monday evening, Robert Cochran, to Agnc. Kirkwood, both of Galway, N. Y. At Albany, Edward S. Willet, to Miss Elizabeth M'Chesney. On Monday evening, at St. George's Chapel, by the Rev. Dr. Milnor, EDW. F. WOODWARD, of England, to Miss SUSAN O., fourth daughter of the fate Thos. Betts, Esq. of L.I. On Wednesday evening, Mr. ANDREW KIRKWOOD, to Miss JANE NICHOL, both of Galway, N. Y. DEATHS. On Monday morning, 5th instant, WILLIAM, only son of Wm. Chapman, aged 13 months. Suddenly, on Monday evening, 5th instant, in the 46th year of his age, Mr. GEORGE KINSHIMER. On Friday last, HENRY COLMAN, aged 14 months, son of the Rev. F. H. Cummings. Yesterday afternoon, WILLIAM FAGAN. This morning, after a short ani severe illness, Miss CATHERINE POOLE, aged 22 years. At Yonkers, on the 2d inst. Joseph Oakley, in the 82d year of his age. On Tuesday morning July 30, at Washington, N.C. in the 18th year of his age, Julius H. Bulkley, son of Edmund Bulkley, of this city. On Sunday morning, 4th instant, of consumption, CHARLES RUSSELL BULLARD AVERY, infant son of the late Samuel P. Avery, aged 9 months and 22 days. Sunday morning, 4th instant, Mr. ISAAC COUTANT, in the 36th ear of his age. Suddenly, on Saturday evening, August 3d, (at her late resi dence, No. 86 Grove st.) Miss Rebecca Herbert, in the 43d year of her age. At Saratoga Springs, on the 31st ult., after a short illness STEPHENSON, Builder of a superior style of Passenger Cars for Railroads, New-York. NOVELTY WORKS, Near Dry Dock, New-York. THOMAS B. STILLMAN, Manufacturer of Steam Enginee, Boilere, Railroad and Mill Work, Lathes, Pressca, and other Machinery. Also, Dr. Nott's Patent Tubular BoilRAILROAD COMPANIES would do well to examine, which are warranted, for safety and economy, to be supethese Cars; a specimen of which may be seen on that part of rior to any thing of the kind heretofore used. The fullest the New-York and Harlem Railroad, now in operation. assurance is given that work shall be done well, and on reaJ25 tf sonable terms. A suare of public patronage is respectfully solicited. GRACIE, PRIME & CO. offer for sale, at 22 1 case 50 bottles Syrop de Vinaigre Reduced Duty 10 cases White Hermitage; 20 do. Cotie Rotie 10 do. Dry St. Peray: 50 do. Bordeaux Grave 20 do Chateau Grille; 5 cases each 12 bottles Olives in OH 8 bales Fine Velvet Bottle Corks 100 do. Bourton Cloves 30 do. Molieres Almonds 143 bundles Liquorice Root 4 bales Goat Skins 1 cask Red Copper, 1 do. Yellow do. DRY GOODS BY THE PACKAGE. 10 cases light and dark ground Prints 40 do. 3-4 and 6-4 colcred and black Merinos 15 do. 5-8 colored and black Circassians 2 do. Silk Bandannas, black and colored 4 do. Italian Lustrings 3 do White Satteens do. White Quiltings 10 do. Borrie's Patent Thread, No. 22 and 25 10 do Super high col'd Madras Hdkis, ent. to debenture 2 do. Super blue, biack, and colored Cloths-selected ex 25 bales low priced point Blankets. ENGINEERING AND SURVEYING TOWNSEND & DURFEE, of Palmyra, Mannfacturers of Railroad Rope, having removed their establishment to Hudson, under he rame of Durfee & May, offer to supply Rope of any required length (without splice) for inclined planes of Railroads at the shortest netice, and deliver them in any of the principal cities in the United States. Asto the quality of Rope, the public are referred to J B. Jervia. Eng. M. & H. R. R. Co, Albany: or James Archibald, Engineer Hudson and Delaware Canal and Railroad Company, Carbondale, Luzerne county, Pennsylvania. Hudson, Columbia county, New-York, MATHEMATICAL & OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS. SURVEYING AND NAUTICAL INSTRUMENT EWIN & HEARTTE, at the sign of the Quadrant, No. 53 South street, one door north of the Union Hotel, Baltimore, beg leave to inform their friends and the public, eapecially Engineers, that they continue to manulaciure to order and keep for sale every description of Instruments in the above branches, which they can furnish at the shortest notice, and on fair terms. Instruments repaired with care and promptitude. For proof of the high estimation on which their Surveying Instruments are held, they respectfully beg leave to tender to the public perusal, the following certificates from gentlemen of distinguished scientific attainments. To Ewin & Heartte.-Agreeably to your request made some months since, I now offer you my opinion of the Instrumente The subscriber manufactures all kinds of Instruments in made at your establishment, for the Baltimore and Ohio Railnie profession, warranted equal, if not superior, in principles of road Company. This opinion would have been given at a much construction and workmanship to any imported or manufac-earlier period, but was intentionally delayed, in order to afford ured in the United States; several of which are entirely new: a longer time for the trial of the Instruments, so that I could among which are an Improved Compass, with ale escope at speak with the greater confidence of their merils, it such they cached, by which angles can be taken with or without the use should be found to possess. It ic with much pleasure I can now state that notwithstanding In this city, (Cincinnati, Ohio,) on Friday last, July 26th, (of of the needle, with perfect accuracy-also, a Railroad Goniom bilious cholic, terininating in cholera,) Mr. Richard Phillips,ter, with two Telesco es-and a Levelling Instrument, with a the Instruments in the service procured from our northern ciGoniometer attached, particularly adapted to Railroad purpo.ties are considered good, I have a decided preference for those Gilder, in the 34th year of his age, formerly of New York. WM. J. YOUNG, manufactured by you. Of the whole number manufactured for The deceaeed arrived in this city in October last, where he Mathematical Instrument Maker, No. 9 Dock street, the Department of Construction, to wit: five Levels, and five continued to reside until his death. He was a young man of of the Compasses, not one has required any repairs within the amiable manners and correct habits. 308. Philadelphia. Baltimore, 1832. a screw, or from accidents, to which all Instruments are liable They possess a firmness and stability, and at the sanie time neatness and beauty of execution, which reflect much credit on the artists engaged in their construction. The following recommendations are respectfully submi:tecast twelve months, except f.om the occasional imperfection of It is understood that the deceased has a brother and sister in New-York, as also a brother in Boston. Should the above to Engineers, Surveyors, an I cthers interested. notice reach them, and they wish to obtain any further particuIn reply to thy inquiries respecting the instruments manu. lars, they will please address C. W. James, Cincinnati. To this end the New-York and Bosion papers will please notice thefactured by thee, now in use on the Baltimore and Ohio Rail. road. Ihoefully furnish thee with the following information. Of Cholera, at Bardstown, Kentucky, after a few hours indis- The whole number of Levels now in possession of the depart position, WM. ROWAN, and Mrs. RowAN, his wife-A. H. Row-ment of construction of thy make is seven. The whole num AN, and MARY JANE STEELE, Sons, daughter-in-law, and graud ber of the "Improved Compass" is eight. These are all exdanghter of Judge John Rowan. On Friday 26th inst. all four clusive of the number in the service of the Engineer and Graof them were deposited in the same grave. luation Department. above. I can with confidence recommend them as being worthy the Both Levels and Compasses are in good repair. They have I have examined with care several Engineers' instruinents of your Manufacture, particularly Spirit levels, and survey. or's Compasses; and take pleasure in expressing my opinion of the excellence of the workmanship. The parts of the levels ppeared well proportioned to secure facility in use, and accu At Bloomingdale, on the 4th instant, RACHEL HEGEMAN, in FOR SALE, These instruments seemed to ne to possess all the modern mprovement of construction, of which so n any have been made within these few years; and I have no dot bt Lut they will give every satisfaction wh. n used in the field. This instrument, more recently improved with a reversing telescope, in place of the vane sighits, leaves the engineei carcely any thing to desire in the formation or convenience of WILLIAN HOWARD. U. S. Civil Eng neer. Baltimore, May 1st, 1833. ATLANTIC JOURNAL AND FRIEND OF KNOW.:he Compass. It is indeed the most completely adapted to later To Messrs Ewin and Heartte-As you have asked me to give LEDGE-A Quarterly Journal, by Professor Rafinesque, utal angles of any simple and chea instrument that I have ye seen, and I cannot but believe it will be preferred to all others my opinion of the merits of those instruments of your manu. Philadelphia, begun in the spring of 1832, with wood cuts, &c acture which I have either used or examined, I cheerfully state dedicate to Historical and Natural Sciences, Botany, Agriculow in u e for laying of rails-and in fact, when known, I think it will be as highly appreciated for common surveying. that as far as my opportunities of my becoming aquainted with ture, &c. at one dollar per annum. Respectfully thy trend, their qualities have gone, I have great reason to think well of JAMES P. STABLER, Superintendant of Construction the skill displayed in their construction. The beatness of their of Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. workmanship has been the subject of frequent remark by my Philadelphia, February, 1833. seif, and of the accuracy of their performance I have received Having for the last two years made constant use of Mr.satisfactory assurance from others, whore opinion I respect, and who have had them for a considerable time in use. The Young's Patent Improved Compass," I can safely say I be MEDICAL FLORA OF THE UNITED STATES, in 2 vols with 100 plates, containing also the economical properties of 300 genera of American plants. $3. MANUAL OF AMERICAN VINES, and Art of Making Wines, with E figures. 25 cents. FISHES AND SHELLS OF THE RIVER OHIO. 1 dollar. ... Orders for these works, or any other of Professor Rafi-lieve it to be much superior to any other instrument of the kind,efforts you have made since your establishment in this city, to nesque's, received at this off.co. APJ M & F now in use, and as such most cheertully recommend it to En-relieve us of the necessity of eending elsewhere for what we zineers and Surveyors. AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, AND ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. PUBLISHED WEEKLY, AT No. 35 WALL STREET, NEW-YORK, AT THREE DOLLARS PER ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE. D. K. MINOR, EDITOR.] CONTENTS: page 513 .514 Railroad Map; Railroad Notices, &c. Hydraulic Dry Dock (with engravings); Incombustible Literary Notices... Foreign Intelligence ... Poetry; Advertisements .517 .519 .520 .521 ..527 Meteorological Record; Marriages and Deaths, &c...528 AMERICAN RAILROAD JOURNAL, &c. NEW-YORK, AUGUST 17, 1833. which we could find delineated the route, con- SHORT AND EASY SENTENCES.-We like bre- "To the Editor of the Railroad Journal: "Sir, I want your Journal. Enclosed I send you, in advance, one year's subscription, and am your friend, "To the Editor of the Railroad Journal: which he has been able to obtain any account. .525 There are several, however, of which he has "Sir, I have been a subscriber to your been unable to obtain either a report or a map, Journal since its commencement. I paid the and of course cannot rely upon the correctness first year in advance, and have never regretted of his accounts of them. We, therefore, once it; but circumstances have prevented me from more ask of those of our friends who may have remitting, at an earlier date, for the present surplus copies of Railroad Reports, and espe- year. I therefore now send you $5, which TO CORRESPONDENTS.-The communication cially those having maps attached to them, and you will place to my credit, and believe me still of V. D. G. "on the construction of curves for of recent date, to oblige us with one-we pro- your friend, arches," and of Mr. Sullivan, "in further reply mise to put them to good use, and hope to be to Mercator," are received, and will appear in able to return the favor in good time. It is a We consider the foregoing as well worthy our next. We are also indebted to J. M. Fes- subject of no small importance at this time, the attention of those who are not subscribers, senden, Esq. for his late report upon the Bos- when so much is said about Railroads, that or, being subscribers, have been too busy to ton and Worcester Railroad, and to an unknown there should be a map, showing the route, remit, for the current year, for the Journal. friend for a late and interesting account of the connection, and relative position of the different South Carolina Railroad, both of which will re-roads. Such a map will forcibly demonstrate ceive an early notice. PARLEY'S MAGAZINE.-We have received the the immense advantages of Railroads, but more first part, consisting of seven numbers, of Parespecially of long and continuous lines of Rail-ley's Magazine, done up in paper cover, by In our last, we referred to the contemplated roads. Messrs. Lilly, Wait, & Co., Boston. This railroad through New-Jersey and Pennsylvawork is particularly designed for children, and nia to the Great Bend of the Susquehanna rivThe following question has been submitted we know of no other so well calculated to give er, near Binghampton, in the state of New-to us for publication, with a view of obtaining them a relish for reading. It is embellished York, and we are now enabled to give the re- an expression of opinion upon the subject. We with numerous engravings, with a description ports of the engineers who surveyed that part do not recollect to have seen any account of ex-of each, which always affords instruction as of the route in Pennsylvania, between the Water periments having been made with a view of de- well as amusement. Parley's Magazine is pub. Gap on the Delaware, and Pittston on the Sus-ciding that question, and are, therefore, the lished every other Saturday, in a convenient quehanna, and one of the routes between Lacka- more desirous of eliciting information relative form for use, with 16 pages to cach number, wanna Creek, near the centre of Blakely town. to it. Our friends, who may have made or witat one dollar a year. ship, in Luzerne county, and the Great Bend nessed experiments of the kind, or who can IMPORTANT RAILROAD IMPROVEMENT.-The of the Susquehanna. These reports show a give the desired information, will greatly oblige more favorable route than we had anticipated. us by communicating the facts for publication. Philadelphia Franklin Institute having offered We shall refer to the subject again soon, and When the face of the country will admit of aa premium of $250 for the discovery of some hope to be able to give some account of the location for a railroad, either for stationary or mode to protect passengers and property from line in New-Jersey, between Elizabethtown locomotive power, with the same expense of the sparks emitted from the Railroad Locomoconstruction, how many feet per mile will a and Belvidere, and to the Water Gap. locomotive engine ascend, and be equal to the ful mechanic of Norfolk, Va., has invented a tives, we understand that Mr. Young, a skilexpense of stationary power, for the transportation of freight, allowing the freight equal both machine which entirely remedies the evil, the construction of which is simple and cheap. RAILROAD MAP; OR, MAP OF RAILROADS.- The proportion of curves to straight lines is in some cases will be more than four miles. A Report of the Chief Engineer on the Survey MAD RIVER RAILROAD.-The annexed article surveys during the present season, and we un- In conclusion, we exhort all friends of the from the Western Pioneer, printed at Spring-derstand that their opinion of the cheapness enterprise to join heart and hand, and do what field, Ohio, indicates a movement amongst and excellence of the route is in the highest they can to forward it to its completion. Let degree favorable. The grade of the road, we us put our own shoulder to the wheel, and those who are interested in this important link are informed, need in no case exceed 50-feet in then call on Hercules, and we may be sure of in the projected improvements in that growing the mile, and will reach that only in a few in- success. state. It may truly be considered as one of the stances, and for short distances. The radius most important of the numerous contemplated of curvature will not be less than 5000 feet, and railroads in Ohio. It will pass through one of the most fertile sections of that state, and open a direct, easy, and cheap mode of travel and transportation, by which the value of property, contiguous to it, say within ten miles on each side, will be increased, when the road is ready for use-more than twice the cost of the railroad. The thousands of acres, at present, of uncultivated land, will soon be made to contribute to the already immense business of our canals and our contemplated railroads. The forest will be made to blossom as the rose; towns and villages wil! spring up with their numerous dwellings and beautiful public edifices, where now is only to be found the lofty forest trees of a thousand years' growth, amidst which reside a few lingering remnants of those numerous and warlike tribes of red men, who were, but a few years since, masters of the boundless west. The natural make of the country is highly favorable to the construction of a railroad; which may be made at a very cheap rate, and used either with horse, or locomotive pow. er, as may best suit the business and wants of the country. sary. The surveyed route being that which forms the basis of the estimate, will be the subject of the following remarks. Upon the whole, from all the information we can gain upon the subject, we believe that no To David Scott, and others, Commissioners, &c.: route has been examined in the United States GENTLEMEN,-In compliance with a request presenting anything like as many facilities for from your Board, communicated to me in the the cheap and easy construction of a work of early part of the past summer, I examined the this description. In no instance that we ever country between the Susquehanna at Pittston, heard of, has a railroad been located 150 miles at the junction of the Lackawanna and the Dein length, requiring no change of the power em-laware River, at its pass through the Blue ployed in transportation upon it. But on the road Ridge, called the Delaware Water Gap; and in question, no such change will be necessary; also directed the execution of such surveys as a locomotive engine, with its train of cars, can were deemed necessary to determine the feasitraverse its whole distance with ease, as there bility and probable expense, of constructing a is not an inclined plane upon the route render- Railroad between those points, by which it ap ing the intervention of stationary power neces- pears that the scheme is not only practicable, but that the object may be effected without enA slight inspection of the map of the United countering any inordinary difficulties, and at a States will be sufficient to satisfy any one of comparatively reasonable expense. the importance of this route, as a link in the Time and circumstances permitted the surchain of communication from Albany to the vey of but one route, in which the survey and Ohio River; indeed, from Buffalo to Dayton, via||levels were minutely taken, and the surroundSandusky City, the route is as direct as could ing country as much explored as the nature of be desired. Its importance to the commercial the case would permit, for which I am bound to interests of the State of New-York is self-evi- acknowledge my obligation to the intelligence dent. It will be the only work that can at all and assiduity of R. J. Germain, Esq., Civil Enprevent the trade of this country, especially that gineer, assisted by Messrs. Provoost and party. of Cincinnati, from being diverted to Baltimore and Philadelphia, when that great work, the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, shall be finished Should the commissioners decide to open their to the Ohio. The facility with which our mer- It commences at the junction of the Lacka. books in this city, they will find, we trust, that chants could then travel over the mountains wanna with the Susquehanna River at Pittston, would be a great inducement for them to take and runs from thence up the Lackawanna Valthe measure is duly appreciated by those who that route, independent of the advantages of a ley to the mouth of Roaring Brook, thence up have the means of increasing the business and choice of three markets. Should this road, the valley of that stream to Lake Henry, a triprosperity of this city, by securing to it the trade however, be constructed, merchandise from butary of Roaring Brook, and from thence, of the thousands of square miles of the most New-York and Philadelphia could reach the crossing the head waters of Lehigh upon the fertile country in the world, west and south-Ohio in less time than by any other way, espe- table lands which form the dividing ridge becially should a railroad be made from the Hud-tween the Susquehanna and Delaware Rivers west of Lake Erie. It is an object well worth son to Lake Erie, as is contemplated. The to the head waters of Anatomak or Broadhead's the attention even of the first commercial city Baltimoreans are fully aware of this, and are Creek, passing down the Pocono, one of its triof the new world; but, if secured at all, it must pushing on their great enterprise with all the butaries, through Stroudsburgh, thence down be done by immediate and strenuous efforts, energy of which they are capable. It is to New- the main stream, approaching the Delaware in as New-York has two rivals, of no small con- for the construction of this road, and we think Gap. York then that we must look for the means front of Detottsburgh at the head of the Water sideration; and, if they do not count a popula- we may look for it with confidence, as, without The elevation of the summit above the Sustion as numerous, they can at least boast of taking into consideration the great advantages quehanna and Delaware Rivers respectively, is their enterprise, and the progress they have to be reaped by her, especially from its construc- 1366 feet and 1599 feet, and the distance about already made in their works towards the grand tion, no doubt can be entertained that the stock 70 miles. This we divide into two, the Eastern object for which we are all aiming, the trade in the light of an individual investment. will pay a handsome interest, considered merely and Western Division, which for the sake of perspicuity is divided into sections correspondof the West,-the increase of which will, in We suppose the course of the Commission- ing with the different grades to which the line twenty years, be equal to the present entire ers at the coming meeting will be to despatch is best adapted, as suggested by the various featrade of the whole United States, and afford con-agents to the eastern cities to open the books tures of the ground. and obtain subscriptions to the stock, as soon It is, however, worthy of remark, that on stant employment to all the canals and railroads as may be. Should suitable men be obtained either side of the summit through the valleys of which can be made in the mean time, to connect for this purpose, not the slightest difficulty, we Roaring Brook and Broadhead's Creek and its it with the sea-board. apprehend, will occur in raising the requisite tributaries, the location will be upon a transMAD RIVER AND LAKE ERIE RAILROAD. We sum. No time ought to be lost, if such a course verse slope, where any grade may be sustained understand that a general meeting of the com- be adopted. Railroad stock is in good odor that the circumstances of the case may require, missioners of the Mad River and Lake Erie Rail.now, and there is a "tide" in railroad, and all|| hence, such grade was assumed in the survey road has been called, and is to take place on other stocks, as well as "in the affairs of man." as would admit of the advantageous use of loWednesday next, 31st. inst. at this place. We Let intelligent and respectable men be sent im- comotive engines. The maximum angle of asare much pleased to see that some interest is mediately to Albany, New-York, Buffalo and cent on the Western Division in the direction beginning to be felt on this important subject. Rochester, to lay the claims of this great work of the greatest trade, being 26 feet per mile, The interests of a large body of our citizens, properly before the capitalists there. In the that on the Eastern Division, in the opposite inhabiting a tract of country stretching from selection of these agents, if men could be found direction, 40 feet per mile, which is not objecDayton to the Lake, unrivalled for the fertility personally known to these capitalists, so much tionable, in as much as the power necessary to of its soil, capable of supporting a dense the better If men of respectability, their re-transact the regular business of the Western lation, and which needs only an outlet for its presentations wiil command respect and cre- Division, would perform the return business produce to render it one of the best portions of dence. up a much steeper grade. the State, are deeply involved in the measures We have thrown these remarks hastily to- In the arrangement of the different grades for that may be adopted at this meeting. gether, to call the attention of our readers to the application of locomotive, mechanical, or It is understood that an estimate of the cost this subject. It is one in which all are deeply animal power, 666.5 feet of elevation is overof the road, together with such other informa- interested, and which is intimately connected come on the Western Division, and 774 feet on tion as will enable the Commissioners to make with the prosperity of the whole of that part of the Eastern Division, leaving to be surmounted, arrangements for opening the books for sub- the State through which the road will pass. by inclined planes requiring stationary power, scriptions, without delay, will be laid before the Should any farther information come into our 699.5 feet on the Western, and 855 feet on the Board, by the U. S. Engineers, by whom the possesion after the meeting of the Board of Eastern Division, for which, as indicated by the survey has been made. These gentlemen have Commissioners, our friends may depend upon survey, six inclined planes will be necessary, been busily engaged in making the necessary receiving it at as early a day as possible. three upon each division. To those on the popu ADVOCATE OF INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. Western Division the waters of Roaring Brook| may be introduced as the moving power. 515 The Western Division extends from the Ri-power, a question arises as to its most judiciver Lehigh to the western termination at Pitts-ous application, whether in the operation of machinery, or as a preponderating power upon a self-acting inclined plane. No. of Grade. Remarks. Lehigh In descending from the summit eastward into ton. the Valley of Pocono, the line may be much improved and shortened by dividing inclined planes No. 1 and 2 into three planes, in such manner that neither shall overcome an elevation exceeding 250 feet, nor occupy a distance of more than half a mile; the line in consequence will be more direct-the inclined planes 1. From being reduced-better adapted to a great trade, and their location such, that the head waters of Pocono and Broadhead's Creek may be introduced at their summits as the propelling power. With this arrangement there will be seven inclined planes upon the whole route, to all of which water may be introduced in quantities sufficient to equal the greatest trade that can ever be anticipated, and may be used as a substitute for steam power, either in propelling machinery or as a preponderating power upon a self-acting plane. In addition to the improvements suggested, there is no doubt that upon a more thorough examination many more will suggest themselves, whereby the line may be much improved, and distance diminished, withou: increasing expense. 3. Length of each grade in miles. Descent in feet per mile. Descent of each grade in feet. Expense of form ing the road bed of each gra to 2.68 Level 7.50 26. 0.68 2. Descends the Valley 5. Inclined Plane No. 2, Ditto A. Slocum's Mills 8. Down Lackawanna 195. 234.5 Self-acting planes are at present only used where the preponderance of the descending trade is sufficient to draw up the ascending, but I see no reason why they cannot be used with equal advantage in an ascending, or fluctuating trade, where water, in sufficient quan$15999 86 tities, can, at all times be commanded at their head. The plan recommended by M. Robinson, 2425 00 Esq., Civil Engineer to the managers of Danville and Pottsville Railroad Company; 20338 75 26080 00 3405 00 240. 225. 3895 00 9.54 18.5 176.4 27611 33 Total Western Division 33.10 Sum for Eastern and 1366. $113975 14 Add for engineering and unforeseen contin- Aggregate cost of graduation 2965. $285217 30 28521 73 $313739 03 4445 15 I would therefore recommend for your consideratien, as matter of economy, as well as preferable improvement, the construction of inclined planes upon the principle of those upon the east end of the Carbondale Railroad, with carss ustaining tanks or cisterns capable of concessary ascending load, to be disgorged of their taining water sufficient to preponderate any neload at the foot, and return with the next ascending train. Cost of seven inclined planes, Cost of grading and superstructure 589720 60 $35000 00 Suitable materials for the execution of all] mechanical constructions are abundant and convenient; in short, in computing the estimate I have had particular reference to the coAggregate cost of road $624720 60 pious field notes and observations taken upon And, although stone blocks may conveniently by the facilities afforded in overcoming elevaNext to be considered is SUPERSTRUCTURE. of business, like that of a Canal, is measured The capacity of a Railroad for the transaction the ground, and, while on the one hand I have be obtained for the support of wooden string tion. intended not to swell the amount to an extrava- pieces, upon the plan adopted by the Mohawk gant degree, so, on the other, I have endeavor-and Hudson Railroad Company-or, stone sills ries upon this subject, I will refer you for ed to make it fully adequate to the construction superceding entirely the use of wood, upon the example to the inclined planes upon the CarWithout troubling you with far-fetched theoof the work, in a permanent manner. The line generally is favorable in regard to pany on part of their road, suitable stone abound. the road, while making their transit, is at the plan adopted by the Baltimore and Ohio Com- bondale Railroad; their ordinary progress upon curves, none very abrupt occurring, conse-ing in the valleys of Roaring Brook and Broad-rate of six miles per hour. From the favorquently no extra expense will be required to head's Creek; yet, for various reasons, timber avoid them. The formation of the road-bed should be calshould be preferred in the first construction. culated for a double track, in as much as that||$3000 less per mile than the other plans. 1st. As matter of economy, costing $1500 to from its location it cannot be long after the first is completed before a second will be required, and road-bed in the line of the ways, to which a new 2d. Should any unevenness occur in the should the grading be omitted until such neces-road is very susceptible, it is much more easily sity is experienced, the additional expense of adjusted. widening the grade beyond what it would have been in the first instance, would be very great. tled and business requires a second track, the 3d. By the time the road-bed is properly setNot so with the superstructure; the effect is various plans now in progress of construction different, and good policy would dictate the lay-will be tested and the selection may then be ing down first a single track, and make its ad-dictated by actual experience, and vantages available in the transportation of materials for the second. An advantage, too, to derived from this, in delivering upon the spot 4th. Great economy and advantage will be be derived in grading in the first instance for a the materials for a permanent superstructure. double track is, that by the time the second is required, the road-bed becomes settled and pre-try abounding with timber of various kinds, pared for the reception of permanent materials; and of excellent quality, such as white oak, The route passing through a district of counaccordingly the following estimate of cost for yellow pine, red beech, hemlock, &c. all of forming the road-bed is with a view to a double which can be obtained at a very low rate, thereThe Eastern Division includes all that part tion entirely of wood, with wrought iron rail fore the estimate is predicated upon a construcof the line between the main branch of the Le-plates 24 by inch thick, and one turnout per high River and the eastern termination upon mile of 300 feet in length. The Delaware, and embraces the following grades: able features of the ground on this route, for the acclivity may be adopted that the nature of the location of the inclined planes, any angle of tical operations, hence, about half a mile will five degrees, as the angle best adapted to praccase will justify; we shall assume therefore be the length of the planes on the Western Dithe trade will regulate the business. vision, their acclivity being in the direction of the foregoing example, each transit will be performed in five minutes; allow for casual detenAssuming six miles per hour, according to the load, independent of the cars, is 80 tons per transits per hour. Assuming also 10 tons for hour, and at 12 hours is 960 tons per day, and, tions 2 minutes, will make 71⁄2 minutes or 8 lays, 250 days or 240,000 tons per year. making liberal allowance for all necessary de try does not yet furnish data whereby to calculate the expense of transportation; suppose The experience upon railroads in this counand the transportation one and a half cents per then the tolls to be one cent per ton per mile, ton per mile, (which is about the expense on canals,) the amount for tolls on 70 miles is $168,000, and for transportation, including tolls, $420,000. This calculation may appear too large; suppose, then, that only half that business should offer, (which, from its location, there can be no doubt it shortly would,) the tolls would then be $84,000, and transporration, including tolls, $210,000. A great inducement to this belief is, that more than 18 miles of the western end of this route is through a coal region, 6 miles of which is above inclined plane No. 2., along the valley of 100 00 Roaring Brook, on the east side of Moosick Mountain, where indications of coal are of frequent occurrence. 60 00 960 00 225 00 $3910 20 4445 15 The location of inclined plane No. 2, is at the south-western extremity of Moosick Mountain, from the head of which a line of road may be graded on the west side of the said mountain, declining 16 feet per mile, 13 miles to Carbondale, which, together with the extension of the Susquehanna, will make at least 27 miles, with which this vast coal field, embracing the The location of the inclined planes being such dated with a Railroad in a longitudinal direcvalley of the Lackawanna, may be accommo1599. 171242 16|as to render water available as the propelling|tion, thus offering inducements to the individual 8355 35 $589720 60 |