: Wilks's History of Hampshire,' vol. ii. p. 78, is the following :— "Sir Henry Mildmay was fortunate in escaping the ruin of such confiscation, through the estates of Twyford and Marwell having been purchased for, and settled upon, his wife Jane (or Anne?) and her heirs, according to the will of her father Sir Leonard Holiday, in 1595 Sheriff, and in 1605 Lord Mayor, of London." A communication re Lord Mayors,' by MACKENZIE WALCOTT, M.A., is given in N. & Q.,' 1 S. xi. 271. He says:— "Sir Leonard Holliday, Lord Mayor 1605, when the Gunpowder Treason was discovered, was buried in the church of St. Michael, Basinghall. His arms were-Sable, three helmets argent, within a bordure of the second." In reply to M. M.'s query (12 S. ii. 433), I will quote the following excerpts from a communication at 11 S. iii. 105: "Dr. Peter Mew(s), Bishop of Bath and Wells 1673, and of Winchester 1684-1706, born at Caundle Purse 25 March, 1618/19, was the son of Ellis Mew(s) by his marriage with a daughter of John Winniffe of Sherborne, and sister of Dr. Thomas Winniffe, sometime Bishop of Lincoln. His ancestry has not hitherto been traced." TEMPLAR further says: "Peter Mewe of Caundle Purse died before 6 March, 1597 /8, having had issue at least four sons; [and later adds] One of the elder sons of Peter Mewe of Caundle Purse was probably father of Ellis Mew(s) and grandfather of the bishop." Ventnor. JOHN L. WHITEHEAD. "ST. BUNYAN'S DAY " (12 S. ii. 129).This name may be due to a dim perception ..of a traditional designation. In The Abbot,' chap. xv., Scott makes Adam Woodcock, the jovial falconer of Castle Avenel, swear "by St. Martin of Bullions." To this he appends the foot-note: "The Saint Swithin, or weeping Saint of Scotland. If his festival (fourth July) prove wet, forty days of rain are expected." In the course of centuries the saint's -personal name may have gradually gone out of use, while that of his abode has retained an imperfect hold and become what we see. This, of course, is only a suggestion, but it seems worth while to offer it as possibly explaining a distinctly curious appellation. THOMAS BAYNE theirs does not. You cannot prove that a child is My proposition covers all the facts, whereas sensitized chemically to the mother, but you can prove that the mother is sensitized to the child." This theory seems strongly corroborated by the recent great advances in knowledge of the effects of the internal secretions (for instance, as set out in Dr. W. B. Bell's latest book), according to which the woman's mind is the sum-total of these. The effect of the temporary secretion, indirectly from the foetus, is to make her mind open to impres sions which ordinarily would be slurred over. 677 1 A few references to recent matter are; Being Well-Born (M. F. Guyer, 1916, pp. 159-62, Myth of Maternal Impressions'); Maternal Impressions. Belief in their existence is due to unscientific method of thought. No evidence whatever that just tifies faith in them. How the superstition originated(the editor, Paul Popenoe, in The Journal of Heredity, November, 1915, vi 512-18); and what is called a groundwork of the recent investigations on the material, side of the subject A Study of the Causes underlying the Origin of Human Monsters: Third Contribution to the Study of the Pathology of Human Embryos (F. P. Mall, 1908). ་ 1 More in our line, and apparently a real contribution to the folk-lore of the subject in general, is Mrs. Elsie C. Parsons's work I have a few examples, but never made among the Zuñi Indians. In her Zuñi a point of collecting, chiefly because to be Inoculative Magic' (Science, Sept. 29, 1916) kept satisfactorily they require frames, or some device that will prevent the tinfoil, or tinsel, being flattened by pressure.. Tinsel may have come in before, but I think it was introduced about 1830, and its use was eventually carried to such an extent that no part of the print was left uncovered with tinsel, or plain silk or satin, except the face: even the hands were covered with tinsel gauntlets. "Birthmarks and malformations are accounted for by the Zuni as due to parental, for the most part paternal, carelessness during the pregnancy, the result of the expectant father taking part in a ceremonial, or hunting rabbits or prairie-dogs or other animals, or killing a snake." Her A Few Zuñi Death Beliefs and Practices' in the American Anthropologist, 1916, xviii., at p. 248, gives : "On his children's account a man should at no time kill a snake, but were he to kill one during his wife's pregnancy, the child would be spotted like a snake and would die." Analogy might be drawn between this matter and the much-disputed "couvade" ROCKINGHAM. Boston, Mass. BIBLE AND SALT (12 S. ii. 390, 478). Burns's example may be cited with regard to the carrying out of this observance. The incident is described by the late Principal Shairp (Burns' in "English Men of Letters," chap. v.) as follows: "It was not till about the middle of 1789 that the farm-house of Ellisland was finished, and that he and his family, leaving the Isle, went to live in it. When all was ready, Burns bade his servant Betty Smith take a bowl of salt, and place the Family Bible on the top of it, and, bearing these, walk first into the new house and possess it. He himself, with his wife on his arm, followed Betty and the Bible and the salt, and so they entered their new abode. Burns delighted to keep up old-world freits or usages like this." W. B. TINSEL PICTURES (12 S. ii. 228, 296).-I knew nothing about these until last August, when I saw some at Southsea; but tinsel portraits I have known since I was a boy, and have been and am still interested in them. Except the Jonathan King collection in the London Museum I know none. There are a few, in what I may call the Ralph Thomas collection, in the Print Room, British Museum-at the end of vol. x., I think. The collection of Mr. May, the theatrical costumier, was formerly to be seen at his shop in Covent Garden, but I do not know what has become of it. constantly seeing specimens in provincial towns, as at Southsea. At Farnham, Surrey, I have noticed one in the doorway of a shop, and year after year have observed the deterioration of the tinsel and the colours. the effect of its being exposed to the sun. I am There is an interesting interview with W. G. Webb in The Pall Mall Budget for July 28, 1889, p. 947, in which he describes the rise and fall of tinsel. I have been lately trying to get that number of the Budget without success. The manufacture of tinsel has been a lost art for many years, though I believe some of the steel dies still exist. The difficulty adhere to the tinfoil; without this lining the now is the way to make the paper lining dots," &c., will not stick to the paper. RALPH THOMAS. Notes on Books. Shakespeare's Handwriting. A Study by Sir IN Shakespeare's England many of our readers This was There is as students of English literature know-a manuscript play in the British Museum by Anthony Munday, which bears additions to the original text in five different hands. It is a pleasure to remember that the first suggestion that one of these five hands was that of Shake-speare was made in our own columns. in 1871 (4 S. viii. 1), in a contribution by Richard Simpson, who a year later (4 S. x. 227) received the support of James Spedding. These writers relied largely on that curious flair which enables us all to some degree, and the more experienced or better gifted in this respect to a surprising degree, to recognize the handwriting of individuals, however closely conformable to a general type or, on the other hand, blurred by accidentor carelessness. Like the flair which enables small children to pick out the seedlings which are going to produce double flowers, it works somewhat inexplicably, but, more often than not,. quite true: yet its decisions, in a case like that before us, certainly require the justification of minute analysis, of the consideration of every discernible peculiarity, before they can be pronounced safe. It is just this minute analysis that Sir Edward Thompson offers us here-performed with the last degree of exactness and with very happy intuition, so that these comparisons, letter by letter, stroke by stroke, may be recommended as interesting reading even to those who have no special liking for palæography. The addition in question consists of 147 lines, which form a scene between the London apprenEtices, in an insurrection against aliens intruding into the City, and Sir Thomas More. The speech put into More's mouth, it will hardly be denied. has the peculiar persuasive mingling of good sense, lofty appeal, and fine, sonorous, but simple rhythm, by which the good counsellors in all Shakespeare's plays are characterized. The speech comes at the end of the fragment; the earlier lines are exclamations of the mob-leaders and protests from unacceptable persons in authority. The excellent collotype fascimile enables us to follow Sir Edward Thompson's contention that words for the wranglers were written at full speed-dashed off, we might suppose, with a sympathetic restlessness, whereas in More's long speech the writer settled down to stronger, more deliberate thought, to calmer and more strictly chosen words, and his hand, in compliance with his mind, wrote a better formed and ampler sort of script. The legend of the never-blotted line does not in this passage receive quite literal confirmation; three lines, and here and there a word, are erased. Yet, taking the MS. as a whole, it is a first draft which denotes a very prompt and steady flow of invention a simple, forthright method of work-to be contrasted, for example, with such a method as that of eBalzac. 3 It is the last page that, as to the general impression it makes, comes nearest to the signatures; and, to complete his grasp of the correspondence between the two, we would suggest to the student by way of exercise-to compare them from the easier and perhaps more ordinary point of eview. The expert has more often to determine, from a script of known authorship, whether a given signature is genuine, than to determine the authorship of a given script from nothing but a signature. Let it be assumed that More's speech is genuine Shakespeare, could we, upon the ground of that, decide in favour of the signatures 1 being genuine? It seems to us-judging from the facsimiles before us-that we could. There remains some difficulty as to the date of the play Sir Thomas More.' Dr. Greg, who had put it at 1592 to 1593, argues now for a later date, and believes that the attribution to Shakespeare is thereby rendered impossible. But most negative conclusions about Shakespeare seem to us, considering how fragmentary is our knowledge of his life, to be highly questionable. Short of a proof that the whole MS. of Sir Thomas More additions and all-belongs to a period later than the end of 1615, the shifting of its date within possible limits may indeed make the attribution somewhat more or somewhat less probable, but at the unlikeliest will leave an ample margin of possibility. · In illustration of the main theme we are given a usefully clear statement as to the contemporary fashion in handwriting-the English script being gradually ousted by the Italian, and the two · being intermixed in the hand of the same writer,We have also the latest explication of the signa-tures, in which some former errors are corrected; and an account of everything known or reason-ably conjectured as to how and what Shakespeare at Stratford-on-Avon was taught in the matter of handwriting. Sir Edward Thompson is secure of great and widespread interest in this valuablepiece of work, and no less, we think, is he secure of at least a general provisional agreement on the part of students of his subject. · The Fortnightly Review begins the year_with a poem entitled Before Ginchy,' by Mr. E. A. Wodehouse, 2nd Lieutenant Scots Guards. It gives us war at its grimmest-not only in what it works upon the bodies of the fallen, but also in what it works in the souls of the living. As verse the poem is unequal: as a conception and'. interpretation it is fine enough to be unforgettable. Dr. Dillon in Germany and the Entente Powers gives forcible and reasonable warning as to theconduct of the War. Politicus, starting out with the statement that "the present war has proved the failure of democracy in war,' after some analysis of the situation and its causes, proceeds. to give advice upon almost all its factors. We do. not ourselves think that comparisons between modern democracies and those of ancient Greece or of Italy in the later Middle Ages are particularly fruitful. The practical suggestions seem to us the strongest part of this article. Of a like. pressing importance, and worth equal attention, are The New Government,' by Auditor Tantum ; Man-Power and Sea-Power,' by Mr. Archibald Hurd; and Holland's Last Chance,' by Y. Mr.. W. S. Lilly contributes a charming article on Ovid, which is more in our own line. As we might expect from this writer, he holds the balance well between a sympathetic understanding of the pagan view of life, with its various elements of attractiveness, and a just estimate of the changes wrought by Christianity. 'Bucharest when the War Came' is a brilliant-a more compact than usual-example of those pictures of the Near East which Mr. W. F. Bailey (who here again has collaborated with Miss Jean V. Bates) furnishes in such goodly number for the pleasure and instruction of m ny readers. Mr. E. Lipson has our hearty sympathy in his 'Agriculture after the War.' He will not expect from us very profound criticism as to his agricultural methods; but we are heartily with him in his advice to us to look again-for good example and precept-into the economic theory of the Middle Ages. We have often admired the excellent practical counsels of Miss Edith Sellers: we should like to recommend her paper here,Quarts versus Noggins,' to the careful consideration of all who have the drink question at heart. Prof. Gerothwohl on The Octopus of German Culture is not only informing and vigorous, but highly amusing. His account of the thesis which won a German Ph.D., maxima cum laude, a few years ago must be read and pondered to be believed. Is it not curious to mention Heine as the second supreme literary artist of Germany, and to make a point of his being Parisian in sympathy, and not to mention that he was a Jew? Initiative,' by Mr. Gilbert Frankau, is a good story. In The SuperParent and the Child,' by Statist, we have, for the most part, a repetition of counsels which have been already often put forward; but the writer does good service in his main contention, "that the War has made education a matter of most vital urgency. We were grateful to Mr. John B. C. Kershaw for summing up his article on Economic Aspects of the War with so much hopefulness. The general trend of the number-and it is well it should be so-is extremely grave. THE new Nineteenth Century contains no fewer than four articles of psychological (under which word we would include psychical) interest. Mr. J. A. Hill and Sir Herbert Stephen discuss the question of communication with the dead, the one pro, the other contra. It seems to us that they both leave the matter as they found it, though each argument is interesting, and Mr. Hill's provides also some curious illustrations. Mr. Harold F. Wyatt writes on If a Man die, shall he live again? and, while he rejects religious dogmas and the idea of any revelation having been made to man on this subject, he seems to think that a life after this is more probable than not. His article is to be continued. Mr. F. I. Paradise .on 'Does the National Mission interpret the National Soul? makes some highly disputable statements, and, on the whole, strikes us as but a superficial interpreter. Dr. Grundy entitles his paper Political Psychology: a Science which has yet to be Created,' and thereby, we think, commits himself to adherence to a scheme of thought which will soon undergo radical modification, if not more. But the paper itself is one of the best worth attention in the number. The broad interest of the articles on current topics is reconstructive it is thus with Dr. Shadwell's Ordeal by Fire'; Mr. J. A. R. Marriott's 'The Problem of the Commonwealth' (a weighty and well-reasoned contribution); Mr. W. J. Malden's The Greater Agriculture'; The Nobler Politics before Us,' by Mr. George A. B. Dewar; and, above all, in Lord Sydenham's important discussion of Indian affairs and his indication of the kinds of reform with which we should meet the development of real danger. Two papers of great interest as showing foreign points of view are Countess Zanardi Landi's The Only Hope for Austria a decidedly revolutionary production; and Germany and South America: a Brazilian View,' by Señor Edgardo de Magalhães. 'The Reward of Labour: an Eirenicon,' by Mr. W. S. Lilly, has -the usefulness, by no means to be undervalued, of an academic view of a burning topic. Major Kenneth Bell is refreshing and diverting, after the sober consideration of so many problems, in his Joys and Sorrows of a "Town Major in France.' Mr. W. G. FitzGerald on President Wilson's Dream' is at once sound and lively. Sir John Macdonell discusses a matter of greater moment than might at first sight appear Lawyer's Place in the Modern State.' · The IN the January Cornhill there is a very effective bit of fiction by Mr. William Hope Hodgson entitled The Real Thing: "S.O.S." It describes the dash of a great liner a hundred and seventeen miles against the wind to save another liner on fire, punctuating the long onward rush with the talk between the wireless operators on the two vessels. That and Mr. Edmund Gosse's Battlefields of the Ourcq' are the two papers out of this number which have fixed themselves most firmly in our memory. Mr. Gosse imprints on the mind for ever his vision of the waving little tricolour flags which like flowers, now thick set, now sparse, mark the spots where a soldier lies buried. Lieut. W. E. de B. Whittaker gives a vivid account of a journey into and back out of Germany between July 27 and Aug. 5, 1914. We noticed one good detail about the management of the German army: the men, at the start, were made to wear their new boots of undressed leather, carrying in their kit their old ones, in order that the new boots might be broken in and grow comfortable before it came to fighting, and also that when wearied with marching they might have the old ones to change into for relief. Sir Charles Lucas contributes an article on Augustus Lord Howe and Roger Townshend'Two Monuments in Westminster Abbey'; and the Dean of Norwich writes pleasantly about Gray and the bicentenary of his birth. There is also the first chapter of a serial by Maud Diver, in which appear a subtly disagreeable young lady and a nice-minded and agreeable one; but we pricked up our ears on learning that the nice one had just been " going through a course of massage and magnetic healing." Boyd Cable tells an incident of the first Christmas of the Old Contemptibles, and Dr. Fitchett writes with his accustomed eloquence on The War in Perspective.' Mr. A list of N. & Q.' correspondents who are serving with the forces will appear in our issue of January 20. Names may still be sent in. The Athenæum now appearing monthly, arrangements have been made whereby advertisements of posts vacant and wanted, which it is desired to publish weekly, may appear in the intervening weeks in N. & Q.' Notices to Correspondents. WE cannot undertake to answer queries privately, nor can we advise correspondents as to the value of old books and other objects or as to the means of disposing of them. To secure insertion of communications correspondents must observe the following rules. Let each note, query, or reply be written on a separate slip of paper, with the signature of the writer and such address as he wishes to appear. When answering queries, or making notes with regard to previous entries in the paper, contributors are requested to put in parentheses, immediately after the exact heading, the series, volume, and page or pages to which they refer. Correspondents who repeat queries are requested to head the second com munication" Duplicate." MRS. WEINHOLT and "LET THE DEID SCHAW." -Forwarded. MR. W. FLETCHER.-We think an application to a good second-hand bookseller would be the quickest way of obtaining the work desired. CORRIGENDA.-12 S. ii. 540, col. 2, in the paragraph announcing Sir Richard Temple's contribution The Correspondence of Richard Edwards, for "the lovely picture they give of the AngloIndian life of the period" read the lively picture, &c. —12 S. ii. 538, col. 1, 1. 8 from foot, for "Cuença" read Cuenca. LONDON, SATURDAY, JANUARY 13, 1917. CONTENTS.-No. 55. " leaved with blotting paper, and several sentences are left incomplete and pages left blank, showing that the writer intended to finish it at leisure. I imagine that it was continued in another book which has disappeared, and probably to the end of the journey. Some of the correspondents of N. & Q.' may be able to throw a light on 66 the omissions. What, for instance, was the new Church built in the Gothic taste," at Worsley, or Manchester, or where? It was apparently at the same place as Gilbert's " very smart brick House." 66 DIARY. 66 * Mr. Lord Mayoral Elections, 26. QUERIES:- English Colloquial Similes, 27-Stipendiary the references to people and places, and on Magistrates wearing Robes-J. H. Newman: "Baughton," Sicily-Roger Handasyde, M.P.-Isaac Penington, Lord Mayor-Lieut. Col. Bayly Wallis, 28-Authors of Quotations Wanted-William of Orange Inscription-Ewald: Sir John Cutler-Stocker Family-"In commendam”— Folk-Tale King and the Falcon, 29-Cardinal Galli's Portrait-'Reminiscences of a Scottish Gentleman' White Hart Silver-Wasp-Stings-Wall Street, New York -John Camden Hotten-Messiah': First Performance -City Gates-Silhouettes, 30-Heart in Hand-Rysley, 31. REPLIES:-The Dominican Order, 31-Thomas Gray, 32 Friday, the 11th of Oct. Began our_march -François, Duc de Guise-Dr. Uvedale - General from Liverpool about 12. The Road to Prescot Boulanger Verdigris. 33-"Duityoners"-"Carrstipers" is what they call extremely good being paved all "Whelping" "Staig"-Sarum Missal: Morin, Rouen the Way but I do not account it very much soLost Poem by Kipling, 34-Fellows of Society of Anti: there are so many Coal Carts go this Road that quaries Colonels and Regimental Expenses-Sons of Bridget Bendysh-Binnestead Americanisms. 35if it were not paved it would soon be torn to Portraits in Stained Glass-Authors of Quotations Pieces. Dined at Prescot (8 M.) about 2 o'c. It Wanted-Naval Relic of Charles I., 36-Sir W. Trelawny is a neat Market Town, near it is the -Author Wanted: Boys' Books-G. Turberville, 37-Seat E. of Derby-there is scarce anything worth Names of the Moon-Authors Wanted- Wild Beasts in seeing which I suppose is the Reason the old lady Warfare-Sheppard Family of Blisworth-Jonathan refuses Stranggar. Set off and got to WarringWild, the Great' 38-"Donkey's Years"-"Rosalie"= Bayonet Churchill's Grave,39. ton by p. 4-the Road most Part paved-on the Entrance of the Town passed by an elegant Brick House built by Mr. Tho. Patten, a Proprietor of the Copper Works. The Foundation of the House is of the Dross of Copper. Warrington is 10 M. f. Prescot, 18 f. Liverpool-it is a large populous Town and the new Houses very neat. There is an Academy here founded much like a College-it is chiefly for Presbyteriansthe young Vaughans were educated here. I had a letter from Mr. Armstrong to Rev. Mr. Enfield, Professor of Languages, he shewed me the little there was to be seen a tolerable Library, fine Prospect from the Leads, and a small neat Room which each Student has to himself. He furnished NOTES ON BOOKS:-'Journal of the Folk-Song Society. Notes. . FROM LIVERPOOL TO WORCESTER 66 THE following is a copy of a diary kept by Capt. Joseph Roche, R.N., of his journey by post-chaise or private carriage from Liverpool to Worcester on Oct. 11-21 of some year during the wars with Napoleon. The year, I think, from internal evidence, was 1809,* in which King George III.'s jubilee was kept, but was certainly the year in which the new Bridge at Shrewsbury was being built. Capt. Roche (not yet, however, a captain he entere the Navv in 1806 only and was probably a midshipman) was accompanied by an escort or detachment of cavalry and by a companion whom he does not name, but who may have been the officer in command of the cavalry. He nowhere states what the object of the journey was, but from the presence of an escort it must have been on official business. The diary fills a small octavo notebook inter [In 1809 Oct. 11 fell on a Wednesday; it fell on .a Friday in 1805 and 1811.] us with the Card of the Academy. We walked about the Town, there is a fine Stone Bridge over the River Mersey, the first-returned to the Red Lion, supped and went to Bed. Saturday 12th. We did intend to take a Boat from hence quite up to Manchester and to leave our Horses here, but hearing the Boat was at Worsleys and that we must send a Man for it and thinking we should be tired of going 20 Miles in a Boat, besides there was a more essential Reason, I did not think I had Money enough to carry us to Shrewsbury-for it would have cost about two Guineas, so I thought I might as well work my Horses and save the Money. We left Jack's Trunk and my Portmanteau thinking to return the same Way as they told us the Road through Northwich was very bad-we breakfasted and marched off about 9 o'c. The Road was very sandy and heavy-turned off to the left at 16 M. f. W., that is we got out and walked to Worsley, wh. was about 14 Mile out of the Road up a bad Lane and met the Cavalry on the March 4 Miles farther. When we got to the Inn at * Omitted in original. |